二、阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:动物科普 语篇类型:说明文 词数:180 难度:★★☆
It's great to have a good sleep after a full day's work. Like people, animals also need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest.
Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. Sea otters(海獭) sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away.
Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks(金花鼠) sleep curling(蜷缩) into a ball. Their beds are leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat some food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.
High above the ground, monkeys find places in trees each evening before they sleep. Tall trees help keep monkeys safe during the night. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out next morning, it is ready for work.
1. What animals sleep with their eyes open?
A. Sea otters. B. Chipmunks. C. Bees. D. Fish.
2. What do we know about chipmunks?
A. They rest with their eyes open. B. They never curl into a ball when they sleep.
C. They wake up every two weeks in winter. D. They don't eat any food during the winter.
3. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. How do animals sleep? B. Why do animals move?
C. Where do animals live? D. What do animals feed on?

1. D 细节理解题。根据“Fish sleep with their eyes open.”可知，鱼睡觉的时候眼睛是睁着的。
2. C 推理判断题。根据“In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat some food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.”可知，在冬天，它们每两周醒来一次。
3. A 主旨大意题。本文介绍了动物的睡眠习性。
长难句解读
原句: Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea.
结构剖析:本句是含有that引导的定语从句的复合句。主句为Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants;从句that grow in the sea为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词plants。
翻译:海獭有时会睡在海里生长的植物丛中。

【分析】
做这三道题时，需先明确题型：第1、2题为细节理解题，第3题为主旨大意题。解题思路为：1. 针对细节题，根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，找到原句后匹配选项；2. 针对主旨题，梳理全文内容，概括核心话题，排除偏离主题的选项。
【解析】
1. 题干问哪种动物睡觉时眼睛睁着，定位到原文第二段“Fish sleep with their eyes open.”，可知是鱼，对应选项D。
2. 题干问关于金花鼠的信息，定位到原文第三段“In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat some food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.”，说明冬天它们每两周醒来一次，对应选项C。
3. 题干问文章主旨，全文分别介绍了鱼、海獭、金花鼠、猴子、蜜蜂等动物的睡眠方式，核心是“动物如何睡觉”，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍动物睡眠习性的说明文，题目设置以基础的细节理解和主旨概括为主，考查学生快速定位原文信息、归纳文章核心的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、任务型阅读。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:应急建议 语篇类型:说明文 词数:173 难度:★★☆
Have you ever seen a storm? Lots of things can happen when there is a storm. It can rain. The wind can blow(吹). The sky can be dark. And all the lights in your house can go out.
When all the lights go out, your house is dark. It is a problem because you cannot do certain things in the dark. You cannot read or write. It is hard to put on clothes. It is hard to feed your pet. It is hard to walk because you cannot see well.
When all the lights go out, you can wait until the storm goes away. Then the lights may go back on. But it is not interesting to wait and wait!
To make things better, it is a good idea to make the dark interesting. You can light candles. The fire on the candles will give the house light. Then you can play a game with your family. Maybe you can use the light to read. Or you can tell an interesting story.
根据短文内容,完成下列句子(每空一词),并回答第5题。
1. Lots of things can when there is a .
2. When all the lights go , your house is .
3. It is to walk because you cannot well.
4. To make things , it is a good idea to make the dark .
5. What can you do to make the dark fun when the lights go out during the storm?

1. happen; storm
2. out; dark
3. hard; see
4. better; interesting
5. We can light candles to get light, and then play games with the family, read by candlelight or tell interesting stories.(答案不唯一)

【分析】
本题为灾害防范主题的任务型阅读，解题思路为：1-4题是每空一词的填空题，需根据题干关键词定位原文对应句子，提取匹配词汇；第5题是细节问答题，需定位原文关于停电时让黑暗变有趣的建议，整合作答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段首句“Lots of things can happen when there is a storm.”，提取动词happen和名词storm，符合题干要求；
2. 定位原文第二段首句“When all the lights go out, your house is dark.”，提取短语go out和形容词dark，匹配题干；
3. 定位原文第二段末句“It is hard to walk because you cannot see well.”，提取形容词hard和动词see，对应题干；
4. 定位原文第四段首句“To make things better, it is a good idea to make the dark interesting.”，提取形容词比较级better和形容词interesting，符合题干；
5. 定位原文第四段关于让黑暗变有趣的建议：light candles, play games with family, read by candlelight, tell interesting stories，整合为完整句子作答。
【答案】
1. happen; storm
2. out; dark
3. hard; see
4. better; interesting
5. We can light candles to get light, and then play games with the family, read by candlelight or tell interesting stories.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、细节理解、词汇匹配
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题设置任务型阅读，考查学生从语篇中定位细节信息的能力，题型基础，需准确对应原文内容作答，适合巩固细节查找的解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.6