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Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式或根据首字母提示填空
1.Unluckily, all the artworks were p
2.The f
3.Despite his
4.—Seriously, I didn't do anything.
—Stop f
5.The castle(城堡) was so f
1.Unluckily, all the artworks were p
roved
to be fakes(赝品).2.The f
ancy
fireworks are popular with children.3.Despite his
ignorance
(ignore), he is really innocent and kind.4.—Seriously, I didn't do anything.
—Stop f
ooling
me! You liar!5.The castle(城堡) was so f
irm
that the enemies could not occupy it.答案
1.proved 2.fancy 3.ignorance 4.fooling 5.firm
解析
【分析】
本题为词汇运用填空题，需结合句子语境、词性规则及固定搭配解题。解题时先通读句子理解句意，再根据空格在句中的成分确定所需词性，结合首字母提示或所给词的适当形式要求，选择正确的单词形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：不幸的是，所有艺术品都被证明是赝品。固定搭配prove to be表示“证明是”，此处为被动语态（were+过去分词），结合首字母p，填proved。
2. 句意：精致的烟花受孩子们欢迎。空格修饰名词fireworks需用形容词，结合首字母f，fancy（精致的）符合语境，填fancy。
3. 句意：尽管他无知，但他天真善良。所给词ignore为动词，空格前是形容词性物主代词his，需接名词，ignore的名词形式为ignorance（无知），填ignorance。
4. 句意：——说真的，我没做任何事。——别愚弄我！你这个骗子！固定搭配stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”，结合语境及首字母f，填fooling。
5. 句意：城堡如此坚固，敌人无法占领。so+形容词+that表示“如此…以至于”，结合首字母f，firm（坚固的）符合语境，填firm。
【答案】
1.proved 2.fancy 3.ignorance 4.fooling 5.firm
【知识点】
词汇适当形式转换、形容词用法、名词用法
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的灵活运用，涉及词性变化、固定搭配及语境理解，是英语学习中的常见基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为词汇运用填空题，需结合句子语境、词性规则及固定搭配解题。解题时先通读句子理解句意，再根据空格在句中的成分确定所需词性，结合首字母提示或所给词的适当形式要求，选择正确的单词形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：不幸的是，所有艺术品都被证明是赝品。固定搭配prove to be表示“证明是”，此处为被动语态（were+过去分词），结合首字母p，填proved。
2. 句意：精致的烟花受孩子们欢迎。空格修饰名词fireworks需用形容词，结合首字母f，fancy（精致的）符合语境，填fancy。
3. 句意：尽管他无知，但他天真善良。所给词ignore为动词，空格前是形容词性物主代词his，需接名词，ignore的名词形式为ignorance（无知），填ignorance。
4. 句意：——说真的，我没做任何事。——别愚弄我！你这个骗子！固定搭配stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”，结合语境及首字母f，填fooling。
5. 句意：城堡如此坚固，敌人无法占领。so+形容词+that表示“如此…以至于”，结合首字母f，firm（坚固的）符合语境，填firm。
【答案】
1.proved 2.fancy 3.ignorance 4.fooling 5.firm
【知识点】
词汇适当形式转换、形容词用法、名词用法
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的灵活运用，涉及词性变化、固定搭配及语境理解，是英语学习中的常见基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
6.每次我离开家,我的母亲都在我的背包里装满食物。
Each time I leave home, my mother
7.汤太多了,都溢出来了。
There is too much soup and it
8.我的老师对于我的进步感到满意。
My teacher
9.一出校门,玲玲就直奔公园。
Lingling
10.避雷针由本杰明·富兰克林发明。
The
6.每次我离开家,我的母亲都在我的背包里装满食物。
Each time I leave home, my mother
fills
my bag with
food.7.汤太多了,都溢出来了。
There is too much soup and it
runs
over
.8.我的老师对于我的进步感到满意。
My teacher
is
satisfied
with
my progress.9.一出校门,玲玲就直奔公园。
Lingling
went
straight
to
the park as soon as she got out of the school gate.10.避雷针由本杰明·富兰克林发明。
The
lightning
rod
was invented by Benjamin Franklin.答案
6.fills;with 7.runs over 8.is satisfied with 9.went straight to 10.lightning rod
解析
【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思完成英语句子的基础题型，解题思路是：先根据汉语含义找到对应的英语固定表达，再结合句子的时态、主语的单复数等语法规则调整单词形式，确保每空一词，符合题目要求。
【解析】
6. “装满”对应固定搭配fill...with，主语my mother是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，故填fills;with。
7. “溢出”对应固定短语run over，主语it是第三人称单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故填runs over。
8. “对……感到满意”对应固定搭配be satisfied with，主语my teacher是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，be动词用is，故填is satisfied with。
9. “直奔”对应固定短语go straight to，从句got为过去式，主句需用一般过去时，故填went straight to。
10. “避雷针”对应的英文名词短语为lightning rod，故填lightning rod。
【答案】
6.fills;with 7.runs over 8.is satisfied with 9.went straight to 10.lightning rod
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，动词时态，名词短语
【点评】
本题考查初中英语常用固定搭配、动词时态及名词短语的基础运用，需学生平时积累常见短语并掌握基本语法规则，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3
本题为根据汉语意思完成英语句子的基础题型，解题思路是：先根据汉语含义找到对应的英语固定表达，再结合句子的时态、主语的单复数等语法规则调整单词形式，确保每空一词，符合题目要求。
【解析】
6. “装满”对应固定搭配fill...with，主语my mother是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，故填fills;with。
7. “溢出”对应固定短语run over，主语it是第三人称单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故填runs over。
8. “对……感到满意”对应固定搭配be satisfied with，主语my teacher是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，be动词用is，故填is satisfied with。
9. “直奔”对应固定短语go straight to，从句got为过去式，主句需用一般过去时，故填went straight to。
10. “避雷针”对应的英文名词短语为lightning rod，故填lightning rod。
【答案】
6.fills;with 7.runs over 8.is satisfied with 9.went straight to 10.lightning rod
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，动词时态，名词短语
【点评】
本题考查初中英语常用固定搭配、动词时态及名词短语的基础运用，需学生平时积累常见短语并掌握基本语法规则，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3
Ⅲ.阅读理解
「情境素材 时间膨胀」「2026广东深圳宝安中学期中改编」
Have you heard the old saying “Celestial（天
上的）hours, earthly years”? Let me tell you a magical story about twins. Suppose Lucy flies in a super-fast rocket while her twin sister Lily stays on Earth. According to Einstein’s relativity, when Lucy turns around and returns, her path breaks the symmetry(对称). The result is real, physical time dilation(膨胀)—Lucy ends up truly younger than Lily. So we can say that time slows down when you move super fast.
Of course, time moves a little slower or faster depending on the speed or Earth’s gravity (引力). But the effects are too tiny to notice in our daily life. For example, if you drive very fast, like 100 km/h, time slows by about 0.00000000014 seconds per hour. You’d never feelit ! A pilot who flew for 40 years, ages 0.0004 seconds slower than someone on Earth. Still too small!
Scientists proved the time dilation with atomic clocks (原子钟). They put two atomic clocks on two planes flying eastward and westward respectively, and compared them with the clocks placed at the US Naval Observatory. After the trip, the flying clocks were a tiny bit different from the ones not flying—just tens or hundreds of nanoseconds(纳秒)! Even though the differences were really tiny, this mattered a lot for technology.
Your phone’s GPS uses this secret! Satellites (人造卫星) high above Earth face two “time tricks”: They move super fast (about 14,000 km/h), making their clocks slow down by 7 microseconds daily. Being far from Earth’s gravity makes their clocks speed up by 45 microseconds daily.
初中英语
九年级上册
沪教牛津版
Engineers subtract（减去）these numbers and fix satellite clocks by 38 microseconds daily. Without this, GPS would guide you wrong by about 10 km every day—that’s a lot and you might drive into a lake instead of your school! So next time you use a map app, ★.
11. Why is the old saying mentioned at the beginning of the passage?
A.To tell us different ways of seeing time.
B.To explain the point about stars and space.
C.To compare it to new technology and time.
D.To introduce the theme of the reading material.
12.特色 考法 代词指代题 What does “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The time dilation. B.The Earth’s gravity.
C.The space trip. D.Our daily life.
13.特色 考法 观点态度题 What is the writer’s attitude towards the tiny effect in paragraph 3?
A.He is anxious about it.
B.He takes it seriously.
C.He is so crazy about it.
D.He doesn’t care about it.
14.特色 考法 图文转换题 Which of the following is affected by the time dilation?
A.
B.
C. D.
15.特色 考法 信息还原题 Which of the following can be put in “★”?
A.avoid moving a little slower or faster depending on the speed
B.keep testing the time with two special and same clocks
C.remember to thank those hardworking satellites racing against time in space
D.learn to subtract these numbers and fix satellite clocks by 38 microseconds daily
「情境素材 时间膨胀」「2026广东深圳宝安中学期中改编」
Have you heard the old saying “Celestial（天
上的）hours, earthly years”? Let me tell you a magical story about twins. Suppose Lucy flies in a super-fast rocket while her twin sister Lily stays on Earth. According to Einstein’s relativity, when Lucy turns around and returns, her path breaks the symmetry(对称). The result is real, physical time dilation(膨胀)—Lucy ends up truly younger than Lily. So we can say that time slows down when you move super fast.
Of course, time moves a little slower or faster depending on the speed or Earth’s gravity (引力). But the effects are too tiny to notice in our daily life. For example, if you drive very fast, like 100 km/h, time slows by about 0.00000000014 seconds per hour. You’d never feel
Scientists proved the time dilation with atomic clocks (原子钟). They put two atomic clocks on two planes flying eastward and westward respectively, and compared them with the clocks placed at the US Naval Observatory. After the trip, the flying clocks were a tiny bit different from the ones not flying—just tens or hundreds of nanoseconds(纳秒)! Even though the differences were really tiny, this mattered a lot for technology.
Your phone’s GPS uses this secret! Satellites (人造卫星) high above Earth face two “time tricks”: They move super fast (about 14,000 km/h), making their clocks slow down by 7 microseconds daily. Being far from Earth’s gravity makes their clocks speed up by 45 microseconds daily.
初中英语
九年级上册
沪教牛津版
Engineers subtract（减去）these numbers and fix satellite clocks by 38 microseconds daily. Without this, GPS would guide you wrong by about 10 km every day—that’s a lot and you might drive into a lake instead of your school! So next time you use a map app, ★.
11. Why is the old saying mentioned at the beginning of the passage?
A.To tell us different ways of seeing time.
B.To explain the point about stars and space.
C.To compare it to new technology and time.
D.To introduce the theme of the reading material.
12.
A.The time dilation. B.The Earth’s gravity.
C.The space trip. D.Our daily life.
13.
A.He is anxious about it.
B.He takes it seriously.
C.He is so crazy about it.
D.He doesn’t care about it.
14.
A.
B.C. D.
15.
A.avoid moving a little slower or faster depending on the speed
B.keep testing the time with two special and same clocks
C.remember to thank those hardworking satellites racing against time in space
D.learn to subtract these numbers and fix satellite clocks by 38 microseconds daily
答案
Ⅲ. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了时间膨胀现象,并通过日常例子和科学实验解释了这一理论在现实生活中的微小影响及其在GPS技术中的关键应用。
11.D 推理判断题。开头介绍的这句老话描述的是“天上一日,地上一年”,后面介绍的是时间膨胀现象,印证了这句老话,所以提到这句话是为了引出本文的主题。故选D。
12.A 代词指代题。根据“if you drive very fast, like 100 km/h, time slows by about 0.00000000014 seconds per hour”可知,时间减慢得十分微小,几乎感觉不到。故“it”指代的是前文提到的“时间减慢”现象,即时间膨胀。故选A。
13.B 观点态度题。根据“Even though the differences were really tiny, this mattered a lot for technology.”可知,作者认为尽管差异非常微小,但对科技来说却至关重要。由此可推知,作者认为这种微小的影响具有重要价值,态度是严肃认真的。故选B。
14.D 图文转换题。根据“Your phone’s GPS uses this secret…makes their clocks speed up by 45 microseconds daily.”可知,GPS技术被时间膨胀所影响。选项D对应的是GPS的图片。故选D。
15.C 信息还原题。根据上文可知,人造卫星的时钟需要进行时间上的调整。选项C“记得感谢那些在太空中与时间赛跑的辛勤工作的人造卫星”符合语境。故选C。
11.D 推理判断题。开头介绍的这句老话描述的是“天上一日,地上一年”,后面介绍的是时间膨胀现象,印证了这句老话,所以提到这句话是为了引出本文的主题。故选D。
12.A 代词指代题。根据“if you drive very fast, like 100 km/h, time slows by about 0.00000000014 seconds per hour”可知,时间减慢得十分微小,几乎感觉不到。故“it”指代的是前文提到的“时间减慢”现象,即时间膨胀。故选A。
13.B 观点态度题。根据“Even though the differences were really tiny, this mattered a lot for technology.”可知,作者认为尽管差异非常微小,但对科技来说却至关重要。由此可推知,作者认为这种微小的影响具有重要价值,态度是严肃认真的。故选B。
14.D 图文转换题。根据“Your phone’s GPS uses this secret…makes their clocks speed up by 45 microseconds daily.”可知,GPS技术被时间膨胀所影响。选项D对应的是GPS的图片。故选D。
15.C 信息还原题。根据上文可知,人造卫星的时钟需要进行时间上的调整。选项C“记得感谢那些在太空中与时间赛跑的辛勤工作的人造卫星”符合语境。故选C。
解析
【分析】本题是一篇结合物理知识的英语阅读理解题，包含5道不同类型的题目，解题思路为：先通读全文把握主旨（时间膨胀现象及其应用），再针对每道题的题型，定位原文对应内容，结合语境、细节分析选项，排除错误答案，选出正确选项。
【解析】11. 推理判断题：开头提到“天上一日，地上一年”的老话，后文围绕时间膨胀现象展开，该老话是为了引出本文主题，故选D。
12. 代词指代题：根据前文“time slows by about 0.00000000014 seconds per hour”可知，此处“it”指代前文的时间减慢现象，即时间膨胀，故选A。
13. 观点态度题：根据“Even though the differences were really tiny, this mattered a lot for technology.”可知，作者认为微小差异对科技至关重要，态度严肃认真，故选B。
14. 图文转换题：原文提到GPS技术应用了时间膨胀原理，选项D对应GPS的图片，故选D。
15. 信息还原题：上文介绍了人造卫星对GPS的重要作用，最后用地图app时应感谢这些卫星，选项C符合语境，故选C。
【答案】11.D 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、推理判断、代词指代题
【点评】本题为结合跨学科知识的英语阅读题，题型多样，考查学生的语篇理解、细节分析、图文转换及信息还原能力，需学生准确把握原文细节与主旨。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】11. 推理判断题：开头提到“天上一日，地上一年”的老话，后文围绕时间膨胀现象展开，该老话是为了引出本文主题，故选D。
12. 代词指代题：根据前文“time slows by about 0.00000000014 seconds per hour”可知，此处“it”指代前文的时间减慢现象，即时间膨胀，故选A。
13. 观点态度题：根据“Even though the differences were really tiny, this mattered a lot for technology.”可知，作者认为微小差异对科技至关重要，态度严肃认真，故选B。
14. 图文转换题：原文提到GPS技术应用了时间膨胀原理，选项D对应GPS的图片，故选D。
15. 信息还原题：上文介绍了人造卫星对GPS的重要作用，最后用地图app时应感谢这些卫星，选项C符合语境，故选C。
【答案】11.D 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、推理判断、代词指代题
【点评】本题为结合跨学科知识的英语阅读题，题型多样，考查学生的语篇理解、细节分析、图文转换及信息还原能力，需学生准确把握原文细节与主旨。
【难度系数】0.6
