【典例2】计算:
(1)$(-0.4) × (+25) × (-7)$;
(2)$(-3) × (-2) × (-\dfrac{1}{3})$;
(3)$(\dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{1}{9} - \dfrac{1}{12}) × 36$;
(4)$49\dfrac{24}{25} × (-5)$。
(1)$(-0.4) × (+25) × (-7)$;
(2)$(-3) × (-2) × (-\dfrac{1}{3})$;
(3)$(\dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{1}{9} - \dfrac{1}{12}) × 36$;
(4)$49\dfrac{24}{25} × (-5)$。
答案
(1)$(-0.4) × (+25) × (-7)$
$=(-0.4×25)×(-7)$
$=-10×(-7)$
$=70$;
(2)$(-3) × (-2) × (-\dfrac{1}{3})$
$=[(-3)×(-\dfrac{1}{3})]×(-2)$
$=1×(-2)$
$=-2$;
(3)$(\dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{1}{9} - \dfrac{1}{12}) × 36$
$=\dfrac{1}{6}×36-\dfrac{1}{9}×36-\dfrac{1}{12}×36$
$=6-4-3$
$=-1$;
(4)$49\dfrac{24}{25} × (-5)$
$=(50-\dfrac{1}{25})×(-5)$
$=-250+\dfrac{1}{5}$
$=-249\dfrac{4}{5}$。
$=(-0.4×25)×(-7)$
$=-10×(-7)$
$=70$;
(2)$(-3) × (-2) × (-\dfrac{1}{3})$
$=[(-3)×(-\dfrac{1}{3})]×(-2)$
$=1×(-2)$
$=-2$;
(3)$(\dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{1}{9} - \dfrac{1}{12}) × 36$
$=\dfrac{1}{6}×36-\dfrac{1}{9}×36-\dfrac{1}{12}×36$
$=6-4-3$
$=-1$;
(4)$49\dfrac{24}{25} × (-5)$
$=(50-\dfrac{1}{25})×(-5)$
$=-250+\dfrac{1}{5}$
$=-249\dfrac{4}{5}$。
1.(2025·石家庄期中)若$(-2024)×63=p$,则$(-2024)×62$的值可表示为(
A.$p-1$
B.$p+2024$
C.$p-2024$
D.$p+1$
B
)A.$p-1$
B.$p+2024$
C.$p-2024$
D.$p+1$
答案
1.B 因为$(-2\ 024)×63=p$,
所以$(-2\ 024)×62$
$=(-2\ 024)×(63-1)$
$=(-2\ 024)×63+(-2\ 024)×(-1)$
$=(-2\ 024)×63+2\ 024$
$=p+2\ 024$。
所以$(-2\ 024)×62$
$=(-2\ 024)×(63-1)$
$=(-2\ 024)×63+(-2\ 024)×(-1)$
$=(-2\ 024)×63+2\ 024$
$=p+2\ 024$。
2.(2025·珠海期中)计算:4×3.6×(-2.5)×5
=
=
-180
.答案
原式$=-(4×2.5)×(3.6×5)$
$=-10×18$
$=-180$.
答案:$-180$
$=-10×18$
$=-180$.
答案:$-180$
3. 运用乘法运算律进行简便运算.
(1) $(-2) × (-7) × (-25)$;
(2) $(-\frac{1}{6} + \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{12}) × (-48)$;
(3) $(-273) × (-4) + (+273) × (-7) - (+273) × (-3)$。
(1) $(-2) × (-7) × (-25)$;
(2) $(-\frac{1}{6} + \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{12}) × (-48)$;
(3) $(-273) × (-4) + (+273) × (-7) - (+273) × (-3)$。
答案
(1)$(-2) × (-7) × (-25)$
$=(-2)×(-25)×(-7)$
$=50×(-7)$
$=-350$;
(2)$(-\dfrac{1}{6} + \dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{1}{12}) × (-48)$
$=48×\dfrac{1}{6}-48×\dfrac{3}{4}+48×\dfrac{1}{12}$
$=8-36+4$
$=-28+4$
$=-24$;
(3)$(-273) × (-4) + (+273) × (-7) - (+273) × (-3)$
$=273×4-273×7+273×3$
$=273×(4-7+3)$
$=273×0$
$=0$。
$=(-2)×(-25)×(-7)$
$=50×(-7)$
$=-350$;
(2)$(-\dfrac{1}{6} + \dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{1}{12}) × (-48)$
$=48×\dfrac{1}{6}-48×\dfrac{3}{4}+48×\dfrac{1}{12}$
$=8-36+4$
$=-28+4$
$=-24$;
(3)$(-273) × (-4) + (+273) × (-7) - (+273) × (-3)$
$=273×4-273×7+273×3$
$=273×(4-7+3)$
$=273×0$
$=0$。
计算$(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4})×(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5})-(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5})×(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4})$时,若把$(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5})$与$(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4})$分别各看作一个整体,再利用分配律进行运算,可以大大简化难度。过程如下:
解:设$(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4})$为$A$,$(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5})$为$B$,则原式$=B(1+A)-A(1+B)=B+AB - A - AB = B - A = \frac{1}{5}$。请用上面方法计算:
(1)$(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6})×(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7})-(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7})×(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6})$。
(2)$(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n})(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n+1})-(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n+1})(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n})$。
解:设$(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4})$为$A$,$(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5})$为$B$,则原式$=B(1+A)-A(1+B)=B+AB - A - AB = B - A = \frac{1}{5}$。请用上面方法计算:
(1)$(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6})×(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7})-(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7})×(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6})$。
(2)$(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n})(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n+1})-(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n+1})(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\dots+\frac{1}{n})$。
答案
(1)设$(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6})$为$A$,$(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7})$为$B$,
原式$=(1+A)B-(1+B)A=B+AB - A - AB=B-A=\dfrac{1}{7}$;
(2)设$(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{n})$为$A$,$(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{n+1})$为$B$,
原式$=(1+A)B-(1+B)A=B+AB - A - AB=B-A=\dfrac{1}{n+1}$。
原式$=(1+A)B-(1+B)A=B+AB - A - AB=B-A=\dfrac{1}{7}$;
(2)设$(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{n})$为$A$,$(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{n+1})$为$B$,
原式$=(1+A)B-(1+B)A=B+AB - A - AB=B-A=\dfrac{1}{n+1}$。
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