Ⅳ. (2025·南通通州区期末)阅读理解
中国是礼仪之邦,餐桌礼仪有讲究。阅读下面短文,一起来了解一下中西餐桌文化差异及中国餐桌的基本礼仪吧!
China has long been known as a nation of rites. Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet.
As they say, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners.
One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is portion size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals, dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion while being served to you on large plates.
As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation. It's common to find communal chopsticks placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.
You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan. Besides efficiency purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It's impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.
As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round?
As a round table, the seat of honour is the one facing the door. The more important you are, the closer you sit to that seat. In a setting where there is no doorway—outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honour would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment, the table of honour is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door.
The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honour, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying "Chiba" which means "Please eat".
1. What should we do if we have meals in a public setting?
A. Bring your own chopsticks from home.
B. Use communal chopsticks to get food.
C. Use your own chopsticks to share food.
D. Share the food with others' chopsticks.
2. What does the underlined word "spin" in the passage mean?
A. Turn something around.
B. Pull something nearer.
C. Pick something up.
D. Move something away.
3. 中考新考法 推断段落大意 What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?
A. Why is the table round?
B. How can you find a seat?
C. Which is the honour seat?
D. Who is the most important?
4. 中考新考法 推断作者写作手法 How does the writer organize the article?
A. In time order.
B. From specific to general.
C. In space order.
D. From general to specific.

[文章大意]本文介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。
1. B [解析]细节理解题。根据"As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation(公共卫生). It's common to find communal chopsticks(公筷) placed with each dish."可知,如果我们在公共场所用餐,我们应该用公筷夹食物。故选B。
2. A [解析]词义猜测题。根据"It's impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food."可知,当有人想要夹起食物时,旋转桌子是不礼貌的,因此画线单词"spin"意为"转动"。故选A。
3. A [解析]段落大意题。根据"Besides efficiency(效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity(团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together."可知,这一段主要讲述"为什么桌子是圆的"。故选A。
4. D [解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章首段提出中国礼仪文化总体背景,后续段落分别详述餐桌礼仪的具体内容,整体结构从一般文化概念过渡到具体细节,选项D"从整体到细节"符合本文的写作方式。故选D。