一、完形填空
Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts so that people can live and 1 crops there. They are working hard to change the deserts. But more and more of the land is still becoming deserts all the time. Scientists may not be able to change the deserts 2 fields in time.
3 is more and more land becoming deserts? Scientists think that people are making deserts. People are doing 4 things to the earth. These actions 5 the soil's ability (能力) to keep water in place.
Some places on the earth don't get much rain, 6 they still don't become deserts. This is because some 7 are growing there. The tall ones work like nature's air conditioners (空调), cooling the ground. Some small green ones are also very helpful. They don't let the hot sun make the earth even 8. No matter (不论) big or small, tall or small, plants are helpful in many ways. Their fallen leaves become food for the soil. Also, they 9 the wind blowing the dirt (泥土) away. When a little bit of rain falls, the plants 10 the water. Without plants, the land can become deserts much more easily.
() 1. A. grow B. make C. cook D. eat
() 2. A. on B. for C. into D. in
() 3. A. What B. How C. Why D. When
() 4. A. useful B. harmful C. careful D. helpful
() 5. A. attack B. cause C. destroy D. offer
() 6. A. and B. but C. or D. so
() 7. A. plants B. flowers C. vegetables D. animals
() 8. A. hotter B. wetter C. colder D. drier
() 9. A. keep B. stop C. make D. help
()10. A. store B. provide C. produce D. cover

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A

【分析】
先通读全文，把握文章主旨为“沙漠化的成因及植物对防治沙漠化的重要作用”。解题时需结合上下文语境、固定搭配、词义辨析及逻辑关系逐一分析选项：1题需选与“庄稼（crops）”搭配的动词；2题考查固定搭配；3题根据后文解释原因确定疑问词；4题结合沙漠化是人为导致判断形容词；5题选符合“破坏土壤能力”的动词；6题判断前后句逻辑关系；7题根据后文提到的大小植物确定名词；8题结合太阳对土地的影响选形容词比较级；9题考查固定搭配；10题选符合“植物对水的作用”的动词。
【解析】
1. 句意：人们可以在那里生活和种庄稼。grow crops是固定搭配，意为“种庄稼”，故选A。
2. 固定搭配change...into...，表示“把...变成...”，此处指把土地变成农田，故选C。
3. 后文解释了土地变成沙漠的原因，故用疑问词Why提问，选C。
4. 科学家认为是人类造成了沙漠，因此人类对地球做了有害的事，harmful（有害的）符合语境，选B。
5. 这些行为破坏了土壤保持水分的能力，destroy（破坏）符合句意，选C。
6. 前半句“一些地方雨水少”和后半句“它们仍未变成沙漠”是转折关系，用连词but，选B。
7. 后文提到“高大的植物”和“小的绿色植物”，可知此处指植物，选A。
8. 植物防止烈日让土地变得更干燥，drier（更干燥的）符合语境，选D。
9. 固定搭配stop...from doing sth，意为“阻止...做某事”，此处指阻止风把泥土吹走，选B。
10. 植物储存水分，store（储存）符合句意，选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、动词词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文围绕环保主题，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及上下文逻辑的掌握，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中，需结合语境分析选项。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、阅读理解
More than 1 000 different kinds of pieces of plastic, including one hundred and fifteen cups, twenty-five bags, four bottles and two pairs of shoes, have been found inside a dead whale in Indonesia, according to the local officials.
“When the whale was found on the island, it was already decomposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were not sure if the plastic caused its death,” said Lukas, the leader of the World Wildlife Fund in Indonesia. “The plastic weighed about 6 kilograms, or 13 pounds,” he said.
But pictures of the dead whale caused a warm discussion (讨论). The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. The government has also realized this. Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people, was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, right after America.
“If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need,”
said Nicholas who is the leader of the Ocean Conservancy. “Moreover, eating too much plastic can make them lose their weight, their energy and slow down their swimming. As a result, whales are easier to be hurt by the sharks and many other dangerous animals in the sea.”
More than 800 kinds of animals in the sea are affected (影响) by about 8.8 million tons of plastic which is thrown away freely in the ocean each year. Plastic can also stop the animals moving freely and sometimes it will cause them to die. Some plastic can make a small hole in their stomachs after they eat it.
() 1. What does the underlined word “decomposing” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A. 腐烂 B. 吸收 C. 凝固 D. 飘散
() 2. According to the passage, which country produced most plastic waste in 2018?
A. India. B. Indonesia. C. Japan. D. America.
() 3. What happens to the whales after eating too much plastic?
A. They will feel hungry. B. They will die at once.
C. They will eat less healthy food. D. They will attack sharks actively.
() 4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Pictures of the dead whale caught few people’s attention.
B. People kill whales because they are dangerous animals.
C. Plastic can stop sea animals moving freely, even cause them to die.
D. Indonesia government took action to stop the sea pollution.

1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含词义猜测和细节理解两类题型。解题思路：1. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境，定位划线词所在句，根据前后文逻辑推断词义；2. 细节理解题需根据题干关键词，定位原文对应段落，查找准确信息，逐一排除错误选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位第二段划线词所在句，前文明确提到是“dead whale”（死亡的鲸鱼），后文提到动物医生不确定塑料是否导致其死亡，说明鲸鱼已死亡且处于分解状态，“decomposing”意为“腐烂”，故选A。
2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“2018”“most plastic waste”，定位第三段最后一句“Indonesia...was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, right after America”，可知2018年美国是最大塑料垃圾生产国，故选D。
3. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“whales after eating too much plastic”，定位第四段“They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need”，即鲸鱼会吃更少提供营养的健康食物，对应选项C，故选C。
4. 细节理解题：逐一验证选项：A项与第三段“caused a warm discussion”矛盾；B项原文未提及人类因鲸鱼危险而杀鲸；C项对应第六段“Plastic can also stop the animals moving freely and sometimes it will cause them to die”，正确；D项原文仅提到印尼政府意识到问题，未提及采取行动，故选C。
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题
【点评】
本文围绕海洋塑料污染对海洋生物的影响展开，考查学生的阅读理解能力，侧重词义推断和细节信息查找，难度适中，需学生仔细定位原文内容。
【难度系数】
0.6