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Ⅳ.语法填空
情境素材
「2026辽宁沈阳铁西期中」
阿基米德的故事
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
A long time ago in ancient Greece, there lived a smart scientist named Archimedes. He was interested in numbers, shapes and how 16 (thing) worked. People from near and far often turned to him with problems. Archimedes always surprised them with clever answers.
One day, King Hiero asked for his help. The king had ordered a crown maker 17 (make) a golden crown. Though the crown looked perfect, some people doubted whether it was purely (完全) golden. The king began to worry. Had the crown maker 18 (secret) mixed in some cheap silver? “I must know the truth,” he said to Archimedes, “but you must not break my crown.”
Taking the crown, Archimedes started to work. Archimedes thought about the problem day and night. One afternoon, as he 19 (step) into his bath, he saw the water rise and run over the sides. Suddenly, he had 20 idea! Shouting “Eureka!” he rushed out.
Archimedes quickly set up his experiment. He filled two pots 21 water, putting them into two big bowls. He asked the king for gold that had the same 22 (weigh) as the crown 23 put it into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. He then put the crown into the other pot. However, this time more water ran into the bowl, proving the crown was not completely 24 (make) of gold. Thanks to Archimedes’ sharp mind and a warm bath, the answer 25 (find) at last!
16.
21.
情境素材
「2026辽宁沈阳铁西期中」
阿基米德的故事
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
A long time ago in ancient Greece, there lived a smart scientist named Archimedes. He was interested in numbers, shapes and how 16 (thing) worked. People from near and far often turned to him with problems. Archimedes always surprised them with clever answers.
One day, King Hiero asked for his help. The king had ordered a crown maker 17 (make) a golden crown. Though the crown looked perfect, some people doubted whether it was purely (完全) golden. The king began to worry. Had the crown maker 18 (secret) mixed in some cheap silver? “I must know the truth,” he said to Archimedes, “but you must not break my crown.”
Taking the crown, Archimedes started to work. Archimedes thought about the problem day and night. One afternoon, as he 19 (step) into his bath, he saw the water rise and run over the sides. Suddenly, he had 20 idea! Shouting “Eureka!” he rushed out.
Archimedes quickly set up his experiment. He filled two pots 21 water, putting them into two big bowls. He asked the king for gold that had the same 22 (weigh) as the crown 23 put it into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. He then put the crown into the other pot. However, this time more water ran into the bowl, proving the crown was not completely 24 (make) of gold. Thanks to Archimedes’ sharp mind and a warm bath, the answer 25 (find) at last!
16.
things
17. to make
18. secretly
19. stepped
20. an
21.
with
22. weight
23. and
24. made
25. was found
答案
16.things 此处泛指“事物”,thing作可数名词,其前无限定词,应用复数形式。故填things。
17.to make order sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“命令某人做某事”。故填to make。
18.secretly 根据“mixed in”可知,此处需用副词修饰动词短语,“secret”的副词形式是“secretly”。故填secretly。
19.stepped 句意:一天下午,当他走进浴缸时,他看到水上升并溢出边缘。此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,“step”的过去式是“stepped”。故填stepped。
20.an 句意:突然,他有了一个主意!“idea”是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数形式,此处需用不定冠词“an”表示“一个”。故填an。
21.with “fill…with…”是固定搭配,意为“用……装满……”。故填with。
22.weight 根据“the same…”可知,此处需用名词,“weigh”的名词形式是“weight”,“the same weight as”表示“和……重量相同”。故填weight。
23.and 根据“asked the king for gold…put it into one pot”可知,前后动作是顺承关系,应用连词“and”连接两个动作。故填and。
24.made 根据语境可知,此处表示“不完全是用金子做的”,应用词组be made of。故填made。
25.was found 根据“the answer…”可知,主语“the answer”和“find”是被动关系,且描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was found。
17.to make order sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“命令某人做某事”。故填to make。
18.secretly 根据“mixed in”可知,此处需用副词修饰动词短语,“secret”的副词形式是“secretly”。故填secretly。
19.stepped 句意:一天下午,当他走进浴缸时,他看到水上升并溢出边缘。此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,“step”的过去式是“stepped”。故填stepped。
20.an 句意:突然,他有了一个主意!“idea”是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数形式,此处需用不定冠词“an”表示“一个”。故填an。
21.with “fill…with…”是固定搭配,意为“用……装满……”。故填with。
22.weight 根据“the same…”可知,此处需用名词,“weigh”的名词形式是“weight”,“the same weight as”表示“和……重量相同”。故填weight。
23.and 根据“asked the king for gold…put it into one pot”可知,前后动作是顺承关系,应用连词“and”连接两个动作。故填and。
24.made 根据语境可知,此处表示“不完全是用金子做的”,应用词组be made of。故填made。
25.was found 根据“the answer…”可知,主语“the answer”和“find”是被动关系,且描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was found。
解析
【分析】
做语法填空时，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配逐一分析每个空：16题根据泛指事物及thing的可数性判断复数；17题考固定搭配order sb. to do sth.；18题需副词修饰动词短语；19题描述过去动作用一般过去时；20题idea以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；21题考固定搭配fill...with...；22题the same后接名词，需转换词性；23题前后动作顺承用连词and；24题考固定搭配be made of；25题主语与find是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态。
【解析】
16. 此处泛指各类事物，thing是可数名词，前面无定冠词等限定词，需用复数形式，故填things。
17. 固定搭配order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”，此处需用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to make。
18. 空处修饰动词短语mixed in，需用副词，形容词secret的副词形式是secretly，故填secretly。
19. 此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，step的过去式是stepped，故填stepped。
20. idea是可数名词单数，且以元音音素开头，此处表示“一个主意”，用不定冠词an，故填an。
21. 固定搭配fill...with...意为“用……装满……”，故填with。
22. the same后需接名词，动词weigh的名词形式是weight，故填weight。
23. 前后两个动作“向国王要金子”和“把金子放进一个罐里”是顺承关系，用连词and连接，故填and。
24. 固定搭配be made of意为“由……制成”，此处表示王冠不完全由金子制成，故填made。
25. 主语the answer与动词find是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是单数，故填was found。
【答案】
16.things 17.to make 18.secretly 19.stepped 20.an 21.with 22.weight 23.and 24.made 25.was found
【知识点】
固定搭配、词性转换、时态语态
【点评】
本题围绕阿基米德的故事考查语法填空，涉及名词的数、非谓语动词、副词、冠词、介词、连词、被动语态等基础语法点，侧重对核心语法规则和固定搭配的运用，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
做语法填空时，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配逐一分析每个空：16题根据泛指事物及thing的可数性判断复数；17题考固定搭配order sb. to do sth.；18题需副词修饰动词短语；19题描述过去动作用一般过去时；20题idea以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；21题考固定搭配fill...with...；22题the same后接名词，需转换词性；23题前后动作顺承用连词and；24题考固定搭配be made of；25题主语与find是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态。
【解析】
16. 此处泛指各类事物，thing是可数名词，前面无定冠词等限定词，需用复数形式，故填things。
17. 固定搭配order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”，此处需用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to make。
18. 空处修饰动词短语mixed in，需用副词，形容词secret的副词形式是secretly，故填secretly。
19. 此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，step的过去式是stepped，故填stepped。
20. idea是可数名词单数，且以元音音素开头，此处表示“一个主意”，用不定冠词an，故填an。
21. 固定搭配fill...with...意为“用……装满……”，故填with。
22. the same后需接名词，动词weigh的名词形式是weight，故填weight。
23. 前后两个动作“向国王要金子”和“把金子放进一个罐里”是顺承关系，用连词and连接，故填and。
24. 固定搭配be made of意为“由……制成”，此处表示王冠不完全由金子制成，故填made。
25. 主语the answer与动词find是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是单数，故填was found。
【答案】
16.things 17.to make 18.secretly 19.stepped 20.an 21.with 22.weight 23.and 24.made 25.was found
【知识点】
固定搭配、词性转换、时态语态
【点评】
本题围绕阿基米德的故事考查语法填空，涉及名词的数、非谓语动词、副词、冠词、介词、连词、被动语态等基础语法点，侧重对核心语法规则和固定搭配的运用，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
