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阅读理解。
▶ "答案与解析"见 P14
One of the great secrets of all time is the story behind the ship the Mary Celeste. It was found drifting in the Atlantic Ocean in the late 19th century. Everything on the ship was in perfect order ... but there was nobody on board.
The Mary Celeste was discovered on 5th December, 1872. A sailor(水手) from another ship, the Dei Gratia, first noticed the Mary Celeste that day. The Mary Celeste was moving in an unusual way and seemed to be out of control. The sailor went to call the captain(船长) and together they watched the ship for some time, shouting to try to get the attention of all the sailors. But no one answered their calls. Finally, the captain of the Dei Gratia ordered some of his sailors to go and find out what was wrong. They climbed down into a small boat and went to the Mary Celeste.
What they discovered was incredible. The Mary Celeste seemed to be in almost perfect condition ... but there was no one on it. It seemed that all the sailors had left in a great hurry. A sailor from the Dei Gratia explained what he saw, "It was strange. The last note in the ship's diary was dated 25th November, 1872. They had left their shoes and clothes, but one of the boats was missing. There was still food on the tables, and a pot of tea in the galley. There was a lot of water below deck. All the cargo(货物) was still there."
So what was the story behind this strange ship? People are still searching for the secrets behind the wonder.
(素材来源:Learn Hot English)
1. What is true about the ship the Mary Celeste?
① There was nothing perfect on the ship. ② It was discovered on 5th December, 1872.
③ Nobody was on the ship. ④ It was hard for the captain to steer(驾驶) the ship.
A. ①②
B. ①④
C. ②④
D. ②③
2. The sailors from the Dei Gratia went to the Mary Celeste because
A. they heard a cry for help
B. nobody answered their calls
C. they needed some food and drink
D. they saw the ship was going down
3. What does the word "incredible" mean?
A. Unbelievable.
B. Important.
C. Funny.
D. Similar.
4. The sailors of the Mary Celeste had been away from the ship for about
A. five days
B. ten days
C. fifteen days
D. twenty days
5. 创新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
▶ "答案与解析"见 P14
One of the great secrets of all time is the story behind the ship the Mary Celeste. It was found drifting in the Atlantic Ocean in the late 19th century. Everything on the ship was in perfect order ... but there was nobody on board.
The Mary Celeste was discovered on 5th December, 1872. A sailor(水手) from another ship, the Dei Gratia, first noticed the Mary Celeste that day. The Mary Celeste was moving in an unusual way and seemed to be out of control. The sailor went to call the captain(船长) and together they watched the ship for some time, shouting to try to get the attention of all the sailors. But no one answered their calls. Finally, the captain of the Dei Gratia ordered some of his sailors to go and find out what was wrong. They climbed down into a small boat and went to the Mary Celeste.
What they discovered was incredible. The Mary Celeste seemed to be in almost perfect condition ... but there was no one on it. It seemed that all the sailors had left in a great hurry. A sailor from the Dei Gratia explained what he saw, "It was strange. The last note in the ship's diary was dated 25th November, 1872. They had left their shoes and clothes, but one of the boats was missing. There was still food on the tables, and a pot of tea in the galley. There was a lot of water below deck. All the cargo(货物) was still there."
So what was the story behind this strange ship? People are still searching for the secrets behind the wonder.
(素材来源:Learn Hot English)
1. What is true about the ship the Mary Celeste?
① There was nothing perfect on the ship. ② It was discovered on 5th December, 1872.
③ Nobody was on the ship. ④ It was hard for the captain to steer(驾驶) the ship.
A. ①②
B. ①④
C. ②④
D. ②③
2. The sailors from the Dei Gratia went to the Mary Celeste because
B
.A. they heard a cry for help
B. nobody answered their calls
C. they needed some food and drink
D. they saw the ship was going down
3. What does the word "incredible" mean?
A. Unbelievable.
B. Important.
C. Funny.
D. Similar.
4. The sailors of the Mary Celeste had been away from the ship for about
B
before the ship was discovered.A. five days
B. ten days
C. fifteen days
D. twenty days
5. 创新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
答案
1. D 细节理解题。由第一段中 but there was nobody on board 与第二段中“The Mary Celeste was discovered on 5th December, 1872.”可知，②③项符合文意。
2. B 细节理解题。由第二段中“But no one answered their calls. Finally, the captain of the Dei Gratia ordered some of his sailors to go and find out what was wrong.”可知，水手去“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”是因为没有听到回应。
3. A 词义猜测题。下文讲述“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”看起来几乎完好无损，餐桌上有食物，厨房里有一壶茶，甲板下面有很多水，并且货物都还在那里，但船上一个人也没有，这种场景令人难以置信。
4. B 推理判断题。第二段提及“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”于 1872 年 12 月 5 日被发现，第三段提及航海日志上的最后一条记录在 1872 年 11 月 25 日。由此可知，“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”的水手离船大约十天。
5. C 篇章结构题。第一段引出全文话题“有史以来最大的谜团之一”；第二、三段分别谈及水手发现“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”与“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”的状况；最后一段谈及人们仍在寻找谜团背后的秘密，与首段相呼应。由此可知，本文结构为①/②③/④。
2. B 细节理解题。由第二段中“But no one answered their calls. Finally, the captain of the Dei Gratia ordered some of his sailors to go and find out what was wrong.”可知，水手去“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”是因为没有听到回应。
3. A 词义猜测题。下文讲述“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”看起来几乎完好无损，餐桌上有食物，厨房里有一壶茶，甲板下面有很多水，并且货物都还在那里，但船上一个人也没有，这种场景令人难以置信。
4. B 推理判断题。第二段提及“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”于 1872 年 12 月 5 日被发现，第三段提及航海日志上的最后一条记录在 1872 年 11 月 25 日。由此可知，“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”的水手离船大约十天。
5. C 篇章结构题。第一段引出全文话题“有史以来最大的谜团之一”；第二、三段分别谈及水手发现“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”与“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”的状况；最后一段谈及人们仍在寻找谜团背后的秘密，与首段相呼应。由此可知，本文结构为①/②③/④。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：
1. 第1题是细节判断题，先把题干里的4个描述逐个回原文定位，和原文内容比对，排除错误表述就能选出正确项；
2. 第2题找出行动原因，直接定位到描述德·格拉蒂亚号水手决定登船的段落，找对应的因果逻辑句即可；
3. 第3题词义猜测，结合单词后面描述的反常场景：完好的船、留存的食物货物却空无一人，很容易推断出单词的含义；
4. 第4题时间推算，提取原文给出的两个关键日期，计算间隔天数就能得到结果；
5. 第5题篇章结构题，先逐段概括段落大意，判断段落之间的逻辑关系：首段引出话题，中间两段分别讲事件过程，尾段收尾呼应首段，对应总-分-总的结构，匹配对应的图示即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：原文第一段提到船上所有东西都井然有序，可知①表述错误；第一段明确说明船上没有任何人，③表述正确；第二段首句说明玛丽·塞勒斯特号1872年12月5日被发现，②表述正确；船失控是因为船上没有船员，并非船长难以驾驶该船，④表述错误。综上②③正确，选D。
2. 细节理解：第二段明确提到他们多次呼喊都没有得到任何回应，德·格拉蒂亚号的船长才下令让水手登船查看情况，对应选项B。
3. 词义猜测：登船后看到船只几乎完好，食物、货物全部留存，但是整船人员全部消失，完全不符合常理，这个场景是令人难以置信的，incredible含义和unbelievable一致，选A。
4. 推理判断：文中给出两个关键时间点，船只1872年12月5日被发现，航海日志最后记录的日期是1872年11月25日，计算两个日期的间隔约为10天，选B。
5. 篇章结构梳理：第1段总起，引出玛丽·塞勒斯特号的未解之谜核心话题；第2、3段分述，分别介绍发现该船的全过程、登船后看到的离奇场景；第4段收尾，说明至今人们仍在探寻这个谜团的真相，和首段呼应，整体是总-分-总结构，对应图示C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
细节理解，词义猜测，篇章结构
【点评】
这是一篇典型的叙事类说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最核心的题型，其中篇章结构的创新考法跳出了单纯考内容的局限，引导学生梳理行文逻辑，整体考点设置梯度合理，能有效考察学生的阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
拿到这篇阅读理解，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：
1. 第1题是细节判断题，先把题干里的4个描述逐个回原文定位，和原文内容比对，排除错误表述就能选出正确项；
2. 第2题找出行动原因，直接定位到描述德·格拉蒂亚号水手决定登船的段落，找对应的因果逻辑句即可；
3. 第3题词义猜测，结合单词后面描述的反常场景：完好的船、留存的食物货物却空无一人，很容易推断出单词的含义；
4. 第4题时间推算，提取原文给出的两个关键日期，计算间隔天数就能得到结果；
5. 第5题篇章结构题，先逐段概括段落大意，判断段落之间的逻辑关系：首段引出话题，中间两段分别讲事件过程，尾段收尾呼应首段，对应总-分-总的结构，匹配对应的图示即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：原文第一段提到船上所有东西都井然有序，可知①表述错误；第一段明确说明船上没有任何人，③表述正确；第二段首句说明玛丽·塞勒斯特号1872年12月5日被发现，②表述正确；船失控是因为船上没有船员，并非船长难以驾驶该船，④表述错误。综上②③正确，选D。
2. 细节理解：第二段明确提到他们多次呼喊都没有得到任何回应，德·格拉蒂亚号的船长才下令让水手登船查看情况，对应选项B。
3. 词义猜测：登船后看到船只几乎完好，食物、货物全部留存，但是整船人员全部消失，完全不符合常理，这个场景是令人难以置信的，incredible含义和unbelievable一致，选A。
4. 推理判断：文中给出两个关键时间点，船只1872年12月5日被发现，航海日志最后记录的日期是1872年11月25日，计算两个日期的间隔约为10天，选B。
5. 篇章结构梳理：第1段总起，引出玛丽·塞勒斯特号的未解之谜核心话题；第2、3段分述，分别介绍发现该船的全过程、登船后看到的离奇场景；第4段收尾，说明至今人们仍在探寻这个谜团的真相，和首段呼应，整体是总-分-总结构，对应图示C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
细节理解，词义猜测，篇章结构
【点评】
这是一篇典型的叙事类说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最核心的题型，其中篇章结构的创新考法跳出了单纯考内容的局限，引导学生梳理行文逻辑，整体考点设置梯度合理，能有效考察学生的阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
