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五、短文填空
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
In the past, people didn't need sports like running to stay (1) h because they were very active. But these days, many of us spend most of the day sitting down. This (2) m we need to get some exercise in our free time, and running is a cheap and easy way to do it. It's more fun than doing boring exercise in a gym, and all you (3) n is a good pair of trainers and some comfortable clothes. Also, it's a sport that people can do at any age. For example, Fauja Singh finished a marathon at the (4) a of 101!
To make running interesting, you can enter a race. Fun runs are very (5) p ______ . These are often 5 kilometres long and are great for beginners. You can run with your friends and maybe dress up. For fitter people, there are half-marathons, marathons, or (6) e ______ ultra-marathons. These can be 70－400 kilometres long. One of the most famous is the Marathon des Sables, which takes six days and goes (7) t ______ the Sahara Desert.
Running is fun and scientists say it is one of the best ways to keep fit. However, make sure you don't do it every day. It's important to take a (8) b between runs. Running improves the health of almost every part of your body, including your brain. It can make you feel happier and healthier, and (9) l longer. It also helps you sleep well, and that gives you the (10) e to enjoy your life more. Perhaps it's the perfect sport!
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
In the past, people didn't need sports like running to stay (1) h because they were very active. But these days, many of us spend most of the day sitting down. This (2) m we need to get some exercise in our free time, and running is a cheap and easy way to do it. It's more fun than doing boring exercise in a gym, and all you (3) n is a good pair of trainers and some comfortable clothes. Also, it's a sport that people can do at any age. For example, Fauja Singh finished a marathon at the (4) a of 101!
To make running interesting, you can enter a race. Fun runs are very (5) p ______ . These are often 5 kilometres long and are great for beginners. You can run with your friends and maybe dress up. For fitter people, there are half-marathons, marathons, or (6) e ______ ultra-marathons. These can be 70－400 kilometres long. One of the most famous is the Marathon des Sables, which takes six days and goes (7) t ______ the Sahara Desert.
Running is fun and scientists say it is one of the best ways to keep fit. However, make sure you don't do it every day. It's important to take a (8) b between runs. Running improves the health of almost every part of your body, including your brain. It can make you feel happier and healthier, and (9) l longer. It also helps you sleep well, and that gives you the (10) e to enjoy your life more. Perhaps it's the perfect sport!
答案
五、1. healthy 2. means 3. need 4. age 5. popular 6. even 7. through 8. break 9. live
10. energy
10. energy
解析
【分析】
做这类首字母提示的短文填空，首先要先通读全文，明确本文核心是介绍跑步这项运动的优势、相关赛事以及跑步对健康的益处，把握整体语境后再逐空推导：解题时可以按照“语义逻辑梳理→固定搭配匹配→首字母对应→语法校验”的思路走，先结合前后句的含义推断空格处的词义，再匹配给出的首字母提示，最后根据句子的时态、词性要求确定单词的正确形式，全部填完后再通读全文检查逻辑是否通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 第1空：stay是系动词，后接形容词构成系表结构，前文提到过去人们日常活动量很大，不需要额外跑步类运动来维持身体状态，结合首字母h，对应表示“健康的”的形容词healthy，构成常用搭配stay healthy。
2. 第2空：主语This是单数指示代词，指代前文“人们大部分时间都坐着”这件事，句子缺少谓语动词，语义为“这意味着我们需要在空闲时间做锻炼”，首字母为m，一般现在时下谓语用第三人称单数形式means。
3. 第3空：句子缺少谓语动词，语境是跑步这项运动的门槛很低，你所需要的全部装备就只是一双好的训练鞋和舒适衣物，首字母为n，对应动词need。
4. 第4空：后文出现数字101，对应固定搭配at the age of，表示“在……岁时”，首字母为a，对应名词age。
5. 第5空：系动词are后接形容词作表语，后文提到欢乐跑大多只有5公里，对新手非常友好，说明这类活动十分受欢迎，首字母为p，对应形容词popular。
6. 第6空：前文依次提到半马、全马，后文引出距离更长的超级马拉松，是递进关系，表示“甚至”，首字母为e，对应副词even。
7. 第7空：语境是马拉松赛事横穿撒哈拉沙漠，固定搭配go through表示“从物体内部穿过”，首字母为t，对应介词through。
8. 第8空：前文提示不要每天都跑步，固定搭配take a break表示“休息、休整”，首字母为b，对应名词break。
9. 第9空：和前文的feel happier and healthier构成并列语义，跑步能让人状态更好，活得更久，首字母为l，对应动词live。
10. 第10空：前文提到跑步能帮助提升睡眠质量，好的睡眠会给人充足的能量去更好地享受生活，首字母为e，对应名词energy。
【答案】
1. healthy 2. means 3. need 4. age 5. popular 6. even 7. through 8. break 9. live 10. energy
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，语境逻辑推理，核心词汇运用
【点评】
本题选取运动健康的生活化主题，所有考查词汇都是初中阶段的高频核心词，多数空依托常见固定搭配即可直接得出，仅个别空需要理清句间递进逻辑推导，整体兼顾基础和少量逻辑考查，既能有效检验学生对常用词汇和短语的掌握程度，也能引导学生了解跑步运动的相关常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类首字母提示的短文填空，首先要先通读全文，明确本文核心是介绍跑步这项运动的优势、相关赛事以及跑步对健康的益处，把握整体语境后再逐空推导：解题时可以按照“语义逻辑梳理→固定搭配匹配→首字母对应→语法校验”的思路走，先结合前后句的含义推断空格处的词义，再匹配给出的首字母提示，最后根据句子的时态、词性要求确定单词的正确形式，全部填完后再通读全文检查逻辑是否通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 第1空：stay是系动词，后接形容词构成系表结构，前文提到过去人们日常活动量很大，不需要额外跑步类运动来维持身体状态，结合首字母h，对应表示“健康的”的形容词healthy，构成常用搭配stay healthy。
2. 第2空：主语This是单数指示代词，指代前文“人们大部分时间都坐着”这件事，句子缺少谓语动词，语义为“这意味着我们需要在空闲时间做锻炼”，首字母为m，一般现在时下谓语用第三人称单数形式means。
3. 第3空：句子缺少谓语动词，语境是跑步这项运动的门槛很低，你所需要的全部装备就只是一双好的训练鞋和舒适衣物，首字母为n，对应动词need。
4. 第4空：后文出现数字101，对应固定搭配at the age of，表示“在……岁时”，首字母为a，对应名词age。
5. 第5空：系动词are后接形容词作表语，后文提到欢乐跑大多只有5公里，对新手非常友好，说明这类活动十分受欢迎，首字母为p，对应形容词popular。
6. 第6空：前文依次提到半马、全马，后文引出距离更长的超级马拉松，是递进关系，表示“甚至”，首字母为e，对应副词even。
7. 第7空：语境是马拉松赛事横穿撒哈拉沙漠，固定搭配go through表示“从物体内部穿过”，首字母为t，对应介词through。
8. 第8空：前文提示不要每天都跑步，固定搭配take a break表示“休息、休整”，首字母为b，对应名词break。
9. 第9空：和前文的feel happier and healthier构成并列语义，跑步能让人状态更好，活得更久，首字母为l，对应动词live。
10. 第10空：前文提到跑步能帮助提升睡眠质量，好的睡眠会给人充足的能量去更好地享受生活，首字母为e，对应名词energy。
【答案】
1. healthy 2. means 3. need 4. age 5. popular 6. even 7. through 8. break 9. live 10. energy
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，语境逻辑推理，核心词汇运用
【点评】
本题选取运动健康的生活化主题，所有考查词汇都是初中阶段的高频核心词，多数空依托常见固定搭配即可直接得出，仅个别空需要理清句间递进逻辑推导，整体兼顾基础和少量逻辑考查，既能有效检验学生对常用词汇和短语的掌握程度，也能引导学生了解跑步运动的相关常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
