完形填空 语言背后的文化
素养:文化意识 难度:中 用时:9分钟
[2025 青岛中考改编]Do you remember the useful sentences like "It's a piece of cake" or "It serves you right" in English learning? They carry more 1 than the words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful expressions like "drinking ink" and "An inch of time is worth an inch of gold".
"Drinking ink" is a common expression to show that a person is 2. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? In ancient times, those who 3 badly in the exam would be punished (惩罚) by drinking ink. Later, the punishment was stopped but the expression remained. Nowadays, it is 4 used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, "drinking 5 ink" means one has studied abroad. "Drinking little ink" means a low level of education.
"An inch of time is worth an inch of gold" means that an inch of time has the same 6 as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, "An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be bought 7 an inch of gold." In the past, time was measured (测量) by inches because people used the sundial (日晷) as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat and 8 plate on which time degrees are shown. As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the gnomon's (晷针的) shadow changes from long to short and short to long. This is 9 the sundial tells time.
Language cannot be separated (分离) from culture. Language learning can help us 10 understand the cultures behind the countries and communicate more with the people from different countries.
1. A. results B. chances C. meanings D. promises
2. A. expected B. educated C. remembered D. missed
3. A. performed B. planned C. guessed D. passed
4. A. quietly B. quickly C. widely D. suddenly
5. A. foreign B. dark C. pretty D. magic
6. A. size B. value C. effect D. shape
7. A. for B. from C. in D. with
8. A. long B. round C. square D. deep
9. A. where B. when C. why D. how
10. A. harder B. less C. better D. worse

【解题导语】 本文通过“喝墨水”和“一寸光阴一寸金”两个中文习语,讲述了语言背后的文化故事。
1. C 根据下文第二、三段对两个习语的解释可知,这些习语所承载的意义远不止于字面本身。故选C。
2. B 根据下文中的“Nowadays, it is 4 used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”并结合常识可知,“喝墨水”现在常用来描述人们接受教育的方式或教育水平。故选B。
3. A 根据空后的“badly in the exam”可知,此处指在考试中表现很差。故选A。
4. C 根据下文中的“used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”可知,widely“广泛地”符合题意。
5. A 根据空后的“one has studied abroad”并结合常识可知,“喝洋墨水”用于形容接受外国教育或出国留学。故选A。
6. B 根据习语“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”可知,该习语是说一寸光阴和一寸黄金有相同的价值。value“价值”符合题意。
7. D 根据空前的“be bought”可知,此处指“寸金难买寸光阴”。故选D。
8. B 根据空前的“It is made of”可知,此处是说日晷的构成。日晷通常由指针和圆盘组成,故round“圆的”符合题意。
9. D 根据上文中的“As the sun moves from rising to setting, the length of the gnomon's (晷针的) shadow changes from long to short and short to long”可知,此处描述的是日晷如何报时。故选D。
10. C 根据上文中的“Language cannot be separated (分离) from culture”可知,语言学习可以帮助我们更好地理解文化和交流。故选C。

【分析】
本题为完形填空，主题围绕语言背后的文化展开。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，明确语言与文化的关联；再结合上下文语境、词汇词义、固定搭配及文化常识，逐一分析每个空的选项，排除不符合语境的干扰项，选出最恰当的答案。例如第1题可通过下文对习语的解释判断词义，第2题结合后文教育相关内容推导选项，以此类推完成所有题目。
【解析】
1. 选C。根据下文对两个习语的解释可知，这些习语所承载的意义远不止于字面本身，故选C。
2. 选B。根据下文中“Nowadays, it is 4 used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”及常识，“喝墨水”常用来描述教育相关情况，故选B。
3. 选A。空后“badly in the exam”表示“考试中表现差”，对应固定搭配“perform badly in the exam”，故选A。
4. 选C。根据后文描述“used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”，可知该表达被广泛使用，故选C。
5. 选A。空后“one has studied abroad”表示“出国留学”，对应“foreign ink”（喝洋墨水），故选A。
6. 选B。习语“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”意为一寸光阴和一寸黄金有相同的价值，故选B。
7. 选D。此处表达“寸金难买寸光阴”，“be bought with”表示“用……购买”，符合语境，故选D。
8. 选B。根据常识，日晷由指针和圆盘组成，“round（圆的）”符合其结构特征，故选B。
9. 选D。上文描述了日晷晷针影子的变化规律，说明这是日晷报时的方式，故选D。
10. 选C。根据前文“Language cannot be separated from culture”，语言学习能帮助我们更好地理解文化，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.C
【知识点】
完形填空、词义辨析、文化常识
【点评】
本题为中考改编题，围绕语言与文化的主题，考查学生的语境理解、词汇运用及文化常识，难度中等，需结合上下文和相关常识解题，有助于提升学生的文化意识。
【难度系数】
0.5