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Ⅲ. 翻译句子
用括号里所给的词汇将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 他对这场足球比赛感到失望。(be disappointed at)
2. 自从我开始认真学英语，我的学习生活迎来了不同的转折。(take a different turn)
3. 我们去公园吧，这样可以让你暂时不想那道数学难题。(take one's mind off )
4. 如果我们不求助，所有任务都会落在我们身上。(fall upon)
5. 犯错是学习的一部分，所以别害怕犯错。(a part of)
用括号里所给的词汇将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 他对这场足球比赛感到失望。(be disappointed at)
He was disappointed at the football match.
2. 自从我开始认真学英语，我的学习生活迎来了不同的转折。(take a different turn)
Since I started learning English, my study life has taken a different turn.
3. 我们去公园吧，这样可以让你暂时不想那道数学难题。(take one's mind off )
Let's go to the park to take your mind off the difficult maths problem.
4. 如果我们不求助，所有任务都会落在我们身上。(fall upon)
All the tasks will fall upon us if we don't ask for help.
5. 犯错是学习的一部分，所以别害怕犯错。(a part of)
Making mistakes is a part of learning, so don't be afraid of making mistakes.
答案
Ⅲ. 1. He was disappointed at the football match.
2. Since I started learning English, my study life has
taken a different turn.
3. Let's go to the park to take your mind off the difficult
maths problem.
4. All the tasks will fall upon us if we don't ask for help.
5. Making mistakes is a part of learning, so don't be
afraid of making mistakes.
2. Since I started learning English, my study life has
taken a different turn.
3. Let's go to the park to take your mind off the difficult
maths problem.
4. All the tasks will fall upon us if we don't ask for help.
5. Making mistakes is a part of learning, so don't be
afraid of making mistakes.
解析
【分析】
这是指定提示词汇的汉译英题型，解题思路可以按三步走：第一步先明确题干给出的固定短语的准确含义和常用搭配结构，比如be disappointed at后面要接指代事物的名词，take one's mind off后面接要转移注意力的对象；第二步分析原中文句子的逻辑和时态特征，比如出现since引导时间状语从句要遵循“从句一般过去时，主句现在完成时”的规则，if引导真实条件句要遵循“主将从现”的规则，同时确定句子的主语、谓语等核心成分；第三步把提示短语嵌入对应句式，补全剩余的翻译内容，通读检查语法是否正确、语义是否完整，确保没有错用提示短语、遗漏信息点。
【解析】
1. 确定主语为He，提示短语be disappointed at描述过去的情绪状态，be动词选用一般过去时的was，“这场足球比赛”翻译为the football match，组合得到对应句子。
2. 句子由since引导时间状语从句，从句“我开始认真学英语”翻译为I started learning English，主句主语为my study life，提示短语take a different turn搭配现在完成时，变形为has taken a different turn，组合得到对应句子。
3. 主句用表提议的祈使句Let's go to the park，后续用不定式作目的状语，提示短语take your mind off后接“那道数学难题”翻译为the difficult maths problem，组合得到对应句子。
4. 句子为if引导的真实条件状语从句，遵循主将从现规则：主句“所有任务都会落在我们身上”用一般将来时，提示短语fall upon变形为will fall upon us，从句“我们不求助”用一般现在时翻译为we don't ask for help，组合得到对应句子。
5. 前半句“犯错”用动名词短语Making mistakes作主语，提示短语a part of后接宾语learning，后半句用祈使句表达“别害怕犯错”，补充完整得到对应句子。
【答案】
1. He was disappointed at the football match.
2. Since I started learning English, my study life has taken a different turn.
3. Let's go to the park to take your mind off the difficult maths problem.
4. All the tasks will fall upon us if we don't ask for help.
5. Making mistakes is a part of learning, so don't be afraid of making mistakes.
【知识点】
固定短语运用，主从句时态规则，汉译英基础
【点评】
本题属于基础翻译题型，明确给出了核心翻译短语，降低了翻译难度，主要考察学生对课内重点固定搭配的掌握程度，同时也顺带考察了祈使句、动名词作主语、状语从句时态等基础语法点，只要学生熟记给出的短语含义，结合基础语法规则就能顺利完成翻译，适合巩固课内短语知识点使用。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是指定提示词汇的汉译英题型，解题思路可以按三步走：第一步先明确题干给出的固定短语的准确含义和常用搭配结构，比如be disappointed at后面要接指代事物的名词，take one's mind off后面接要转移注意力的对象；第二步分析原中文句子的逻辑和时态特征，比如出现since引导时间状语从句要遵循“从句一般过去时，主句现在完成时”的规则，if引导真实条件句要遵循“主将从现”的规则，同时确定句子的主语、谓语等核心成分；第三步把提示短语嵌入对应句式，补全剩余的翻译内容，通读检查语法是否正确、语义是否完整，确保没有错用提示短语、遗漏信息点。
【解析】
1. 确定主语为He，提示短语be disappointed at描述过去的情绪状态，be动词选用一般过去时的was，“这场足球比赛”翻译为the football match，组合得到对应句子。
2. 句子由since引导时间状语从句，从句“我开始认真学英语”翻译为I started learning English，主句主语为my study life，提示短语take a different turn搭配现在完成时，变形为has taken a different turn，组合得到对应句子。
3. 主句用表提议的祈使句Let's go to the park，后续用不定式作目的状语，提示短语take your mind off后接“那道数学难题”翻译为the difficult maths problem，组合得到对应句子。
4. 句子为if引导的真实条件状语从句，遵循主将从现规则：主句“所有任务都会落在我们身上”用一般将来时，提示短语fall upon变形为will fall upon us，从句“我们不求助”用一般现在时翻译为we don't ask for help，组合得到对应句子。
5. 前半句“犯错”用动名词短语Making mistakes作主语，提示短语a part of后接宾语learning，后半句用祈使句表达“别害怕犯错”，补充完整得到对应句子。
【答案】
1. He was disappointed at the football match.
2. Since I started learning English, my study life has taken a different turn.
3. Let's go to the park to take your mind off the difficult maths problem.
4. All the tasks will fall upon us if we don't ask for help.
5. Making mistakes is a part of learning, so don't be afraid of making mistakes.
【知识点】
固定短语运用，主从句时态规则，汉译英基础
【点评】
本题属于基础翻译题型，明确给出了核心翻译短语，降低了翻译难度，主要考察学生对课内重点固定搭配的掌握程度，同时也顺带考察了祈使句、动名词作主语、状语从句时态等基础语法点，只要学生熟记给出的短语含义，结合基础语法规则就能顺利完成翻译，适合巩固课内短语知识点使用。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅳ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Growing up is full of challenges, but perseverance (毅力) always brings surprises.
Tom was born with a weak left arm. He 1 most of his childhood trying to keep up with other kids. When he was ten, he wanted to learn basketball, a sport that requires strong arm strength. His friends often played on the playground 2 school at 5:00 pm, and he would stand by and watch, hoping to join them.
His parents never told him he might not be able to play 3 . Instead, they bought 4 a small basketball and encouraged him to practise every day. In Grade Eight, he decided to try out for the school basketball team. The coach said only the top 12 players would be chosen, 5 Tom trained harder than anyone else.
Every morning, he got up early to practise shooting. Even when his arm ached, he didn't stop. His mother was 6 about his health, so she often prepared warm milk for him after practice. One day, during the training, he fell and hurt his knee. But he got up quickly and kept 7 . Finally, the list of team members was announced (公布). Tom was the last one on the list — he 8 the team! All his hard work paid off. Now, he is one of the most active players in the team. He knows that failure is a part of life, and it 9 just a moment.
As teenagers, we should face difficulties bravely. Our families' support 10 an important role in our growth. With love and encouragement, we can overcome (克服) any challenge.
1. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid
2. A. before B. after C. during D. until
3. A. well B. badly C. slowly D. loudly
4. A. me B. you C. him D. it
5. A. but B. because C. or D. so
6. A. excited B. worried C. angry D. proud
7. A. practising B. reading C. writing D. singing
8. A. missed B. left C. jumped D. joined
9. A. lasts B. changes C. wins D. forgets
10. A. makes B. plays C. does D. takes
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Growing up is full of challenges, but perseverance (毅力) always brings surprises.
Tom was born with a weak left arm. He 1 most of his childhood trying to keep up with other kids. When he was ten, he wanted to learn basketball, a sport that requires strong arm strength. His friends often played on the playground 2 school at 5:00 pm, and he would stand by and watch, hoping to join them.
His parents never told him he might not be able to play 3 . Instead, they bought 4 a small basketball and encouraged him to practise every day. In Grade Eight, he decided to try out for the school basketball team. The coach said only the top 12 players would be chosen, 5 Tom trained harder than anyone else.
Every morning, he got up early to practise shooting. Even when his arm ached, he didn't stop. His mother was 6 about his health, so she often prepared warm milk for him after practice. One day, during the training, he fell and hurt his knee. But he got up quickly and kept 7 . Finally, the list of team members was announced (公布). Tom was the last one on the list — he 8 the team! All his hard work paid off. Now, he is one of the most active players in the team. He knows that failure is a part of life, and it 9 just a moment.
As teenagers, we should face difficulties bravely. Our families' support 10 an important role in our growth. With love and encouragement, we can overcome (克服) any challenge.
1. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid
2. A. before B. after C. during D. until
3. A. well B. badly C. slowly D. loudly
4. A. me B. you C. him D. it
5. A. but B. because C. or D. so
6. A. excited B. worried C. angry D. proud
7. A. practising B. reading C. writing D. singing
8. A. missed B. left C. jumped D. joined
9. A. lasts B. changes C. wins D. forgets
10. A. makes B. plays C. does D. takes
答案
Ⅳ. 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B
解析
【分析】
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，抓住文章核心主旨：本文讲述了先天左臂有缺陷的Tom凭借超乎常人的坚持，最终成功入选校篮球队的励志故事，传递出毅力与家人支持助力成长的道理。解题时可以分三步：第一，先浏览全文掌握故事脉络，避免脱离语境选错；第二，逐题辨析选项词义，结合上下文线索、固定搭配、逻辑关系逐一排除不符合语境的选项；第三，选完所有答案后回读全文，验证整体逻辑是否通顺，确保没有前后矛盾的选择。比如第1题考察表示“花费”的动词辨析，看到后面的trying to keep up，立刻能想到spend的固定搭配spend time doing sth，就能快速锁定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 选A。考察“花费”类动词辨析：A选项spend的常用结构是sb spend time (in) doing sth，符合本句主语He、后接trying的结构；B选项take的常用结构是it takes sb some time to do sth，主语通常为形式主语it；C选项cost主语通常是物品，多表示花费金钱；D选项pay的常用搭配是pay for，意为“为…付钱”，其余三项均不符合句子结构，故选A。
2. 选B。结合常识，学生下午5点打球是放学之后的活动，after school是常用表达，意为“放学后”，完全符合语境；A before在…之前，C during在…期间，D until直到，都不符合时间逻辑，故选B。
3. 选A。前文提到Tom天生左臂无力，父母从来没有告诉他他可能没法把篮球打好，well是副词，意为“好地”，用来修饰动词play；B badly坏地，C slowly慢地，D loudly大声地，均不符合语境，故选A。
4. 选C。此处指代前文的Tom，是男性第三人称，动词bought后要接第三人称宾格him，故选C。
5. 选D。前文说明教练只会选拔排名前12的球员，和后文“Tom比所有人训练都更刻苦”是因果关系，so意为“所以”，用来引出结果；A but表转折，B because引出原因，C or表否则/选择，均不符合逻辑，故选D。
6. 选B。后文提到妈妈经常在他训练后准备温牛奶，说明妈妈很担心他的健康，be worried about是固定搭配，意为“担心…”；A excited兴奋的，C angry生气的，D proud骄傲的，都不符合语境，故选B。
7. 选A。他训练时摔倒伤到膝盖，很快站起来继续练习篮球，practising练习完全符合打篮球的语境；其余reading阅读、writing写字、singing唱歌都和故事背景无关，故选A。
8. 选D。前文说入选名单公布，Tom在名单的最后一位，说明他成功加入了校队，joined加入符合语境；A missed错过，B left离开，C jumped跳，均不符合文意，故选D。
9. 选A。句意为失败是人生的一部分，它仅仅是持续一瞬间，lasts意为“持续”符合句意；B changes改变，C wins赢，D forgets忘记，都不符合语义，故选A。
10. 选B。play an important role是固定短语，意为“起重要作用、扮演重要角色”，其余动词都不构成该搭配，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B
【知识点】
动词词义辨析
固定搭配辨析
语境逻辑推理
【点评】
本题是初中阶段典型的励志主题完形填空，整体故事线索清晰，大部分题目依托基础动词的常见搭配和上下文语境线索即可选出正确答案，既考察学生对初中核心词汇用法的掌握程度，也通过故事引导学生理解坚持的意义，体会家人支持在成长中的作用，平时多积累spend time doing、play an important role这类高频固定短语，能大幅提升这类题的解题速度和正确率。
【难度系数】
0.7
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，抓住文章核心主旨：本文讲述了先天左臂有缺陷的Tom凭借超乎常人的坚持，最终成功入选校篮球队的励志故事，传递出毅力与家人支持助力成长的道理。解题时可以分三步：第一，先浏览全文掌握故事脉络，避免脱离语境选错；第二，逐题辨析选项词义，结合上下文线索、固定搭配、逻辑关系逐一排除不符合语境的选项；第三，选完所有答案后回读全文，验证整体逻辑是否通顺，确保没有前后矛盾的选择。比如第1题考察表示“花费”的动词辨析，看到后面的trying to keep up，立刻能想到spend的固定搭配spend time doing sth，就能快速锁定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 选A。考察“花费”类动词辨析：A选项spend的常用结构是sb spend time (in) doing sth，符合本句主语He、后接trying的结构；B选项take的常用结构是it takes sb some time to do sth，主语通常为形式主语it；C选项cost主语通常是物品，多表示花费金钱；D选项pay的常用搭配是pay for，意为“为…付钱”，其余三项均不符合句子结构，故选A。
2. 选B。结合常识，学生下午5点打球是放学之后的活动，after school是常用表达，意为“放学后”，完全符合语境；A before在…之前，C during在…期间，D until直到，都不符合时间逻辑，故选B。
3. 选A。前文提到Tom天生左臂无力，父母从来没有告诉他他可能没法把篮球打好，well是副词，意为“好地”，用来修饰动词play；B badly坏地，C slowly慢地，D loudly大声地，均不符合语境，故选A。
4. 选C。此处指代前文的Tom，是男性第三人称，动词bought后要接第三人称宾格him，故选C。
5. 选D。前文说明教练只会选拔排名前12的球员，和后文“Tom比所有人训练都更刻苦”是因果关系，so意为“所以”，用来引出结果；A but表转折，B because引出原因，C or表否则/选择，均不符合逻辑，故选D。
6. 选B。后文提到妈妈经常在他训练后准备温牛奶，说明妈妈很担心他的健康，be worried about是固定搭配，意为“担心…”；A excited兴奋的，C angry生气的，D proud骄傲的，都不符合语境，故选B。
7. 选A。他训练时摔倒伤到膝盖，很快站起来继续练习篮球，practising练习完全符合打篮球的语境；其余reading阅读、writing写字、singing唱歌都和故事背景无关，故选A。
8. 选D。前文说入选名单公布，Tom在名单的最后一位，说明他成功加入了校队，joined加入符合语境；A missed错过，B left离开，C jumped跳，均不符合文意，故选D。
9. 选A。句意为失败是人生的一部分，它仅仅是持续一瞬间，lasts意为“持续”符合句意；B changes改变，C wins赢，D forgets忘记，都不符合语义，故选A。
10. 选B。play an important role是固定短语，意为“起重要作用、扮演重要角色”，其余动词都不构成该搭配，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B
【知识点】
动词词义辨析
固定搭配辨析
语境逻辑推理
【点评】
本题是初中阶段典型的励志主题完形填空，整体故事线索清晰，大部分题目依托基础动词的常见搭配和上下文语境线索即可选出正确答案，既考察学生对初中核心词汇用法的掌握程度，也通过故事引导学生理解坚持的意义，体会家人支持在成长中的作用，平时多积累spend time doing、play an important role这类高频固定短语，能大幅提升这类题的解题速度和正确率。
【难度系数】
0.7
