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阅读理解 灭火指南
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:6分钟
[2025 咸阳启迪中学一模改编]We should have at least one fire extinguisher(灭火器) somewhere in our house. And we also should know what to do when a fire suddenly breaks out.
(1)Have a clear exit route(疏散路线)
Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit.
(2)Report the fire
Even if the fire appears manageable(可控的), you should call 119. Once the firemen arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.
(3)Stand back
Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the flames(火焰) as you prepare to use the fire extinguisher.
(4)Use the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to use an extinguisher is to remember "PASS":
►P—Pull: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher. an extinguisher
►A—Aim: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the bottom of the fire.
►S—Squeeze(挤压): Squeeze the handle to let out the extinguishing chemicals.
►S—Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out.
(5)Get to a safe place
Once the fire is put out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire.
1. What is the passage about?
A. How to prevent a big fire.
B. How to use an extinguisher.
C. How to keep an extinguisher.
D. How to deal with a sudden fire.
2. 新考法·图文转换题 Which order of the pictures describes "PASS"?
A. ③②④①
B. ②①④③
C. ②④③①
D. ③①④②
3. What's the best title for this passage?
A. A better self
B. Safety with me
C. Young scientists
D. Home, sweet home
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:6分钟
[2025 咸阳启迪中学一模改编]We should have at least one fire extinguisher(灭火器) somewhere in our house. And we also should know what to do when a fire suddenly breaks out.
(1)Have a clear exit route(疏散路线)
Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit.
(2)Report the fire
Even if the fire appears manageable(可控的), you should call 119. Once the firemen arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.
(3)Stand back
Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the flames(火焰) as you prepare to use the fire extinguisher.
(4)Use the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to use an extinguisher is to remember "PASS":
►P—Pull: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher. an extinguisher
►A—Aim: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the bottom of the fire.
►S—Squeeze(挤压): Squeeze the handle to let out the extinguishing chemicals.
►S—Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out.
(5)Get to a safe place
Once the fire is put out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire.
1. What is the passage about?
A. How to prevent a big fire.
B. How to use an extinguisher.
C. How to keep an extinguisher.
D. How to deal with a sudden fire.
2. 新考法·图文转换题 Which order of the pictures describes "PASS"?
A. ③②④①
B. ②①④③
C. ②④③①
D. ③①④②
3. What's the best title for this passage?
A. A better self
B. Safety with me
C. Young scientists
D. Home, sweet home
答案
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了面对突发火灾时应采取的一系列措施，包括规划清晰的疏散路线、及时报告火情、保持安全距离、按“PASS”方法使用灭火器等，指导人们如何应对突发火灾。
1 D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故，D项“如何应对突发火灾”符合主题。
2 C 图文转换题。根据(4) Use the extinguisher部分内容可知，“PASS”分别对应：拉掉灭火器的保险销，对应图片②；瞄准低处，将喷嘴对准火焰底部，对应图片④；挤压把手喷出灭火化学物质，对应图片③；左右移动喷嘴直到火被扑灭，对应图片①。故顺序为②④③①。
3 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是应对突发火灾的安全知识，故B项“Safety with me”适合作本文标题。
1 D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故，D项“如何应对突发火灾”符合主题。
2 C 图文转换题。根据(4) Use the extinguisher部分内容可知，“PASS”分别对应：拉掉灭火器的保险销，对应图片②；瞄准低处，将喷嘴对准火焰底部，对应图片④；挤压把手喷出灭火化学物质，对应图片③；左右移动喷嘴直到火被扑灭，对应图片①。故顺序为②④③①。
3 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是应对突发火灾的安全知识，故B项“Safety with me”适合作本文标题。
项目式学习
How to Survive an Earthquake
Task 1 What are earthquakes?
Task 2 Fill in the blanks correctly.
①Check for injuries and give first aid.
②Prepare an emergency kit(应急包).
③Evacuate(撤离) damaged buildings using stairs.
④Watch out for aftershocks.
⑤Stay away from windows.
⑥Secure heavy furniture to walls.
⑦Move to open areas if outdoors.
⑧Stay calm and wait for shaking to stop.
⑨Learn how to shut off gas and electricity.
Before an earthquake
During an earthquake
After an earthquake
How to Survive an Earthquake
Task 1 What are earthquakes?
Task 2 Fill in the blanks correctly.
①Check for injuries and give first aid.
②Prepare an emergency kit(应急包).
③Evacuate(撤离) damaged buildings using stairs.
④Watch out for aftershocks.
⑤Stay away from windows.
⑥Secure heavy furniture to walls.
⑦Move to open areas if outdoors.
⑧Stay calm and wait for shaking to stop.
⑨Learn how to shut off gas and electricity.
Before an earthquake
During an earthquake
After an earthquake
答案
Before an earthquake：②Prepare an emergency kit. ⑥Secure heavy furniture to walls. ⑨Learn how to shut off gas and electricity.
During an earthquake：⑤Stay away from windows. ⑦Move to open areas if outdoors. ⑧Stay calm and wait for shaking to stop.
After an earthquake：①Check for injuries and give first aid. ③Evacuate damaged buildings using stairs. ④Watch out for aftershocks.
During an earthquake：⑤Stay away from windows. ⑦Move to open areas if outdoors. ⑧Stay calm and wait for shaking to stop.
After an earthquake：①Check for injuries and give first aid. ③Evacuate damaged buildings using stairs. ④Watch out for aftershocks.
解析
我们按照地震不同阶段的行为属性进行分类：
1. 地震发生前的行为均为提前做好的防灾准备工作，对应相关准备类操作；
2. 地震发生时的行为是地震晃动过程中需要立刻采取的即时避险动作，对应避险类操作；
3. 地震发生后的行为是主震结束后需要完成的后续救助、避险动作，对应震后处置类操作。
最终分类结果：
Before an earthquake：②⑥⑨
During an earthquake：⑤⑦⑧
After an earthquake：①③④
1. 地震发生前的行为均为提前做好的防灾准备工作，对应相关准备类操作；
2. 地震发生时的行为是地震晃动过程中需要立刻采取的即时避险动作，对应避险类操作；
3. 地震发生后的行为是主震结束后需要完成的后续救助、避险动作，对应震后处置类操作。
最终分类结果：
Before an earthquake：②⑥⑨
During an earthquake：⑤⑦⑧
After an earthquake：①③④
