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四、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每个小题的四个选项中，选出能回答所给问题或完成句子的最佳答案。
Huang Xuhua, a famous Chinese submarine(潜艇) designer, is known for his hard work, creativity and love for his country. His journey from a young boy in a small village to a top scientist in China is truly inspiring.
Huang Xuhua was born in a small village in Guangdong Province. When he was very young, China was going through many changes. Huang was always curious about the ocean and how things worked. He loved reading books and trying small experiments. Huang was especially good at math and physics. The two subjects helped him build a strong foundation for his future career. When he grew older, he wanted to learn medicine at first under the influence of his parents who were both doctors in his hometown. However, to save China, Huang got into one of China's best universities to study Naval Architecture. His university life was not easy, but Huang never gave up. He graduated with excellent grades in the end.
After graduation, Huang joined a research institute(机构) and focused on submarine design. There he faced many challenges, but he always kept strong-willed and put his shoulder to the wheel with other workmates. His efforts paid off in the end. China's first nuclear-powered submarine was independently developed and built without any help from other countries. This project was not only a big step in technology but also the key to guarding China's safety. Huang and his team worked day and night, even when things seemed impossible. His dream and love for our country kept him going on.
Huang's work has earned him many awards, including the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, one of China's highest honors. Although Huang achieved success, he remains humble(谦虚的). He often tells young people to stay curious, work hard, and never give up.
Huang Xuhua's story shows us how dreams and resolutions can lead to great achievements. He really sets a good example for all young people.
1. What was Huang Xuhua interested in when he was young?
A. Medicine.
B. Engineering.
C. Computer science.
D. Ocean science.
2. Which of the following words best describe Huang Xuhua?
A. Curious and strong-minded.
B. Strict and humorous.
C. Shy and creative.
D. Wealthy and famous.
3. What does the underlined part "put his shoulder to the wheel" mean?
A. Examining the submarine.
B. Leading the workmates.
C. Resting the body.
D. Sparing no effort.
4. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Huang's family life.
B. Huang's honor title.
C. Huang's achievement.
D. Huang's university life.
5. What is the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ...)
A. ①/②/③④⑤
B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②/③④⑤
阅读短文，从每个小题的四个选项中，选出能回答所给问题或完成句子的最佳答案。
Huang Xuhua, a famous Chinese submarine(潜艇) designer, is known for his hard work, creativity and love for his country. His journey from a young boy in a small village to a top scientist in China is truly inspiring.
Huang Xuhua was born in a small village in Guangdong Province. When he was very young, China was going through many changes. Huang was always curious about the ocean and how things worked. He loved reading books and trying small experiments. Huang was especially good at math and physics. The two subjects helped him build a strong foundation for his future career. When he grew older, he wanted to learn medicine at first under the influence of his parents who were both doctors in his hometown. However, to save China, Huang got into one of China's best universities to study Naval Architecture. His university life was not easy, but Huang never gave up. He graduated with excellent grades in the end.
After graduation, Huang joined a research institute(机构) and focused on submarine design. There he faced many challenges, but he always kept strong-willed and put his shoulder to the wheel with other workmates. His efforts paid off in the end. China's first nuclear-powered submarine was independently developed and built without any help from other countries. This project was not only a big step in technology but also the key to guarding China's safety. Huang and his team worked day and night, even when things seemed impossible. His dream and love for our country kept him going on.
Huang's work has earned him many awards, including the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, one of China's highest honors. Although Huang achieved success, he remains humble(谦虚的). He often tells young people to stay curious, work hard, and never give up.
Huang Xuhua's story shows us how dreams and resolutions can lead to great achievements. He really sets a good example for all young people.
1. What was Huang Xuhua interested in when he was young?
A. Medicine.
B. Engineering.
C. Computer science.
D. Ocean science.
2. Which of the following words best describe Huang Xuhua?
A. Curious and strong-minded.
B. Strict and humorous.
C. Shy and creative.
D. Wealthy and famous.
3. What does the underlined part "put his shoulder to the wheel" mean?
A. Examining the submarine.
B. Leading the workmates.
C. Resting the body.
D. Sparing no effort.
4. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Huang's family life.
B. Huang's honor title.
C. Huang's achievement.
D. Huang's university life.
5. What is the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ...)
A. ①/②/③④⑤
B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②/③④⑤
答案
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B
解析
【分析】
做本题需先通读全文把握人物主旨，再针对各小题问题，回到原文定位对应信息：细节题找原文原句匹配选项，词义题结合上下文语境推断，主旨题概括段落核心，结构题梳理段落逻辑关系，逐一排除错误选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Huang was always curious about the ocean and how things worked.”可知，黄旭华年轻时对海洋科学感兴趣，对应选项D。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Huang was always curious...”和第三段“he always kept strong-willed”可知，黄旭华具有好奇、意志坚定的特点，对应选项A。
3. 词义猜测题：结合第三段“faced many challenges, but he always kept strong-willed... with other workmates. His efforts paid off”可知，划线短语意为“不遗余力”，对应选项D。
4. 段落主旨题：第三段主要讲述黄旭华毕业后专注潜艇设计，成功研发中国首艘核潜艇，属于他的核心成就，对应选项C。
5. 文章结构题：第一段总起介绍黄旭华的身份与事迹；第二段讲他早年经历，第三、四段讲他的工作成就与荣誉；第五段总结全文，结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解；细节理解；词义猜测
【点评】
本题为人物传记类阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义推断、主旨概括及结构分析能力，需学生精准匹配题干与原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
做本题需先通读全文把握人物主旨，再针对各小题问题，回到原文定位对应信息：细节题找原文原句匹配选项，词义题结合上下文语境推断，主旨题概括段落核心，结构题梳理段落逻辑关系，逐一排除错误选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Huang was always curious about the ocean and how things worked.”可知，黄旭华年轻时对海洋科学感兴趣，对应选项D。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Huang was always curious...”和第三段“he always kept strong-willed”可知，黄旭华具有好奇、意志坚定的特点，对应选项A。
3. 词义猜测题：结合第三段“faced many challenges, but he always kept strong-willed... with other workmates. His efforts paid off”可知，划线短语意为“不遗余力”，对应选项D。
4. 段落主旨题：第三段主要讲述黄旭华毕业后专注潜艇设计，成功研发中国首艘核潜艇，属于他的核心成就，对应选项C。
5. 文章结构题：第一段总起介绍黄旭华的身份与事迹；第二段讲他早年经历，第三、四段讲他的工作成就与荣誉；第五段总结全文，结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解；细节理解；词义猜测
【点评】
本题为人物传记类阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义推断、主旨概括及结构分析能力，需学生精准匹配题干与原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
