五、阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。(2025·江苏常州第二十四中学期中)
Today is Saturday. The rain is still beating 1 the window outside. When I woke up this morning, it 2 (rain) heavily. I had breakfast first and then I chose my favourite Chinese classic novel to read in the study. To tell you the truth, I especially enjoy making 3 (I) lost in reading on rainy days.
I have a 4 (Canada) friend called Mary. We have 5 same hobby—reading books. She is much 6 (crazy) about reading books than me. And I think we can make our communication much easier by reading. Last year, I strongly recommended *Journey to the West* to her. It’s one of the most famous novels in China. The writer created a number of colourful characters like Tang Seng, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing. At last, they managed 7 (get) the true Buddhist scripture 8 they went through 81 difficulties. Mary finds it very 9 (excite). She says it’s the best book she 10 (read) so far.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

五、1. against 2. was raining 3. myself 4. Canadian 5. the 6. crazier 7. to get 8. after 9. exciting 10. has read

【分析】
做这类语法填空题型，首先第一步先通读全文，理清文章整体叙事逻辑和基础时态：本文以雨天读书为主题，穿插介绍自己的加拿大朋友和共同爱好，时态结合了一般现在时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。接下来分两类处理空格：第一类是给出提示词的空格，需要结合句子成分、标志词判断词性变化、时态语态、比较级/非谓语等变形规则；第二类是无提示词的空格，需要结合固定搭配、上下文逻辑判断介词、冠词、连词等虚词的正确形式，最后再通读全文校验所有答案的语法和逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 考查介词固定搭配，beat against是固定表达，意为“（风雨等）撞击、拍打”，此处表示雨水在外拍打窗户，故填against。
2. 考查过去进行时，时间状语"When I woke up this morning"是过去的具体时间点，该时间点正在发生的动作需用过去进行时，主语it指代天气，be动词用was，rain的现在分词为raining，故填was raining。
3. 考查反身代词，固定搭配make oneself lost in... 意为“沉浸于……”，主语为I，对应的反身代词是myself，故填myself。
4. 考查词性转换，空格后是名词friend，需要形容词作定语修饰名词，名词Canada对应的形容词形式是Canadian，意为“加拿大的”，故填Canadian。
5. 考查定冠词，形容词same前必须加定冠词the，是固定用法，the same hobby表示“相同的爱好”，故填the。
6. 考查形容词比较级，句中出现比较级标志词than，much可用来修饰比较级加强程度，crazy的比较级形式为crazier，故填crazier。
7. 考查非谓语动词，固定搭配manage to do sth. 意为“设法成功完成某事”，后接不定式作宾语，故填to get。
8. 考查连词，根据上下文逻辑，师徒四人是先经历81难，之后才取得真经，表达“在……之后”的含义用连词after，故填after。
9. 考查词性转换，此处作宾语补足语，修饰事物it（指代《西游记》这本书），要用-ing结尾的形容词exciting，表示“令人兴奋的”，修饰人的感受才用excited，故填exciting。
10. 考查现在完成时，句中出现现在完成时的标志性时间状语so far（到目前为止），从句主语为she，助动词用has，read的过去分词为read，故填has read。
【答案】
1. against 2. was raining 3. myself 4. Canadian 5. the 6. crazier 7. to get 8. after 9. exciting 10. has read
【知识点】
动词时态，词性转换，固定搭配
【点评】
本题是初中阶段典型的基础语法填空题，考点覆盖了初中核心的虚词用法、时态变形、非谓语规则等内容，绝大多数考点都是教材中明确要求掌握的基础知识点，仅少量空格需要结合上下文逻辑推导连词，整体难度不高，能够有效检验学生对基础语法规则的掌握熟练度，易错点集中在exciting和excited的区分、same前加定冠词the的固定规则两处。
【难度系数】
0.7

六、传统文化 阅读理解。
The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented (发明) thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian, a general (将军) of the Kingdom of Qin, improved (改进) the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to write reports to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.
One day after hunting, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when it moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?”
On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed (失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard.
However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked smoothly on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded (成功) at last.
Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use brush pens in school. It helps them better understand Chinese culture.
()1. Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen?
A. Because the king asked him to do so.
B. Because he wanted to be an inventor.
C. Because the pen brought him much trouble.
D. Because he didn’t have silk to write on.
()2. 新考法—信息排序 Which is the right order of improving the brush pen?
a. The brush pen could write well.
b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick.
c. The special water washed the oil away.
d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole.
e. Meng came up with a new idea on the way home after hunting.
A. e-b-d-c-a
B. d-b-a-c-e
C. e-b-d-a-c
D. d-b-c-a-e
()3. How can the students understand Chinese culture better according to the passage?
A. By learning to use brush pens.
B. By inventing new things.
C. By making pens with animals’ hair.
D. By planting more bamboo.
()4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Learn from animals.
B. Value wonderful memories.
C. Think twice before taking action.
D. Keep trying and never give up.

六、1. C 【点拨】根据“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬改进笔的原因是原来的笔给他带来了很多麻烦。故选 C。
2. A 【点拨】根据文章内容可知，改进毛笔的顺序是：蒙恬打猎回家的路上想到新主意(e)→他把兔毛绑在棍子上(b)→因不好用把它扔进院子的石洞里(d)→雨后石洞里的特殊水洗掉了兔毛上的油脂(c)→毛笔能很好地写字了(a)。故选 A。
3. A 【点拨】根据“Today, students are taught to use brush pens in school. It helps them better understand Chinese culture.”可知，学生通过学会使用毛笔可以更好地理解中国文化。故选 A。
4. D 【点拨】根据“However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time.”以及整个故事的发展可知，我们可以从文章中学到的是：不断尝试，永不放弃。故选 D。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍毛笔改进历史的传统文化类阅读理解，解题时首先可以先浏览4道题干，标记每道题的核心提问关键词，再带着问题通读全文，将每个题干的提问点对应到原文的指定段落中定位答案：第1题询问蒙恬改进笔的原因，直接定位到原文第二段末尾找对应描述；第2题是事件排序题，需要逐个定位a到e五个事件在文中出现的先后位置，梳理出正确顺序；第3题询问学生更好理解中国文化的方式，定位到文章最后一段找对应内容；第4题是主旨感悟题，结合全文故事的核心脉络提炼出文章传递的道理即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段最后一句"But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it."，可知蒙恬想要改进笔是因为旧的笔给他带来了很多麻烦，对应选项C。
2. 信息排序题：梳理全文事件先后顺序：首先蒙恬打猎回家的路上想到了把兔毛绑在棍子上写字的新主意（e）→ 到家后他把兔毛绑到了棍子上尝试写字（b）→ 兔毛太滑不好用，他把这个半成品扔进了院子的石洞里（d）→ 几天后石洞里的特殊水清理掉了兔毛上的油脂（c）→ 改造后的毛笔可以流畅写字了（a），正确顺序为e-b-d-c-a，对应选项A。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文最后一段"Today, students are taught to use brush pens in school. It helps them better understand Chinese culture."，可知学生通过学习使用毛笔可以更好地理解中国文化，对应选项A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文讲述蒙恬改进毛笔的过程中遇到多次失败，但始终没有放弃、坚持尝试最终成功的故事，传递出“不断尝试、永不放弃”的道理，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位
事件顺序梳理
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题结合中国传统文化中文房四宝之一毛笔的发明改进故事命题，既考查了学生英语阅读理解的常规解题能力，又渗透了传统文化知识，其中信息排序的新考法要求学生梳理全文事件脉络，避免混淆事件先后顺序，多数学生只要细心回文定位就能选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8