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Ⅲ. Underline the mistakes in the sentences and correct them(划出句子中的错误并改正)
1. Toxic chemicals from the factory are pour into the river every day, killing large numbers of fish and aquatic plants.
2. Last year,a new law are made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers.
3. By the end of this year,all old coal-fired power plants will be replaced with clean energy facilities to reduce air pollution.
■4Over 500 tons of plastic waste will be collected from the beach,but much more remains buried under the sand.
■5The harmful gases that are released from vehicle exhausts have been proven to cause serious respiratory diseases in urban residents.
1. Toxic chemicals from the factory are pour into the river every day, killing large numbers of fish and aquatic plants.
Toxic chemicals from the factory are poured into the river every day,killing large numbers of fish and aquatic plants.
2. Last year,a new law are made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers.
Last year,a new law was made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers.
3. By the end of this year,all old coal-fired power plants will be replaced with clean energy facilities to reduce air pollution.
By the end of this year,all old coal-fired power plants will be replaced with clean energy facilities to reduce air pollution.
■4Over 500 tons of plastic waste will be collected from the beach,but much more remains buried under the sand.
Over 500 tons of plastic waste will be collected from the beach,but much more remains buried under the sand.
■5The harmful gases that are released from vehicle exhausts have been proven to cause serious respiratory diseases in urban residents.
The harmful gases that are released from vehicle exhausts have been proven to cause serious respiratory diseases in urban residents.
答案
Ⅲ. 1. Toxic chemicals from the factory are poured into the river every day,killing large numbers of fish and aquatic plants.
2. Last year,a new law was made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers.
3. By the end of this year,all old coal-fired power plants will be replaced with clean energy facilities to reduce air pollution.
4. Over 500 tons of plastic waste will be collected from the beach,but much more remains buried under the sand.
5. The harmful gases that are released from vehicle exhausts have been proven to cause serious respiratory diseases in urban residents.
2. Last year,a new law was made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers.
3. By the end of this year,all old coal-fired power plants will be replaced with clean energy facilities to reduce air pollution.
4. Over 500 tons of plastic waste will be collected from the beach,but much more remains buried under the sand.
5. The harmful gases that are released from vehicle exhausts have been proven to cause serious respiratory diseases in urban residents.
解析
【分析】
本题为英语语法改错题，需结合句子时态、主语与动词的语态关系判断错误。第1句主语toxic chemicals是动作pour的承受者，需用被动语态；第2句时间状语last year提示用一般过去时，主语a new law为单数，被动语态结构需正确；第3、4、5句时态和语态均符合语法规则，无错误。
【解析】
1. 第1句：主语toxic chemicals与动词pour为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态（are+过去分词），故将pour改为poured。
2. 第2句：时间状语last year表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语a new law为单数，be动词用was，故将are改为was。
3. 第3句：句子时态为一般将来时的被动语态，结构正确，无错误。
4. 第4句：句子时态和语态均符合语法，无错误。
5. 第5句：定语从句中被动语态结构正确，主句时态正确，无错误。
【答案】
Ⅲ. 1. Toxic chemicals from the factory are poured into the river every day,killing large numbers of fish and aquatic plants. 2. Last year,a new law was made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers. 3. 无错误 4. 无错误 5. 无错误
【知识点】
英语被动语态，一般过去时，一般现在时
【点评】
本题考查英语时态和被动语态的基础运用，是初中英语核心考点，要求学生掌握不同时间状语对应的时态及被动语态结构，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语语法改错题，需结合句子时态、主语与动词的语态关系判断错误。第1句主语toxic chemicals是动作pour的承受者，需用被动语态；第2句时间状语last year提示用一般过去时，主语a new law为单数，被动语态结构需正确；第3、4、5句时态和语态均符合语法规则，无错误。
【解析】
1. 第1句：主语toxic chemicals与动词pour为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态（are+过去分词），故将pour改为poured。
2. 第2句：时间状语last year表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语a new law为单数，be动词用was，故将are改为was。
3. 第3句：句子时态为一般将来时的被动语态，结构正确，无错误。
4. 第4句：句子时态和语态均符合语法，无错误。
5. 第5句：定语从句中被动语态结构正确，主句时态正确，无错误。
【答案】
Ⅲ. 1. Toxic chemicals from the factory are poured into the river every day,killing large numbers of fish and aquatic plants. 2. Last year,a new law was made to ban single-use plastics,but many shops still provide free plastic bags to customers. 3. 无错误 4. 无错误 5. 无错误
【知识点】
英语被动语态，一般过去时，一般现在时
【点评】
本题考查英语时态和被动语态的基础运用，是初中英语核心考点，要求学生掌握不同时间状语对应的时态及被动语态结构，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
Ⅳ. Complete the passage with the correct passive voice form of the verbs from the box. Each word can only be used once(用方框内动词的正确被动语态形式完成句子,每词限用一次)
compare solve include pollute reduce
In the late 20th century, the atmosphere around Beijing and northern China
When the data from recent years
Looking ahead, the stubborn ecological problems caused by desert expansion
1.
compare solve include pollute reduce
In the late 20th century, the atmosphere around Beijing and northern China
was polluted
1 by frequent sandstorms and dense dust in spring, which caused serious air quality decline and great trouble for transportation, agriculture and public health. To fight this long-term ecological crisis, a nationwide campaign against desertification was launched, and a series of ambitious environmental projects were carried out in arid and semi-arid regions.When the data from recent years
is compared
2 with records from the 1990s, a clear positive change can be observed. The comprehensive protection system against sandstorms is included
3 the Three-North Shelter Forest Programme, grassland conservation projects, and strict limitations on overgrazing and deforestation. Thanks to decades of persistent efforts, the intensity of sandstorm influence is reduced
4 significantly, yet more precise actions are still required for full ecological recovery.Looking ahead, the stubborn ecological problems caused by desert expansion
will be solved
5 step by step with innovative technologies and systematic management in the next decade.1.
was polluted
2. is compared
3. is included
4. is reduced
5. will be solved
答案
Ⅳ. 1. was polluted 2. is compared 3. is included 4. is reduced 5. will be solved
点拨:4题,主语 the intensity 是"被降低"的对象,用被动语态;陈述当前治理成果,用一般现在时;主语单数,故填 is reduced。
5题,由时间状语 in the next decade 确定时态为一般将来时;主语 problems 是"被解决"的对象,需用被动语态,故填 will be solved。
点拨:4题,主语 the intensity 是"被降低"的对象,用被动语态;陈述当前治理成果,用一般现在时;主语单数,故填 is reduced。
5题,由时间状语 in the next decade 确定时态为一般将来时;主语 problems 是"被解决"的对象,需用被动语态,故填 will be solved。
解析
【分析】
要完成本题，需结合句子的时间状语判断时态，再根据主语与动词的主被动关系，选用方框内动词的正确被动语态形式填空，且每词限用一次。具体步骤：1. 分析每个空的时间标志，确定所需时态；2. 判断主语是动作的执行者还是承受者，确定用被动语态；3. 结合对应时态的被动语态结构，匹配正确形式；4. 确保五个动词各用一次。
【解析】
1. 时间状语“in the late 20th century”表过去，主语“the atmosphere”是“pollute”的承受者，故用一般过去时被动语态，填was polluted。
2. 从句语境表当前常态，主语“the data”是“compare”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，填is compared。
3. 陈述客观事实，主语“The comprehensive protection system”是“include”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，填is included。
4. 语境表当前成果，主语“the intensity”是“reduce”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，填is reduced。
5. 时间状语“in the next decade”表将来，主语“the ecological problems”是“solve”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态，填will be solved。
【答案】
1. was polluted 2. is compared 3. is included 4. is reduced 5. will be solved
【知识点】
被动语态、时态的被动形式
【点评】
本题考查不同时态下被动语态的运用，需准确判断时态和主被动关系，属于基础语法题，学生需掌握被动语态的基本结构及时态搭配。
【难度系数】
0.5
要完成本题，需结合句子的时间状语判断时态，再根据主语与动词的主被动关系，选用方框内动词的正确被动语态形式填空，且每词限用一次。具体步骤：1. 分析每个空的时间标志，确定所需时态；2. 判断主语是动作的执行者还是承受者，确定用被动语态；3. 结合对应时态的被动语态结构，匹配正确形式；4. 确保五个动词各用一次。
【解析】
1. 时间状语“in the late 20th century”表过去，主语“the atmosphere”是“pollute”的承受者，故用一般过去时被动语态，填was polluted。
2. 从句语境表当前常态，主语“the data”是“compare”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，填is compared。
3. 陈述客观事实，主语“The comprehensive protection system”是“include”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，填is included。
4. 语境表当前成果，主语“the intensity”是“reduce”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，填is reduced。
5. 时间状语“in the next decade”表将来，主语“the ecological problems”是“solve”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态，填will be solved。
【答案】
1. was polluted 2. is compared 3. is included 4. is reduced 5. will be solved
【知识点】
被动语态、时态的被动形式
【点评】
本题考查不同时态下被动语态的运用，需准确判断时态和主被动关系，属于基础语法题，学生需掌握被动语态的基本结构及时态搭配。
【难度系数】
0.5
