三、阅读理解
The United Nations(UN) has decided that 2025 is the year of glacier(冰川) protection. It has also set March 21, 2025, as the first yearly World Day for Glaciers to ask everyone to help save glaciers.
You can think of glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains and valleys over the earth's history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today.
Glaciers are not just important for the land. The water from glaciers is also good for rivers and seas. In some places, glaciers give water to people and animals. They help keep the earth's temperature constant(恒温). They also hold 70% of the earth's clean water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live.
However, climate change is making problems for glaciers. Many glaciers are disappearing. There will be less water for people to drink and for farming. It is also bad for animals and plants. To deal with the problem, China is using smart ideas to slow down glacier melting(融化), UNESCO said.
One idea is to use special glacier blankets to slow melting. At Dagu Glacier, these blankets covered 500 square metres and slowed melting by 34%(2020 - 2021). At Xinjiang's Glacier No. 1, thinner blankets worked even better, cutting summer melting by up to 70%. The blankets block sunlight to protect the ice.
Scientists also create artificial snow(人造雪) to help glaciers stay cooler and melt more slowly. In April and May 2023, scientists did this in the Bailanghe Glacier. The glacier grew 5.9 per cent bigger. It is also important to watch glaciers carefully. Scientists use special devices to watch glaciers. This helps scientists know how glaciers are changing. By studying the numbers, scientists can find better ways to protect glaciers.
()1. What's the meaning of the underlined word "block" in paragraph 4?
A. Mix. B. Choose. C. Stop. D. Change.
()2. In this passage, the UN wants to protect glaciers because .
① they offer fresh water to people and animals
② they cover 70% of the earth's surface
③ climate change makes problems for them
④ they are important for rivers and seas
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①②③ D. ①③④
()3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Glacier blankets at Dagu Glacier stopped melting in 2020 - 2021.
B. Glaciers move quickly across the land and make fast changes on land.
C. Artificial snow projects are more helpful than glacier blankets for all glaciers.
D. Studying glaciers with special devices helps find out how to protect glaciers better.
()4. Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①=paragraph 1)
A. ①/②/③④⑤ B. ①/②/③/④⑤
C. ①/②③④⑤ D. ①/②③④/⑤

三、1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B

【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文，梳理出文章围绕冰川保护展开的整体脉络：先介绍联合国设立冰川相关纪念日的背景，再依次讲解冰川的基本属性、冰川的重要价值、冰川面临的生存危机、对应的保护措施。之后针对不同题型逐一突破：第1题词义猜测题定位划线词所在的上下文，结合冰川毯减缓融冰的功能推导词义；第2题细节判断题逐一核对四个表述，排除和原文不符的错误说法；第3题细节理解题将每个选项和原文内容比对，排除偷换概念、无中生有的干扰项；第4题文章结构题逐段概括段意，匹配对应的分层逻辑即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句描述冰川毯的作用，前文提到冰川毯可以大幅减缓冰川融化，结合常识可知这类防护毯的作用是阻挡阳光照射冰面，对应选项里的Stop（阻止），A混合、B选择、D改变均不符合语境。
2. 细节判断题：逐一核对四个表述：①原文第三段明确提到冰川可以给人和动物提供水源，表述正确；②原文第三段说明冰川储存了全球70%的清洁淡水，并非覆盖地球70%的表面，表述错误；③原文第四段开头点明气候变化给冰川带来了诸多问题，表述正确；④原文第三段提到冰川融水对河流和海洋有益，表述正确。因此符合要求的是①③④。
3. 细节理解题：逐一排查选项：A选项原文提到达古冰川的防护毯仅减缓了34%的融化，并非完全阻止融化，表述错误；B选项原文第二段说明冰川是陆地上缓慢移动的冰雪，并非快速移动快速改变地貌，表述错误；C选项全文没有提到人造雪比冰川毯对所有冰川都更有效，属于无中生有，表述错误；D选项原文最后一段明确说明科学家用特殊设备监测冰川，通过研究数据能找到更好的冰川保护方法，表述完全符合原文。
4. 结构分析题：梳理各部分段意：第1段总起，介绍联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的背景；第2段单独介绍冰川的定义和基础地貌作用；第3段单独介绍冰川的各类重要价值；第4段点明冰川面临的危机，引出保护措施，后续段落具体介绍两类落地的保护方案，整体分层对应①/②/③/④⑤的结构。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
词义猜测题，细节信息查找，文章结构梳理
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的常见题型，干扰项大多采用偷换原文数据、无中生有的设置方式，能够有效锻炼学生准确定位原文信息、辨析错误表述的能力，同时引导学生关注冰川保护的相关环保知识。
【难度系数】
0.7