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Ⅲ. 阅读理解(每小题2分,共16分)
A
新语篇 名著节选(2025·南京一模)When winter arrived, the porcupine(豪猪) looked for somewhere nice and warm to live. He ran into the woods, looking around for a place.
First, he came to a fallen tree trunk.
"This looks like a suitable place!" he said, spying a hole in its side.
But when he poked his head (探头) in, he heard "You can't stay here. It's our home, and breakfast, lunch and dinner!" said hundreds of tiny termites(白蚁). The porcupine apologized and backed away.
"Now where can I go?" he wondered.
Then he found a space under a thick bush that seemed to be protected from the wind, so he tried crawling(爬) in there.
"Hey!" hissed the lynx(猞猁), showing her sharp paws. "This is my place, and don't
Unit 8提优卷
you forget it!" The porcupine went away in a hurry—he didn't want any trouble. The poor porcupine was really getting worried. "I might freeze if I don't find somewhere to stay soon!" he said, his teeth chattering.
A snake overheard the porcupine and felt sorry for him. She poked her head out of her hole and said, "Would you like to stay here with me? My burrow(洞穴) is quite small, but I'm sure we can both fit!"
The porcupine was ever so thankful! He pushed his way into the snake's narrow home. "This is so nice!" he said."How kind of you to let me in!"
However, when the snake tried to get to sleep, she found it impossible to get into a comfortable position.
Twist and turn as she might, she was always getting hurt by the porcupine's spines(刺)...
"Can you move over a bit?" she asked. The porcupine tried, but it didn't help! They both spent an uneasy night in the little burrow and hardly slept at all! "I really wanted to help the poor porcupine," the snake thought, "but I wish I'd never invited him in."
The porcupine was feeling just as upset. When morning came, he cleared his throat and said, "I'm sorry that things are so uncomfortable, especially as you have been so kind. I think I have an idea, if you agree!"
The snake was still painful and tired from her sleepless night, so she just nodded. With his paws, the porcupine began scratching(刨) at the hole's walls.
As the snake watched in wonder, the porcupine dug out an extra room that was just
the right size for him.
"There you are!" he said in a satisfied voice. "Now there is plenty of room for both of us!"
The snake and the porcupine shared that burrow all winter. It was warmer with the two of them in it, and there was enough space for both animals to sleep comfortably.
The snake enjoyed the stories the porcupine told, and the porcupine was impressed by the snake's skills at finding food. Their unlikely friendship made winter less lonely for both of them.
"I'm glad I let you in!" the snake hissed. "It's really nice to share my home!"
1. 语言能力 分析能力 How did the snake's feelings change?
A. scared→helpless→curious
B. interested→nervous→calm
C. worried→thankful→pleased
D. sorry→uncomfortable→happy
2. Which sentence in the story shows the porcupine's return for the snake's kindness?
A. He pushed his way into the snake's narrow home.
B. He ran into the woods, looking around for a place.
C. The porcupine went away in a hurry—he didn't want any trouble.
D. With his paws, the porcupine began scratching at the hole's walls.
3. 语言能力 归纳能力 Which saying best expresses the theme of this story?
A. When we give, we receive.
B. Home is where the heart is.
C. A miss is as good as a mile.
D. Many hands make light work.
4. 新考法 创新设问 The snake and the porcupine can both stay safe and warm during winter. How is this like people and AI working together today according to the story?
A. They compete with each other in daily life.
B. They share what they have to help each other.
C. They learn from each other to solve problems.
D. They collect information to make good decisions.
A
新语篇 名著节选(2025·南京一模)When winter arrived, the porcupine(豪猪) looked for somewhere nice and warm to live. He ran into the woods, looking around for a place.
First, he came to a fallen tree trunk.
"This looks like a suitable place!" he said, spying a hole in its side.
But when he poked his head (探头) in, he heard "You can't stay here. It's our home, and breakfast, lunch and dinner!" said hundreds of tiny termites(白蚁). The porcupine apologized and backed away.
"Now where can I go?" he wondered.
Then he found a space under a thick bush that seemed to be protected from the wind, so he tried crawling(爬) in there.
"Hey!" hissed the lynx(猞猁), showing her sharp paws. "This is my place, and don't
Unit 8提优卷
you forget it!" The porcupine went away in a hurry—he didn't want any trouble. The poor porcupine was really getting worried. "I might freeze if I don't find somewhere to stay soon!" he said, his teeth chattering.
A snake overheard the porcupine and felt sorry for him. She poked her head out of her hole and said, "Would you like to stay here with me? My burrow(洞穴) is quite small, but I'm sure we can both fit!"
The porcupine was ever so thankful! He pushed his way into the snake's narrow home. "This is so nice!" he said."How kind of you to let me in!"
However, when the snake tried to get to sleep, she found it impossible to get into a comfortable position.
Twist and turn as she might, she was always getting hurt by the porcupine's spines(刺)...
"Can you move over a bit?" she asked. The porcupine tried, but it didn't help! They both spent an uneasy night in the little burrow and hardly slept at all! "I really wanted to help the poor porcupine," the snake thought, "but I wish I'd never invited him in."
The porcupine was feeling just as upset. When morning came, he cleared his throat and said, "I'm sorry that things are so uncomfortable, especially as you have been so kind. I think I have an idea, if you agree!"
The snake was still painful and tired from her sleepless night, so she just nodded. With his paws, the porcupine began scratching(刨) at the hole's walls.
As the snake watched in wonder, the porcupine dug out an extra room that was just
the right size for him.
"There you are!" he said in a satisfied voice. "Now there is plenty of room for both of us!"
The snake and the porcupine shared that burrow all winter. It was warmer with the two of them in it, and there was enough space for both animals to sleep comfortably.
The snake enjoyed the stories the porcupine told, and the porcupine was impressed by the snake's skills at finding food. Their unlikely friendship made winter less lonely for both of them.
"I'm glad I let you in!" the snake hissed. "It's really nice to share my home!"
1. 语言能力 分析能力 How did the snake's feelings change?
A. scared→helpless→curious
B. interested→nervous→calm
C. worried→thankful→pleased
D. sorry→uncomfortable→happy
2. Which sentence in the story shows the porcupine's return for the snake's kindness?
A. He pushed his way into the snake's narrow home.
B. He ran into the woods, looking around for a place.
C. The porcupine went away in a hurry—he didn't want any trouble.
D. With his paws, the porcupine began scratching at the hole's walls.
3. 语言能力 归纳能力 Which saying best expresses the theme of this story?
A. When we give, we receive.
B. Home is where the heart is.
C. A miss is as good as a mile.
D. Many hands make light work.
4. 新考法 创新设问 The snake and the porcupine can both stay safe and warm during winter. How is this like people and AI working together today according to the story?
A. They compete with each other in daily life.
B. They share what they have to help each other.
C. They learn from each other to solve problems.
D. They collect information to make good decisions.
答案
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇寓言故事,主要讲述了豪猪寻找住处无果后,被蛇邀请到洞穴居住,后来豪猪通过自己的努力挖出额外空间,让彼此都能舒适居住,体现了相互给予和帮助的主题。
1. D 解析:观点态度题。根据"A snake overheard the porcupine and felt sorry for him ... However, when the snake tried to get to sleep, she found it impossible to get into a comfortable position ..."和"'I'm glad I let you in!' the snake hissed."可知,蛇最初感到抱歉,后来因为豪猪的刺而感到不舒服,最后因为共同分享洞穴而感到高兴。所以蛇的情感变化是 sorry→uncomfortable→happy。故选 D。
2. D 解析:细节理解题。根据"With his paws, the porcupine began scratching at the hole's walls ... dug out an extra room that was just the right size for him."可知,豪猪用爪子刨洞穴的墙,挖出额外空间来回报蛇的善意。故选 D。
3. A 解析:主旨大意题。整个故事中蛇帮助豪猪,豪猪又回报蛇,体现了给予与收获的关系。"When we give, we receive."符合故事主题。故选 A。
4. B 解析:推理判断题。根据"The snake and the porcupine shared that burrow all winter. It was warmer with the two of them in it, and there was enough space for both animals to sleep comfortably."可知,蛇和豪猪通过分享资源来共同度过冬天,这与人类和 AI 通过合作来解决问题的情景相似。故选 B。
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇寓言故事,主要讲述了豪猪寻找住处无果后,被蛇邀请到洞穴居住,后来豪猪通过自己的努力挖出额外空间,让彼此都能舒适居住,体现了相互给予和帮助的主题。
1. D 解析:观点态度题。根据"A snake overheard the porcupine and felt sorry for him ... However, when the snake tried to get to sleep, she found it impossible to get into a comfortable position ..."和"'I'm glad I let you in!' the snake hissed."可知,蛇最初感到抱歉,后来因为豪猪的刺而感到不舒服,最后因为共同分享洞穴而感到高兴。所以蛇的情感变化是 sorry→uncomfortable→happy。故选 D。
2. D 解析:细节理解题。根据"With his paws, the porcupine began scratching at the hole's walls ... dug out an extra room that was just the right size for him."可知,豪猪用爪子刨洞穴的墙,挖出额外空间来回报蛇的善意。故选 D。
3. A 解析:主旨大意题。整个故事中蛇帮助豪猪,豪猪又回报蛇,体现了给予与收获的关系。"When we give, we receive."符合故事主题。故选 A。
4. B 解析:推理判断题。根据"The snake and the porcupine shared that burrow all winter. It was warmer with the two of them in it, and there was enough space for both animals to sleep comfortably."可知,蛇和豪猪通过分享资源来共同度过冬天,这与人类和 AI 通过合作来解决问题的情景相似。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先通读全文梳理故事脉络：寒冬里豪猪找不到合适的过冬住处，好心的蛇主动收留了他，二者挤在狭小洞穴里都住得很不舒服，最后豪猪主动刨出额外空间，整个冬天双方都能舒适共处，还收获了珍贵的友谊。接下来逐个解题：
1. 第一题是情感变化题，顺着故事时间线，定位所有和蛇的情绪相关的原文描述，逐一对应情绪节点，匹配选项即可。
2. 第二题是细节理解题，题干要求找出豪猪回报蛇善意的行为，定位到蛇收留豪猪之后，豪猪主动做出的、对双方都有利的举动，排除和回报无关的选项。
3. 第三题是主旨归纳题，梳理整个故事的核心逻辑：蛇付出善意收留豪猪，豪猪也付出劳动改造洞穴，最后双方都收获了温暖舒适的住处和友谊，对应符合这个逻辑的谚语即可。
4. 第四题是创新拓展题，结合故事里二者互相分享资源、各取所长互助过冬的设定，对应人和AI协作的共通点，选出匹配的选项。
【解析】
1. 情感变化推断：从原文找到三处对应蛇的情绪的内容：①蛇听到豪猪的难处"felt sorry for him"，主动邀请豪猪同住；②同住后蛇始终被豪猪的刺扎到，整夜无法安睡，十分不舒服；③最后二者舒适共处，蛇表示"I'm glad I let you in"，十分开心。情绪变化为sorry→uncomfortable→happy，对应D选项，其余选项的情绪节点均不符合原文描述，排除。
2. 细节理解：蛇好心收留了豪猪，豪猪为了回报这份善意，主动用爪子刨洞穴的内壁，挖出了额外的空间，让二者都能住得舒适，对应D选项。A是豪猪刚进洞的行为，B是豪猪一开始找住处的行为，C是豪猪从猞猁那里离开的行为，均不属于回报蛇善意的举动，排除。
3. 主旨大意：整个故事核心是蛇付出善意收留豪猪，最终也收获了更舒适的住处和友谊，体现了付出就会有所收获的道理，对应A选项"当我们付出时，我们也会得到回报"。B选项"家是心之所属"、C选项"差之毫厘谬以千里"、D选项"人多力量大"均不符合故事核心主旨，排除。
4. 推理判断：故事里蛇提供了自己的洞穴，豪猪发挥自己擅长刨土的能力改造空间，二者分享各自拥有的东西互相帮助，共同度过温暖的冬天，这和当下人与AI各自发挥优势、分享资源互助的协作模式一致，对应B选项。A的互相竞争、C的互相学习、D的收集信息做决策均不符合故事体现的协作逻辑，排除。
【答案】
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B
【知识点】
情感态度推断，细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于寓言类阅读理解，既覆盖了常规阅读题型对信息定位、主旨归纳能力的基础考查，还加入了联系现实生活的创新设问，贴合新中考的命题趋势，同时引导学生理解互助互惠的道理，渗透了情感态度价值观的引导。
【难度系数】
0.6
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先通读全文梳理故事脉络：寒冬里豪猪找不到合适的过冬住处，好心的蛇主动收留了他，二者挤在狭小洞穴里都住得很不舒服，最后豪猪主动刨出额外空间，整个冬天双方都能舒适共处，还收获了珍贵的友谊。接下来逐个解题：
1. 第一题是情感变化题，顺着故事时间线，定位所有和蛇的情绪相关的原文描述，逐一对应情绪节点，匹配选项即可。
2. 第二题是细节理解题，题干要求找出豪猪回报蛇善意的行为，定位到蛇收留豪猪之后，豪猪主动做出的、对双方都有利的举动，排除和回报无关的选项。
3. 第三题是主旨归纳题，梳理整个故事的核心逻辑：蛇付出善意收留豪猪，豪猪也付出劳动改造洞穴，最后双方都收获了温暖舒适的住处和友谊，对应符合这个逻辑的谚语即可。
4. 第四题是创新拓展题，结合故事里二者互相分享资源、各取所长互助过冬的设定，对应人和AI协作的共通点，选出匹配的选项。
【解析】
1. 情感变化推断：从原文找到三处对应蛇的情绪的内容：①蛇听到豪猪的难处"felt sorry for him"，主动邀请豪猪同住；②同住后蛇始终被豪猪的刺扎到，整夜无法安睡，十分不舒服；③最后二者舒适共处，蛇表示"I'm glad I let you in"，十分开心。情绪变化为sorry→uncomfortable→happy，对应D选项，其余选项的情绪节点均不符合原文描述，排除。
2. 细节理解：蛇好心收留了豪猪，豪猪为了回报这份善意，主动用爪子刨洞穴的内壁，挖出了额外的空间，让二者都能住得舒适，对应D选项。A是豪猪刚进洞的行为，B是豪猪一开始找住处的行为，C是豪猪从猞猁那里离开的行为，均不属于回报蛇善意的举动，排除。
3. 主旨大意：整个故事核心是蛇付出善意收留豪猪，最终也收获了更舒适的住处和友谊，体现了付出就会有所收获的道理，对应A选项"当我们付出时，我们也会得到回报"。B选项"家是心之所属"、C选项"差之毫厘谬以千里"、D选项"人多力量大"均不符合故事核心主旨，排除。
4. 推理判断：故事里蛇提供了自己的洞穴，豪猪发挥自己擅长刨土的能力改造空间，二者分享各自拥有的东西互相帮助，共同度过温暖的冬天，这和当下人与AI各自发挥优势、分享资源互助的协作模式一致，对应B选项。A的互相竞争、C的互相学习、D的收集信息做决策均不符合故事体现的协作逻辑，排除。
【答案】
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B
【知识点】
情感态度推断，细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于寓言类阅读理解，既覆盖了常规阅读题型对信息定位、主旨归纳能力的基础考查，还加入了联系现实生活的创新设问，贴合新中考的命题趋势，同时引导学生理解互助互惠的道理，渗透了情感态度价值观的引导。
【难度系数】
0.6
