一、完形填空。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 词数:162 难度:★★☆
Do you know that plants are super(超级的) cool? They can grow from small into big trees or beautiful flowers. are all around us and we can see them here and there.
My favourite plants are roses and bamboo. Roses many kinds of colours like red, pink, white and so on. They wonderful and make me feel happy. You must know that the rose is the symbol of . Bamboo is tall and strong. It can live for a long time. No matter in warm spring or cold , it is always green and straight.
Plants don't just look nice. They also give us air to and food to eat. Fruit, vegetables, rice, and noodles all come from plants. Some other plants can be used for care(治疗), such as radix isatidis(板蓝根) and ginseng(人参). So we can't live plants. We are lucky to have such wonderful plants on our earth.
1. A. seeds B. leaves C. flowers D. grass
2. A. Animals B. Trees C. People D. Plants
3. A. take B. give C. have D. hold
4. A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound
5. A. love B. laughter C. smile D. joy
6. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
7. A. drink B. breathe C. exercise D. dance
8. A. tea B. coffee C. bread D. water
9. A. careful B. electric C. peaceful D. medical
10. A. with B. without C. on D. from

一、1. A 根据生活常识可知，一株植物的生长通常从一颗小小的种子开始。
2. D 根据句意可知，植物就在我们身边，并且随处可见。
3. C 根据“... like red, pink, white and so on. ”可知，玫瑰有不同种类的颜色。
4. B 玫瑰闻起来很棒，smell闻起来。
5. A 根据常识可知，玫瑰是爱情的象征。
6. D 根据cold可推断出季节是winter。
7. B 根据前面的名词air可知，此处用动词breathe。
8. C 本句中的rice和noodles都是食物，此处也应当用表示食物的名词。
9. D 根据生活常识可知，板蓝根和人参等植物都有药用价值。
10. B 根据“We are lucky to have such wonderful plants on our earth. ”可知，我们的生活离不开植物。

【分析】
做完形填空时，需先通读全文把握语篇主题（本文围绕植物展开，介绍植物的特征、作用等），再结合上下文语境、生活常识、词汇搭配逐一分析每个空的选项，排除不符合逻辑的选项，选出最恰当的答案。例如第1空，依据植物生长常识，从种子长成大树/花，故选A；第2空承接前文的植物话题，说明植物随处可见，故选D；后续各空均需结合语境与常识判断，确保选项符合语篇逻辑。
【解析】
1. A 结合生活常识，植物的生长通常从一颗小小的种子开始，故选A。
2. D 前文围绕植物展开，此处表示植物在我们身边随处可见，故选D。
3. C 根据后文列举的红、粉、白等不同颜色，可知玫瑰拥有多种颜色，have表示“拥有”，符合语境，故选C。
4. B 玫瑰的特点是闻起来很香，smell表示“闻起来”，符合描述玫瑰的语境，故选B。
5. A 常识可知，玫瑰是爱情的象征，love符合此处含义，故选A。
6. D 前文提到“cold”，对应的季节是冬天（winter），故选D。
7. B 空气的作用是供人呼吸，breathe表示“呼吸”，与air搭配合理，故选B。
8. C 前文的rice（米饭）和noodles（面条）均为食物，选项中bread（面包）也属于食物，符合语境，故选C。
9. D 板蓝根、人参等植物具有药用价值，medical care表示“医疗护理”，符合语境，故选D。
10. B 根据后文“我们很幸运地球上有这么棒的植物”，可知我们的生活离不开植物，without表示“没有”，符合逻辑，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.B
【知识点】
完形填空解题方法、词义辨析、介词用法
【点评】
本文是关于植物的说明文，难度中等，主要考查学生对语篇语境的理解、词汇词义的辨析以及生活常识的运用，解题时需结合上下文逻辑和常识判断，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、 跨学科 生物 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:植物种子传播 语篇类型:说明文 词数:207 难度:★★★
① Plants have roots, leaves and flowers. They have seeds, too. Some seeds fall on the ground. New plants grow next to the old plants. When plants grow in this way, they are too crowded to get enough sunshine and water. So some of them die. But some plants spread their seeds far from where they live. These seeds grow in new places. There are many ways for seeds to travel.
② The wind helps seeds to travel. When the wind blows, the seeds fly away. Soon they fall to the ground and new plants may grow there. Some plants dry up. The wind pulls them out of the ground, but they are so big that they can't fly. They roll along the ground, dropping off their seeds.
③ Other plants grow near the water. Their seeds drop into the water and go away with it. They may travel many miles before they stop.
④ Some seeds have special parts called "stickers". The stickers help the seeds travel far. How? These seeds wait for an animal to walk by. Then they stick into its fur to get a free ride.
⑤ Seeds can't walk. They can't run. But they can travel with the help of wind, water and animals.
1. What will happen if new plants are crowded?
A. Some of them will travel.
B. Some of them will die.
C. Some of them can grow taller.
D. Some of them can live better.
2. The underlined word "them" refers to "".
A. wings B. seeds C. plants D. birds
3. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. The growth of the plants B. The kinds of the seeds
C. The parts of the plants D. The travel of the seeds
4. 创新考法 篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage?

二、1. B 细节理解题。根据“When plants grow in this way, they are too crowded to get enough sunshine and water. So some of them die. ”可知，当植物以这种方式生长时，会因为太拥挤而无法获得足够的阳光和水分，所以它们中的一些会死掉。
2. C 代词指代题。根据“Some plants dry up. ”可知，有些植物枯死了，风把它们从地里拔起来，此处them指的是“枯死的植物”。
3. D 标题概括题。本文主要介绍种子的传播方式。
4. C 篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段引出主题，第二到四段介绍种子的几种传播方式，第五段总结。
长难句解读
原句: The wind pulls them out of the ground, but they are so big that they can't fly.
结构剖析:本句为but引导的并列句。两个分句分别为The wind pulls them out of the ground和they are so big that they can't fly。第二个分句嵌套了“so ... that ...”引导的结果状语从句，主句部分为they are so big；结果状语从句部分为that they can't fly。
翻译:风把它们从地里拔起，但它们体型太大，飞不起来。

【分析】
本题是关于植物种子传播的阅读理解题，共4道小题，分别考查细节理解、代词指代、标题概括和篇章结构。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：定位原文中“植物拥挤”的相关描述，找到对应的结果；
2. 第2题：根据代词所在句的前文语境，确定指代的名词；
3. 第3题：梳理全文主旨，选择最贴合的标题；
4. 第4题：划分文章段落结构，判断整体结构类型。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段“When plants grow in this way, they are too crowded to get enough sunshine and water. So some of them die.”可知，植物拥挤时，部分会死亡，故选B。
2. 第2题：代词“them”所在句前文提到“Some plants dry up.”，此处指这些枯死的植物被风拔起，故选C。
3. 第3题：全文围绕种子的传播方式展开，标题应为“The travel of the seeds”，故选D。
4. 第4题：文章第一段引出种子传播的主题，第二至四段分别介绍风、水、动物帮助种子传播的方式，第五段总结，结构为总-分-总，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C
【知识点】
细节理解题；代词指代题；标题概括题；篇章结构题
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍植物种子传播的说明文，题目类型全面，需要学生准确提取原文信息、理解代词指代、把握文章主旨和结构，整体考查基础阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.6