Ⅳ. Complete the passage with proper words or the proper forms of the words given.
Rivers and lakes are 1. (dry) up or becoming too polluted to use, leaving about one-sixth of the world's population facing serious water 2. (short). Waste from factories, agricultural chemicals(化学药品), and untreated rubbish make water unsafe 3. both people and wildlife. 4. lakes get smaller and rivers run dry, fish die and crops fail. 5. (community) struggle to find clean water to drink.
But there are simple, clever ways to help. One useful invention is a low-cost water filter(过滤) system. This is 6. it works: First, dirty river water goes into the filter. Sand and carbon catch dirt and bad chemicals. 7. , the clean water passes through 8. small solar-powered UV light, which kills dangerous bacteria(细菌). Finally, safe drinking water flows out for people 9. (use). These filters are cheap to make and easy to set up in villages near polluted rivers.
Every small action 10. (matter). By using these filters and working together to reduce waste, we can keep our rivers and lakes clean and full of life for years to come.

1. drying 2. shortage 3. for 4. As 5. Communities 6. how 7. Next/Then 8. a 9. to use 10. matters

【分析】
本题为英语短文填空题，需结合语境、语法规则、固定搭配及词性转换确定每个空的正确形式。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，再逐句分析句子结构，判断所需词性、时态、语态等，结合上下文逻辑选择合适的词汇形式。例如第1空根据are和or becoming判断用现在分词构成现在进行时；第2空需名词作water的定语，用short的名词形式；第4空根据主从句逻辑选时间连词；第9空根据for sb to do结构确定非谓语形式等。
【解析】
1. 考查现在进行时，结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”，dry的现在分词为drying，故填drying；
2. 考查词性转换，short的名词形式为shortage，water shortage意为“水资源短缺”，故填shortage；
3. 考查介词搭配，固定结构be unsafe for表示“对……不安全”，故填for；
4. 考查连词，此处引导时间状语从句，表“随着”，故填As；
5. 考查名词复数，community为可数名词，此处泛指多个社区，用复数形式且句首大写，故填Communities；
6. 考查表语从句引导词，后文介绍过滤系统的工作方式，故填how；
7. 考查副词，承接上文的First，表“接下来”，故填Next/Then；
8. 考查冠词，泛指“一个小型太阳能紫外线灯”，small以辅音音素开头，故填a；
9. 考查非谓语动词，固定结构for sb to do sth作目的状语，故填to use；
10. 考查一般现在时主谓一致，主语Every small action为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填matters。
【答案】
1. drying 2. shortage 3. for 4. As 5. Communities 6. how 7. Next/Then 8. a 9. to use 10. matters
【知识点】
现在进行时、词性转换、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题为英语短文填空题型，综合考查基础语法（时态、主谓一致、非谓语动词）、词性转换及固定搭配，需学生结合语境分析句子成分，难度适中，注重基础知识的应用。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅴ. Read and choose the best answers.
Light pollution happens when too much artificial light(人造光) makes the night sky too bright. Picture this: you're trying to look at fireflies in a forest one night, but someone turns on a super-bright flashlight(手电筒), making it hard to see these tiny lights. That's a bit like what light pollution does to our view of the stars.
Light pollution is a problem for both humans and animals. The bright lights waste lots of energy, and they make it difficult for scientists to study the universe(宇宙). What's worse, light pollution makes animals like birds lose their way at night. Also, just like we need a dark room to sleep well at night, many animals
do too. A bright living place at night is bad for their health.
How can you help with light pollution? First of all, when you and your family use outdoor lights, you should keep the light from going up into the sky. And remember to turn off lights in your house when you don't need them. Every year, there's a Dark Sky Week in April. During this time, people all over the world take part in activities to learn about light pollution and how to protect the night sky. You can join them too! You can also talk to your friends, teachers, and family about light pollution. The more people know about it, the more they can help.
Everyone can play a big part in fighting light pollution. It sounds like a big problem, but you can make a real difference. The future is in your hand!
()1. How does the writer explain(解释) light pollution?
A. By telling a story.
B. By using a scientist's words.
C. By giving an example.
D. By answering some questions.
()2. What does the underlined word "waste" in the second paragraph mean?
A. To use all of something.
B. To use too much of something.
C. To give money to buy something.
D. To make something start working.
()3. How often do people celebrate Dark Sky Week?
A. Once a year.
B. Twice a year.
C. Every three months.
D. Once a month.
()4. What does the third paragraph talk about?
A. Ways to fight light pollution.
B. Activities causing light pollution.
C. People who can help with light pollution.
D. Reasons why we need to fight light pollution.
()5. Which of the following ideas might the writer agree with(同意)?
A. Bright lights help scientists see stars clearly.
B. Our small actions can really help solve light pollution.
C. Artificial light helps birds find their way home at night.
D. Light pollution is a big problem that few people can solve.

1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握光污染的相关内容，再逐题定位原文信息分析：
1. 第1题考查作者解释光污染的方式，需找第一段的举例内容；
2. 第2题考查词义猜测，需结合第二段语境理解“waste”的含义；
3. 第3题考查细节理解，需定位Dark Sky Week的时间频率；
4. 第4题考查段落主旨，需分析第三段的核心内容；
5. 第5题考查作者观点，需结合最后一段的表述判断。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段作者举了“看萤火虫时被强光手电筒干扰”的例子解释光污染，对应选项C；
2. 第2题：第二段“bright lights waste lots of energy”意为强光浪费大量能源，“waste”在此处指“用太多某物”，对应选项B；
3. 第3题：第三段明确提到“Every year, there's a Dark Sky Week in April”，即每年一次，对应选项A；
4. 第4题：第三段以“How can you help with light pollution?”开头，后续内容均为应对光污染的方法，对应选项A；
5. 第5题：最后一段“Everyone can play a big part...you can make a real difference”表明作者认为小行动能帮助解决光污染，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕光污染展开，考查学生对英语文章细节、词汇及主旨的理解，题型常规，需学生精准定位原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6