五、阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Imagine one day the water taps in your house stop running. You have to pay a lot of money for water from shops, and even 1 (electric) use has to be saved to go with the scarce water. And still there isn't enough water 2 everyone. Your mother has to save the family's shower water for 3 (wash) clothes. Could you stand that kind of life?
Probably not. But that is what kids in Yemen are experiencing. According to a report, Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, will run out of 4 (drink) water. This serious water shortage has caused a lot of 5 (damage) to people's daily lives.
6 of the water shortage, the government of Yemen often cuts the water supply. Hannan, 7 18-year-old girl, told Time, "In a good week we'll have a water supply all week. But then in the 8 (follow) week there will be water only for a day or two."
Hannan said only rich people have enough water 9 (use). They can buy water from shops or water trucks. Private companies own the trucks, selling water at very high prices that a lot of people can't afford.
The government 10 (think) of making use of sea water. However, it will cost a lot and may not happen soon enough to help.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

五、1. electricity 2. for 3. washing 4. drinking 5. damage 6. Because 7. an 8. following 9. to use 10. is thinking

【分析】
首先通读全文，明确短文核心是介绍也门当前严峻的水资源短缺现状，再逐个结合空格前后的语法逻辑、提示词规则、固定搭配推导答案：
1. 先看第1空，后面是名词use，需要将提示词形容词electric转换为名词，作定语修饰use，表达“用电”的含义；
2. 第2空前面是enough water，后面是指代人的everyone，要表达“供所有人使用的水”的含义，填入合适介词即可；
3. 第3空前面是介词for，介词后接动词需要变为动名词形式；
4. 第4空后面是名词water，需要将提示词drink变为动名词作定语，构成固定搭配“饮用水”；
5. 第5空考查固定搭配，空前a lot of后接不可数名词damage，构成固定短语“对……造成损害”；
6. 第6空后面是名词性短语the water shortage，表原因，对应固定短语because of，句首首字母大写；
7. 第7空后面是发音以元音音素开头的18-year-old，填入不定冠词即可；
8. 第8空后面是名词week，将提示词follow变为形容词作定语，构成固定表达“接下来的一周”；
9. 第9空考查固定结构have sth to do，用不定式作后置定语修饰前面的enough water；
10. 第10空结合语境，表达也门政府当下正在考虑利用海水的动作，用现在进行时即可。
【解析】
1. 空后是名词use，需要名词作定语，将形容词electric变为名词electricity，electricity use表示“用电”，故填electricity；
2. 此处表达“仍然没有足够的水供所有人使用”，介词for表示“给、供”，故填for；
3. 空前是介词for，介词后接动词要用动名词形式，wash的动名词是washing，故填washing；
4. 此处修饰名词water，动名词作定语表示用途，drinking water是固定搭配“饮用水”，故填drinking；
5. 固定搭配cause damage to表示“对……造成损害”，damage是不可数名词，无需变形，故填damage；
6. 后面接名词短语the water shortage表原因，固定短语because of表示“由于”，句首首字母大写，故填Because；
7. 后面的18-year-old发音以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an，表示“一位18岁的女孩”，故填an；
8. 此处修饰名词week，需要形容词作定语，follow的形容词形式是following，in the following week表示“接下来的一周”，故填following；
9. 固定结构have sth to do表示“有某物可以做……”，不定式作后置定语修饰enough water，故填to use；
10. 语境表示政府当下正在考虑利用海水，动作正在进行，用现在进行时，主语the government是单数，故填is thinking。
【答案】
1. electricity 2. for 3. washing 4. drinking 5. damage 6. Because 7. an 8. following 9. to use 10. is thinking
【知识点】
词性转换、固定搭配、现在进行时
【点评】
本题是初中阶段典型的短文语法填空题型，考点覆盖了名词转换、非谓语动名词/不定式、介词、冠词、时态等初中核心语法点，选材结合水资源短缺的现实问题，兼具语法考察和节水环保的引导意义，需要学生熟练掌握各类固定搭配的用法，区分易混结构比如because和because of的差异。
【难度系数】
0.6

六、阅读理解。
①All over the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed(设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
②When planning green buildings, architects(建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy.
③Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks(洗涤池) and toilets(马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings.
④Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California, the US has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge "living roof" of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
⑤More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
()1. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Designing buildings.
B. Going green.
C. Using energy.
D. Recycling materials.
()2. Which of the following will not be used into the green buildings?
A. Wind.
B. Water.
C. Plastic.
D. Recycled glass bottles.
()3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Architects like natural light in the buildings.
B. Rainwater can be saved in a green building.
C. Plants are put on the floor of green buildings.
D. Green buildings are very popular in the West.
()4. How is the passage organized?
 

六、1. B 【点拨】根据第一段中“What does it mean to go green or to make a green building?”可知，it 指代的是“going green”。故选 B。
2. C 【点拨】根据第二、三、四段可知，绿色建筑会使用风能、水和回收的玻璃瓶，未提及塑料。故选 C。
3. B 【点拨】根据第三段中“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater.”可知，绿色建筑可以收集雨水。故选 B。
4. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，第一段引出绿色建筑的概念；第二、三、四段介绍绿色建筑在能源、水和材料方面的环保做法，以及世界各地的绿色建筑；第五段总结越来越多的绿色建筑正在被建造，对世界有积极影响。文章是“总—分—总”的结构。故选 A。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍绿色建筑的说明文阅读理解，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是代词指代题，首先定位划线it所在的第一段原句，该句是固定结构"What does it mean to do sth"，it为形式主语，结合前面对"to go green or to make a green building"的提问，直接匹配指代对象即可排除错误选项。
2. 第2题是细节排除题，回到原文2-4段逐一核对选项提到的元素是否属于绿色建筑的应用范畴，排除原文明确提及的风能、水、回收玻璃瓶，剩下未提及的就是正确答案。
3. 第3题是细节判断题，将每个选项逐一和原文对应内容比对：A选项曲解原文“设计利用自然光”的表述，C选项和原文“屋顶种植植物”的描述矛盾，D选项原文提到泰国的案例说明绿色建筑不止在西方推广，只有B符合原文收集雨水节水的内容。
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，梳理全文段落逻辑：第①段总起，引出绿色建筑的定义；第②③④段分别介绍绿色建筑的设计要求、具体环保措施、全球各地的绿色建筑实例，属于分述部分；第⑤段总结绿色建筑的积极意义，整体是“总-分-总”的结构，对应选项A的结构图示。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段句子"What does it mean to go green or to make a green building?"，此处it指代前文提到的"go green"，因此选B。
2. 第2题：原文明确提到绿色建筑可使用风能、收集雨水节水、使用回收玻璃瓶作为建材，全文未提及塑料会被应用在绿色建筑中，因此选C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段"To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater"，可知绿色建筑可以收集储存雨水，B选项表述正确；A选项原文仅说明设计会利用自然光，并非建筑师偏爱自然光，表述错误；C选项原文提到的是屋顶的“living roof”种植植物，并非将植物放在地板上，表述错误；D选项原文提到泰国的绿色建筑案例，说明绿色建筑并非仅在西方流行，表述错误，因此选B。
4. 第4题：全文结构为：第①段总述引入绿色建筑的概念，第②-④段从设计思路、具体环保方法、全球实例三个维度展开分述，第⑤段总结绿色建筑的价值，属于典型的总-分-总结构，对应选项A的图示，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
代词指代判断，细节信息筛选，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题属于说明文类常规阅读理解，考点覆盖代词指代、细节筛选、篇章逻辑梳理，难度梯度合理，既考察学生定位原文查找细节的基础阅读能力，也要求学生能整体把握文章的行文框架，适合巩固说明文阅读的通用解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.7