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七、任务型阅读。
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A～F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days, it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by, most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days, people grew their own food, caught their own fish, and collected their own water. 1 People also used rivers as roads, travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.
2
When building many factories right next to rivers for the water's power to make machines work, some people choose to live near a river for working. They use the river to ship large goods, and some of them work at these factories where power factories provide electricity to homes and businesses. 3
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while, floodwaters rise higher than a house, ruining(泡坏) many things in the house. 4 Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) we eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.
How do people decide where to live?
5 Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However, those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river, too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
1.
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A～F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days, it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by, most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days, people grew their own food, caught their own fish, and collected their own water. 1 People also used rivers as roads, travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.
2
When building many factories right next to rivers for the water's power to make machines work, some people choose to live near a river for working. They use the river to ship large goods, and some of them work at these factories where power factories provide electricity to homes and businesses. 3
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while, floodwaters rise higher than a house, ruining(泡坏) many things in the house. 4 Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) we eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.
How do people decide where to live?
5 Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However, those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river, too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
1.
C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. E
答案
七、1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
解析
【分析】
这是一篇六选五的任务型阅读说明文，解题时首先要通读全文梳理整体行文逻辑：文章按照时间顺序，先后介绍了过去河流对人类的作用、当代人们临河居住的原因、临河居住的隐患，最后说明选择居住地的考量标准。解题时逐空匹配上下文的内容关联：第一空承接前文拓荒时代人们需要自行收集生活水的描述，对应取水相关的选项；第二空是段落小标题，要匹配本段介绍当代人临河居住原因的核心内容；第三空顺承前文提到的河运、河边工厂就业的相关内容；第四空要引出后文提到的污染河流的废弃物；第五空作为段首句，匹配本段关于居住选址要权衡利弊的主旨，逐一排除冗余选项即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文提到拓荒时期人们需要自己收集生活用水，后文引出河流作为通行道路的其他用途，C选项“住在河边让人们很容易获取生活用水”承接前文的取水需求，逻辑衔接自然。
2. 空2是本段的主题小标题，上一段介绍过去河流对人类的帮助，本段内容讲述现代人们依托河边工厂、航运等条件选择住在河边，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河边？”完全契合本段的核心讨论内容。
3. 空3：前文提到人们利用河流运输大宗货物，还有不少人在河边的工厂工作，D选项“那些往船上装卸货物的人也住在河边”顺承前文提到的和河流相关的工作场景，前后内容连贯。
4. 空4：后文提到“这类废物让水发臭，污染我们食用的庄稼”，B选项“一些工厂把它们的废物排入河流”引出后文指代的污染物，前后内容呼应。
5. 空5：本段主题是人们如何选择居住地点，后文提到临河有诸多好处但也要接受可能出现的问题，E选项“人们在决定住在哪里之前应该仔细考虑可能的风险”契合本段主旨，起到总起段落的作用。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
【知识点】
任务型阅读，语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】
本篇文章脉络清晰，按照时间线和“利-弊-决策建议”的逻辑展开，考点集中在段落主题句匹配、上下文内容呼应上，没有设置过于复杂的干扰项，学生只要理清每一段的核心讨论方向，抓住前后文的关键词关联，就可以顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇六选五的任务型阅读说明文，解题时首先要通读全文梳理整体行文逻辑：文章按照时间顺序，先后介绍了过去河流对人类的作用、当代人们临河居住的原因、临河居住的隐患，最后说明选择居住地的考量标准。解题时逐空匹配上下文的内容关联：第一空承接前文拓荒时代人们需要自行收集生活水的描述，对应取水相关的选项；第二空是段落小标题，要匹配本段介绍当代人临河居住原因的核心内容；第三空顺承前文提到的河运、河边工厂就业的相关内容；第四空要引出后文提到的污染河流的废弃物；第五空作为段首句，匹配本段关于居住选址要权衡利弊的主旨，逐一排除冗余选项即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文提到拓荒时期人们需要自己收集生活用水，后文引出河流作为通行道路的其他用途，C选项“住在河边让人们很容易获取生活用水”承接前文的取水需求，逻辑衔接自然。
2. 空2是本段的主题小标题，上一段介绍过去河流对人类的帮助，本段内容讲述现代人们依托河边工厂、航运等条件选择住在河边，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河边？”完全契合本段的核心讨论内容。
3. 空3：前文提到人们利用河流运输大宗货物，还有不少人在河边的工厂工作，D选项“那些往船上装卸货物的人也住在河边”顺承前文提到的和河流相关的工作场景，前后内容连贯。
4. 空4：后文提到“这类废物让水发臭，污染我们食用的庄稼”，B选项“一些工厂把它们的废物排入河流”引出后文指代的污染物，前后内容呼应。
5. 空5：本段主题是人们如何选择居住地点，后文提到临河有诸多好处但也要接受可能出现的问题，E选项“人们在决定住在哪里之前应该仔细考虑可能的风险”契合本段主旨，起到总起段落的作用。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
【知识点】
任务型阅读，语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】
本篇文章脉络清晰，按照时间线和“利-弊-决策建议”的逻辑展开，考点集中在段落主题句匹配、上下文内容呼应上，没有设置过于复杂的干扰项，学生只要理清每一段的核心讨论方向，抓住前后文的关键词关联，就可以顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
