中考趋势 Ⅵ.短文还原
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
Imagine spending your nights sleeping thousands of times, each time for only four seconds. Does it sound like a nightmare? 1.
Like other penguins, chinstrap penguins spend much of their time in the water. But when the time comes to raise their young, they return to land to build nests and lay eggs. Usually, one parent guards the nest while the other hunts for food. The "guarding parent" must always keep an alert(警惕的) lookout. 2. Getting a good night's sleep can be deadly for the young, but it's hard to stay alert for 20 hours a day. Chinstrap penguins have found an unusual way to solve the problem.
In a new study, scientists report that chinstrap penguins take thousands of "micro-sleeps" every day. 3. By taking over 10,000 microsleeps a day, the penguins get a total of about 11 hours of sleep a day.
Niels Rattenborg is one of the scientists. He says the penguins are always "blinking" their eyes. 4. Dr Rattenborg says it's amazing how they can keep guarding their nests, eggs, and babies while sleeping like this.
5. Do these microsleeps help the penguins feel truly rested, or just help them stay alive? Do they sleep this way only when they have babies, or at other times too? More studies are needed to learn about these birds that cannot fly.
A. But scientists still have questions
B. Each sleep lasts only about four seconds
C. They do this around the clock for several weeks at a time
D. Well, that's exactly how chinstrap penguin parents sleep
E. Scientists have found that other penguins also have similar sleeping habit
F. Because some skuas(贼鸥) like to attack the eggs and young penguins
G. More researches need to be done to study the sleep mode to help chinstrap penguins
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Ⅶ.首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
(2025·上海一模)They are summer-time singers. They're found e1 except in the North and South Poles. And even though they're common, they're also quite fascinating. Who are they? Grasshoppers!
A2 Body Grasshoppers have an exoskeleton(外骨骼) which means the skeleton is on the outside of their body. They have two sets of wings. The front pair is h3 and strong, like a shell. The back pair is soft and flexible, which allows the grasshopper to c4 directions quickly and smoothly during flight. The grasshopper also has three pairs of very strong legs. They use these to walk and to jump 20 times their own body length. Imagine if you could do that!
Have you ever tried to catch a grasshopper? You won't even have a c5. It's because they have five eyes in total, which help them see in almost every direction. This means they h6 miss noticing any danger coming.
Music Makers If you hear a pleasant chirp(唧唧声) on a summer night, it could be a male grasshopper trying to attract a female one, or ask other males to stay away. It p7 the sound by rubbing the back leg against its forewing, just like playing the violin. Next time you hear the chirping sound in summer, remember it's a grasshopper's l8 song or a warning call.
Friend or enemy Some grasshoppers like the taste of wheat, corn and cotton—all things we use and farmers hate to l9. In fact, a large group of grasshoppers called locusts(蝗虫) can quickly and easily eat up a farmer's crops in just a few minutes.
H10, not all grasshoppers are monsters. A type of grasshoppers called Turnbull helps control the growth of weeds(野草) by eating them. The Two-Striped grasshoppers eat plants that are harmful to cows.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
英语八上(江苏版)

Ⅵ. 1.D 2.F 3.B 4.C 5.A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帽带企鹅在繁殖期间通过进行数千次微睡眠来保持警惕,以保护它们的蛋和幼崽,但科学家们仍然对这种睡眠方式的效果和适用时间存在疑问。
1. D 解析:根据“Does it sound like a nightmare?”及“Like other penguins, chinstrap penguins spend much of their time in the water.”可知,此处描述每次只睡四秒钟听起来像噩梦,并且下文提到帽带企鹅,因此此处应表述与帽带企鹅睡眠相关的内容。选项D“这正是帽带企鹅父母的睡眠方式”符合题意。故选D。
2. F 解析:根据“The 'guarding parent' must always keep an alert lookout.”可知,此处表达“监护父/母亲”必须时刻保持警惕,因此空处应解释为什么要保持警惕。选项F“因为一些贼鸥喜欢攻击企鹅蛋和幼崽”符合题意。故选F。
3. B 解析:根据“In a new study, scientists report that chinstrap penguins take thousands of 'micro-sleeps' every day.”可知,此处表达微睡眠每天发生上千次,因此空处应继续表述微睡眠的相关情况。选项B“每次时长仅四秒”符合题意。故选B。
4. C 解析:据“He says the penguins are always 'blinking their eyes.'及“... it's amazing how they can keep guarding their nests, eggs, and babies while sleeping like this.”可知,此处表达企鹅总在“眨眼”状态,并且下文提到在这样睡觉的时候还能守护巢穴、蛋和幼崽,因此空处应表述与这种睡眠有关的信息。选项C“它们一次连续几周不间断地这样做”符合题意。故选C。
5. A 解析:根据“Do these microsleeps help ... ? Do they sleep ... ? More studies are needed to learn about these birds that cannot fly.”可知,此处提出还有许多问题尚待研究,因此空处应表达科学家有疑问。选项A“但科学家仍有疑问”符合题意。故选A。
Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蚱蜢的外形、习性及对人类的影响。
1. everywhere 解析:根据“except in the North and South Poles(除了南北极)”及首字母e可知,蚱蜢到处都有。故填everywhere。
2. About 解析:根据下文介绍蚱蜢的身体结构,结合首字母A可知。故填About。
3. hard 解析:根据“like a shell(像贝壳)”及首字母h可知,前翅坚硬。故填hard。
4. change 解析:根据“directions quickly and smoothly(快速平稳地……方向)”及首字母c可知,change directions是固定搭配。故填change。
5. chance 解析:根据下文“蚱蜢有五只眼睛,很难抓住”,结合首字母c可知,have a chance是固定搭配。故填chance。
6. hardly 解析:根据“see in almost every direction(几乎能看到各个方向)”及首字母h可知,几乎不会错过注意到危险。故填hardly。
7. produces 解析:根据“the sound by rubbing the back leg against its forewing(通过腿擦翅膀发出声音)”及首字母p可知,主语it是单数。故填produces。
8. love 解析:根据“attract a female one(吸引雌性)”及首字母l可知,是爱的歌声。故填love。
9. lose 解析:根据“Some grasshoppers like the taste of wheat, corn and cotton(蚱蜢吃小麦、玉米、棉花)”及首字母l可知,农民不愿失去这些作物。故填lose。
10. However 解析:根据上文说有些蚱蜢是害虫,下文说有些蚱蜢有益,是转折关系,结合首字母H可知填However。

【分析】
本题分为短文还原和首字母填空两部分。短文还原需结合上下文语境、逻辑关系（如问答衔接、因果关系等），从方框选项中匹配最符合语境的内容，排除多余选项；首字母填空需根据短文语境、首字母提示及固定搭配，填写合适单词，注意词形变化（如第三人称单数、副词等）。
【解析】
Ⅵ.短文还原：
1. 空前是问句“Does it sound like a nightmare?”，空后引出帽带企鹅的睡眠情况，选项D“这正是帽带企鹅父母的睡眠方式”衔接自然，故选D。
2. 空前提到监护父母需保持警惕，空后说明幼崽睡眠的危险性，选项F“因为一些贼鸥喜欢攻击企鹅蛋和幼崽”解释了保持警惕的原因，故选F。
3. 空前提到“micro-sleeps（微睡眠）”，选项B“每次时长仅四秒”补充微睡眠的具体情况，符合语境，故选B。
4. 空前说企鹅总在“眨眼”状态，空后提到它们能守护巢穴等，选项C“它们一次连续几周不间断地这样做”说明这种睡眠的持续性，故选C。
5. 空后是两个待研究的问题，选项A“但科学家仍有疑问”引出后续内容，故选A。
Ⅶ.首字母填空：
1. 句意：除了南北极，蚱蜢到处都有，首字母e，填everywhere。
2. 下文介绍蚱蜢身体结构，首字母A，填About。
3. 前翅像贝壳一样坚硬，首字母h，填hard。
4. 飞行时快速平稳改变方向，首字母c，填change。
5. 蚱蜢难抓，几乎没机会，首字母c，填chance。
6. 五只眼睛几乎不会错过危险，首字母h，填hardly。
7. 通过摩擦腿和翅膀发出声音，主语it为单数，首字母p，填produces。
8. 吸引雌性是爱的歌声，首字母l，填love。
9. 农民不愿失去作物，首字母l，填lose。
10. 转折关系，有些蚱蜢有害，有些有益，首字母H，填However。
【答案】
Ⅵ.1.D 2.F 3.B 4.C 5.A
Ⅶ.1.everywhere 2.About 3.hard 4.change 5.chance 6.hardly 7.produces 8.love 9.lose 10.However
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、短文还原、首字母填空
【点评】
本题是中考英语常见题型，短文还原侧重考查上下文逻辑衔接能力，首字母填空侧重考查词汇运用和语境理解，整体难度适中，需学生具备良好的语篇分析能力和词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.6