语法讲练—动词不定式
动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成（有时不带to）。它可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。今天主要是回顾动词不定式（短语）作宾语、状语和宾语补足语的用法。
一、作宾语
（一）动词like、want、try、decide、agree、choose等后面可接动词不定式作宾语。例句：
We tried to raise some money for the poor.
（二）it作形式宾语，而把不定式结构后置。例句：
I find it interesting to play basketball with him.
二、作状语
动词不定式可作状语，表示目的、原因或结果。例句：He had to work hard to make more money.
三、作宾语补足语
（一）动词ask、invite等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to不可以省略。
（二）使役动词（make、let、have等）和感官动词（see、watch、hear等）后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。注意：主动使役感官省to，被动语态必须还原to！例句：
主动：We saw her enter the room.
被动：She was seen to enter the room by us.
【强化训练】单句语法填空
1. I plan (send) a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
2. We have to work hard (make) our dream come true.
3. Ken decided to take up dancing as his new hobby. Nothing will make him (change) his mind.
4. Children should help their parents (do) housework at home.
5. The boy was made (clean) the classroom after school.
回归教材
阅读填空（教材P26－27课文改编）
Last weekend, a friend and I went to visit an art museum. We found many works of traditional Chinese calligraphy 1. show. It was my first time to visit such an exhibition, and I was really excited. 2. I don’t know much about Chinese calligraphy, I can see it everywhere in China. You may even come across people writing calligraphy with water and a big brush on the ground in a park. I came to learn that calligraphy 3. (view) by Chinese people as one of the highest forms of art.
In the museum, my Chinese friend told me an interesting story about calligraphy. Wang Xizhi was one of the best 4. (calligrapher) in history. He once attended a party of the Orchid Pavilion. Every guest was expected 5. (write) a poem during the party. At the end of the party, Wang wrote the introduction to the poems. The next day, he realized that it was his 6. (good) calligraphy ever. He then tried 7. (recreate) the exact style, but found it impossible. When he was at the party, he was very happy and relaxed, which made his calligraphy 8. (especial) lively. People later said the calligraphy looked like a Chinese dragon at play.
It is a pity that the 9. (origin) version of the Lanting Xu has been lost, but it 10. (copy) and studied by many calligraphers. Today, students still copy it along with other famous works. Doing so not only helps them improve their own calligraphy, but also develops their artistic senses.
As an art form, Chinese calligraphy is meant to inspire, to make us think, and to show our understanding of beauty.

【强化训练】
1. to send 2. to make 3. change 4. do/to do
5. to clean
回归教材
1. on 2. Although/Though 3. is viewed
4. calligraphers 5. to write 6. best 7. to recreate
8. especially 9. original 10. has been copied

【分析】
本题分为动词不定式专项强化训练和教材改编语法填空两部分，核心考查初中英语基础语法：强化训练聚焦动词不定式作宾语、状语、宾语补足语的用法，以及使役动词主动/被动结构中不定式符号的变化规则；回归教材综合考查介词搭配、让步连词、时态语态、名词单复数、词性转换等知识点。解题时需先定位每个空格的语法考点，再结合对应规则推导答案，如固定动词搭配、不定式作目的状语、使役动词的被动还原、固定短语、逻辑连词、被动语态的判断等。
【解析】
强化训练
1. 固定搭配plan to do sth（计划做某事），需用不定式作宾语，故填to send。
2. 不定式作目的状语，表“努力工作的目的是实现梦想”，故填to make。
3. 使役动词make的主动结构：make sb do sth，不定式符号to省略，故填change。
4. help的固定搭配help sb (to) do sth，不定式符号to可省略，故填do/to do。
5. 使役动词make的被动结构：be made to do sth，不定式符号to必须还原，故填to clean。
回归教材
1. 固定短语on show（展出），故填介词on。
2. 前后句为让步逻辑：“虽然我不懂书法，但在中国随处可见”，故填让步连词Although/Though。
3. 主语calligraphy与动词view是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态，故填is viewed。
4. one of后接可数名词复数，calligrapher的复数为calligraphers，故填calligraphers。
5. 固定搭配expect sb to do sth，不定式作宾语补足语，故填to write。
6. 由ever可知用形容词最高级，good的最高级是best，故填best。
7. 固定搭配try to do sth（努力做某事），故填to recreate。
8. 修饰形容词lively需用副词，especial的副词形式是especially，故填especially。
9. 修饰名词version需用形容词，origin的形容词是original，故填original。
10. 主语it指代《兰亭序》，与copy是被动关系，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态，故填has been copied。
【答案】
【强化训练】1. to send 2. to make 3. change 4. do/to do 5. to clean
【回归教材】1. on 2. Although/Though 3. is viewed 4. calligraphers 5. to write 6. best 7. to recreate 8. especially 9. original 10. has been copied
【知识点】
动词不定式用法、时态语态、介词与连词搭配
【点评】
本题是初中英语基础语法的综合练习题，覆盖核心语法考点，侧重考查学生对规则的识记与应用，题目难度适中，是巩固语法基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.6