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Read the passage and complete the tasks(阅读短文并完成任务)★
The Tarim River, China's longest inland river, has recently drawn attention as the second phase of the 26th round of its ecological water diversion project started at Daxihaizi Reservoir in Xinjiang. Water rushed through the gates, flowing along channels across deserts, gobi, and natural poplar forests before reaching Lake Taitema, bringing life to southern Xinjiang.
Known as the "Mother River of Southern Xinjiang", the Tarim River originates from glaciers in the Tianshan and Karakoram Mountains. With a total length of 2,486 kilometres and a basin area of 1.02 million square kilometres, it has an annual runoff of nearly 40 billion cubic meters. Fed by 144 tributaries including the Yarkant, Hotan, and Aksu Rivers, it nourishes the world's largest poplar forest belt (about 15 million mu) and supports over 12 million people,irrigating more than 45 million mu of farmland.
However,since the 1950s,human activities and climate change have reduced water flow downstream. By the 1970s,about 400 kilometres of the lower reaches dried up, and Lake Taitema vanished. Vegetation like red willows and poplars died, while deserts advanced. Villages were abandoned,reflecting the crisis described by a local saying:"Flood control in the 50s,over-irrigation in the 60s... dried up in the 90s—what next?"
To save the river,China invested 10.7 billion yuan in the 1990s for comprehensive management. The State Council approved a restoration plan in 2001,and a river basin management bureau was set up in 2011 to unify water dispatch. Since 2000,over 10.2 billion cubic metres of ecological water has been released from Daxihaizi Reservoir. A "three-year rotation irrigation" system uses floodwater to feed poplar forests, while artificial canals and efficient irrigation technologies balance agricultural and ecological needs.
The efforts paid off. The groundwater level in the lower reaches rose by about 7 metres, with the number of plant species increasing from 17 to 46 and bird numbers up by 115%. Lake Taitema is now permanently filled,and 2,300 square kilometres of vegetation have recovered. The Tarim River now stands as a model for arid region management worldwide.
Task 1:Choose the best answer(选出最恰当的答案)
(
A. The natural decrease of glacier meltwater in the Tianshan Mountains.
B. Human activities and climate change.
C. The construction of too many reservoirs upstream.
D. The reduction of rainfall in southern Xinjiang.
(
A. Investing 10.7 billion yuan in comprehensive management in the 1990s.
B. Approving a restoration plan by the State Council in 2001.
C. Setting up a river basin management bureau in 2011.
D. Banning all agricultural irrigation in the Tarim Basin.
(
A. Destroys. B. Sustains and enriches.
C. Pollutes. D. Limits.
Task 2:Answer the questions(回答问题)
1. Why can the water diversion project bring life back to southern Xinjiang?
2. How does the local saying in Paragraph 3 reflect the ecological crisis of the Tarim River?
3. Why is the Tarim River regarded as a model for arid region management worldwide?
4. Continue the passage within 30 words to talk about future long-term protection of the Tarim River.
The Tarim River, China's longest inland river, has recently drawn attention as the second phase of the 26th round of its ecological water diversion project started at Daxihaizi Reservoir in Xinjiang. Water rushed through the gates, flowing along channels across deserts, gobi, and natural poplar forests before reaching Lake Taitema, bringing life to southern Xinjiang.
Known as the "Mother River of Southern Xinjiang", the Tarim River originates from glaciers in the Tianshan and Karakoram Mountains. With a total length of 2,486 kilometres and a basin area of 1.02 million square kilometres, it has an annual runoff of nearly 40 billion cubic meters. Fed by 144 tributaries including the Yarkant, Hotan, and Aksu Rivers, it nourishes the world's largest poplar forest belt (about 15 million mu) and supports over 12 million people,irrigating more than 45 million mu of farmland.
However,since the 1950s,human activities and climate change have reduced water flow downstream. By the 1970s,about 400 kilometres of the lower reaches dried up, and Lake Taitema vanished. Vegetation like red willows and poplars died, while deserts advanced. Villages were abandoned,reflecting the crisis described by a local saying:"Flood control in the 50s,over-irrigation in the 60s... dried up in the 90s—what next?"
To save the river,China invested 10.7 billion yuan in the 1990s for comprehensive management. The State Council approved a restoration plan in 2001,and a river basin management bureau was set up in 2011 to unify water dispatch. Since 2000,over 10.2 billion cubic metres of ecological water has been released from Daxihaizi Reservoir. A "three-year rotation irrigation" system uses floodwater to feed poplar forests, while artificial canals and efficient irrigation technologies balance agricultural and ecological needs.
The efforts paid off. The groundwater level in the lower reaches rose by about 7 metres, with the number of plant species increasing from 17 to 46 and bird numbers up by 115%. Lake Taitema is now permanently filled,and 2,300 square kilometres of vegetation have recovered. The Tarim River now stands as a model for arid region management worldwide.
Task 1:Choose the best answer(选出最恰当的答案)
(
B
)1. What is the main reason for the drying up of the Tarim River's lower reaches since the 1950s?A. The natural decrease of glacier meltwater in the Tianshan Mountains.
B. Human activities and climate change.
C. The construction of too many reservoirs upstream.
D. The reduction of rainfall in southern Xinjiang.
(
D
)2. Which of the following measures was NOT taken to save the Tarim River?A. Investing 10.7 billion yuan in comprehensive management in the 1990s.
B. Approving a restoration plan by the State Council in 2001.
C. Setting up a river basin management bureau in 2011.
D. Banning all agricultural irrigation in the Tarim Basin.
(
B
)3. What does the underlined word "nourishes" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Destroys. B. Sustains and enriches.
C. Pollutes. D. Limits.
Task 2:Answer the questions(回答问题)
1. Why can the water diversion project bring life back to southern Xinjiang?
Because water flows through deserts, gobi and forests, reaching dry lakes and reviving vegetation.
2. How does the local saying in Paragraph 3 reflect the ecological crisis of the Tarim River?
It records the river's changing conditions from flood control to drying up, showing worsening ecological damage.
3. Why is the Tarim River regarded as a model for arid region management worldwide?
Because its ecological restoration has achieved obvious and sustainable effects in an extremely arid area.
4. Continue the passage within 30 words to talk about future long-term protection of the Tarim River.
The local government will keep monitoring water resources and carry out long-term plans to keep the ecosystem healthy.
答案
Task 1:1. B 2. D 3. B
点拨:1题,文中第三段明确指出 since the 1950s,human activities and climate change have reduced water flow downstream,说明人类活动与气候变化是下游干涸的主要原因。
3题,nourishes所在句意为河流滋养胡杨林、供养人口、灌溉农田,与 sustains and enriches(维持,滋养,使丰饶)含义一致。
Task 2:1. Because water flows through deserts, gobi and forests, reaching dry lakes and reviving vegetation.
2. It records the river's changing conditions from flood control to drying up, showing worsening ecological damage.
3. Because its ecological restoration has achieved obvious and sustainable effects in an extremely arid area.
4. The local government will keep monitoring water resources and carry out long-term plans to keep the ecosystem healthy.
点拨:1题,文中第一段提到水流经沙漠、戈壁和胡杨林并抵达台特玛湖,为当地重新带来生机,这是生态输水工程的直接作用。
2题,这句谚语按年代顺序展现了塔里木河从防洪、过度灌溉到最终断流的过程,清晰体现出生态环境持续恶化。
3题,文章结尾指出,在干旱地区实现地下水位回升、植被恢复、湖泊重现等显著成果,因此成为全球干旱区治理典范。
点拨:1题,文中第三段明确指出 since the 1950s,human activities and climate change have reduced water flow downstream,说明人类活动与气候变化是下游干涸的主要原因。
3题,nourishes所在句意为河流滋养胡杨林、供养人口、灌溉农田,与 sustains and enriches(维持,滋养,使丰饶)含义一致。
Task 2:1. Because water flows through deserts, gobi and forests, reaching dry lakes and reviving vegetation.
2. It records the river's changing conditions from flood control to drying up, showing worsening ecological damage.
3. Because its ecological restoration has achieved obvious and sustainable effects in an extremely arid area.
4. The local government will keep monitoring water resources and carry out long-term plans to keep the ecosystem healthy.
点拨:1题,文中第一段提到水流经沙漠、戈壁和胡杨林并抵达台特玛湖,为当地重新带来生机,这是生态输水工程的直接作用。
2题,这句谚语按年代顺序展现了塔里木河从防洪、过度灌溉到最终断流的过程,清晰体现出生态环境持续恶化。
3题,文章结尾指出,在干旱地区实现地下水位回升、植被恢复、湖泊重现等显著成果,因此成为全球干旱区治理典范。
解析
【分析】
本题分为Task1（选择题）和Task2（问答题），解题思路如下：1. Task1选择题需根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，通过原文信息匹配选项，词义猜测题需结合上下文语境推断单词含义；2. Task2问答题需定位原文对应内容提炼关键信息，开放类题目结合文本主题合理拓展，答题需符合要求。
【解析】
Task1：1. 定位第三段第一句“since the 1950s,human activities and climate change have reduced water flow downstream”，匹配选项B；2. 定位第四段，A、B、C均为原文提及的措施，D选项“禁止所有农业灌溉”未提及，故选D；3. 结合第二段语境，nourishes对应“滋养、维持”，匹配选项B。Task2：1. 结合第一段输水抵达台特玛湖、恢复植被的作用提炼答案；2. 分析谚语按年代展现的生态恶化过程；3. 结合最后一段的生态修复成果提炼答案；4. 围绕未来水资源监测、长期规划等主题续写，控制在30词左右。
【答案】
Task 1:1. B 2. D 3. B
Task 2:1. Because water flows through deserts, gobi and forests, reaching dry lakes and reviving vegetation.
2. It records the river's changing conditions from flood control to drying up, showing worsening ecological damage.
3. Because its ecological restoration has achieved obvious and sustainable effects in an extremely arid area.
4. The local government will keep monitoring water resources and carry out long-term plans to keep the ecosystem healthy.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读综合任务题，融合细节查找、词义推断、文本概括与开放拓展，主题贴合生态环保，考查学生的信息处理与语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题分为Task1（选择题）和Task2（问答题），解题思路如下：1. Task1选择题需根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，通过原文信息匹配选项，词义猜测题需结合上下文语境推断单词含义；2. Task2问答题需定位原文对应内容提炼关键信息，开放类题目结合文本主题合理拓展，答题需符合要求。
【解析】
Task1：1. 定位第三段第一句“since the 1950s,human activities and climate change have reduced water flow downstream”，匹配选项B；2. 定位第四段，A、B、C均为原文提及的措施，D选项“禁止所有农业灌溉”未提及，故选D；3. 结合第二段语境，nourishes对应“滋养、维持”，匹配选项B。Task2：1. 结合第一段输水抵达台特玛湖、恢复植被的作用提炼答案；2. 分析谚语按年代展现的生态恶化过程；3. 结合最后一段的生态修复成果提炼答案；4. 围绕未来水资源监测、长期规划等主题续写，控制在30词左右。
【答案】
Task 1:1. B 2. D 3. B
Task 2:1. Because water flows through deserts, gobi and forests, reaching dry lakes and reviving vegetation.
2. It records the river's changing conditions from flood control to drying up, showing worsening ecological damage.
3. Because its ecological restoration has achieved obvious and sustainable effects in an extremely arid area.
4. The local government will keep monitoring water resources and carry out long-term plans to keep the ecosystem healthy.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读综合任务题，融合细节查找、词义推断、文本概括与开放拓展，主题贴合生态环保，考查学生的信息处理与语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
