一、根据括号中的中文提示写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。
1. I used a soft （海绵）to clean the dirty table after dinner.
2. Our （肾）help remove waste from the blood and keep our bodies healthy.
3. Wearing a mask can help （阻止）harmful particles from entering the body.
4. This warehouse can （储存）up to 100 （吨）of grain for the winter.
5. The hunter set a （陷阱）to catch the wild animal, but it didn't work.
6. Smoking is known to （伤害）the （肺）, so we should avoid it.
7. Trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen; （因此）, they are important for the environment.
8. The play will （表演）an important role in teaching students about kindness.

1. sponge 2. kidneys 3. prevent 4. store; tons 5. trap 6. harm; lungs 7. therefore 8. act

【分析】
本题要求根据中文提示填写合适的英文单词，需结合句子的语法结构（如名词单复数、动词形式）和语境确定正确词汇。解题时，先理解每个句子的句意，对应中文提示的词义，同时注意单词的正确形式：如名词要考虑单复数（主语为复数、数词大于1时名词用复数），动词要注意时态（情态动词will、help后接动词原形），副词需符合语境逻辑。
【解析】
1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填单数名词，“海绵”对应英文sponge，故填sponge。
2. 主语是Our，谓语help为原形，说明主语是复数，“肾”的英文kidney复数形式为kidneys，故填kidneys。
3. 固定搭配help do sth（帮助做某事），需填动词原形，“阻止”对应prevent，故填prevent。
4. 第一空在情态动词can后，用动词原形“储存”store；第二空前有数词100，名词用复数，“吨”的英文ton复数为tons，故填store; tons。
5. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填单数名词，“陷阱”对应trap，故填trap。
6. 固定搭配be known to do sth，需填动词原形“伤害”harm；“肺”通常用复数lungs，故填harm; lungs。
7. 空格处需填副词表“因此”，对应therefore，故填therefore。
8. 固定搭配act an important role（扮演重要角色），will后接动词原形，“表演”对应act，故填act。
【答案】
1. sponge 2. kidneys 3. prevent 4. store; tons 5. trap 6. harm; lungs 7. therefore 8. act
【知识点】
单词拼写、名词单复数、动词形式
【点评】
本题为基础词汇考查题，侧重核心词汇的词义及句子中的正确形式运用，需学生掌握常见名词、动词、副词的拼写和基础语法规则，整体难度较低，是英语学习的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、根据短文内容，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整通顺。
Hongze Lake is in the west of Jiangsu Province. It is the fourth 1 (large) freshwater lake in China.
Hongze Lake has a long history. It was a small group of shallow lakes in the past, and known as Fuling Lake. In the Tang Dynasty, it 2 (get) the name Hongze Lake. As time went by, the small lake 3 (final) turned into Hongze Lake.
There are many 4 (kind) of fishes in Hongze Lake. Hongze Lake is also famous for 5 (it) plants. Reeds(芦苇) almost cover the whole lake here. And the large-area reeds may even prevent boats from 6 (get) through.
In the northwest of Hongze Lake, there is a nature reserve. It is National Nature Reserve of Hongze Lake Wetland. It was 7 (first) built on July 1st, 1985. The reserve has an area of 49,365 hectares(亩). It is the home to many birds. There 8 (be) swans, cranes and other national first-class and second-class(二级) rare and protected birds here. It offers these birds homes 9 (live). Every year, a lot of 10 (tour) come here to watch these birds and many wildlife lovers come to take photos.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. largest 2. got 3. finally 4. kinds 5. its 6. getting 7. first 8. are 9. to live 10. tourists

【分析】
本题为用所给单词正确形式填空的题型，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配完成变形：1. 由“the fourth”判断用形容词最高级；2. 根据“in the Tang Dynasty”的过去时间状语确定动词时态；3. 修饰动词需用副词；4. “many”后接名词复数；5. 修饰名词用形容词性物主代词；6. 依据固定搭配“prevent...from doing sth”变形；7. 结合固定表达“first built”确定形式；8. there be句型遵循就近原则；9. 不定式作定语修饰名词；10. “many”后接表示人的名词复数。
【解析】
1. “the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级”表示“第……最……”，故填largest；
2. “in the Tang Dynasty”是过去时间，用一般过去时，故填got；
3. 修饰动词turned需用副词，故填finally；
4. “many kinds of”是固定短语，意为“许多种类的”，故填kinds；
5. 修饰名词plants用形容词性物主代词，故填its；
6. 固定搭配“prevent...from doing sth”中，介词from后接动名词，故填getting；
7. “first built”表示“首次建立”，用序数词，故填first；
8. there be句型就近原则，主语swans为复数，be动词用are，故填are；
9. 不定式作定语修饰home，表用途，故填to live；
10. “many”后接名词复数，此处指游客，故填tourists。
【答案】
1. largest 2. got 3. finally 4. kinds 5. its 6. getting 7. first 8. are 9. to live 10. tourists
【知识点】
形容词最高级、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇变形与核心语法，涉及形容词最高级、一般过去时、固定搭配等知识点，难度适中，学生掌握基础语法规则即可完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.7