四、短文填空
In order to reduce the stress on the students, Nanjing No. 1 High School has
1. (create) a “mark bank” recently. The bank lets students borrow marks if they cannot pass exams, and then repay them in later tests.
Here's 2. it works. Marks can be 3. (borrow) from the “mark bank” by students who fail an exam. But, just like real banks, it requires “clients (客户)” to pay back the loan (贷款) on time, with interest (利息). So students have to pay for the loan by 4. (get) extra marks in future exams. The school treats these students with enough 5. (patient) and allows the students to repay the bank by doing lab experiments (实验) or giving public 6. (speak). Students who don't pay back their loans are blacklisted by the bank.
“I was sick before the midterm exams and 7. (miss) several Geography classes,” one student said. “I failed the exam and was 8. low spirits for days, but luckily, the ‘mark bank’ gave me a chance to make up for it.”
9. many people think the “mark bank” is a great idea, not everyone supports it. Education expert Xiong Bingqi has 10. (late) pointed out that the “mark bank” is not wise, but it takes stress off the students. Others think that such an idea just causes students to be lazier in their studies.

1. created 2. how 3. borrowed 4. getting 5. patience
6. speeches 7. missed 8. in 9. Although/Though
10. lately

【分析】
本题为英语短文填空题，需结合语境、语法规则（时态、语态、词性转换等）及固定搭配解题。解题思路：1. 通读全文，明确文章主旨（介绍南京一中“分数银行”的运作模式及不同观点）；2. 逐个分析空格，判断所需词性、时态、语态或固定搭配；3. 结合上下文逻辑确定最终答案。
【解析】
1. 由句中助动词has可知，此处为现在完成时，需用create的过去分词created；
2. 此处为表语从句，需表达“如何运作”，故用连接副词how；
3. 主语marks与动词borrow为被动关系，情态动词can后接被动结构“be+过去分词”，故用borrowed；
4. 介词by后需接动名词作宾语，get的动名词形式为getting；
5. enough后需接名词，patient的名词形式为patience；
6. 固定搭配give public speeches意为“做公开演讲”，需用speech的复数形式speeches；
7. 由前文was sick可知，此处为一般过去时，miss的过去式为missed；
8. 固定搭配in low spirits意为“情绪低落”，故填介词in；
9. 此处为让步状语从句，表达“虽然很多人认为是好主意，但并非所有人支持”，故用连词Although/Though；
10. 修饰动词短语pointed out需用副词，late的副词形式为lately。
【答案】
1. created 2. how 3. borrowed 4. getting 5. patience 6. speeches 7. missed 8. in 9. Although/Though 10. lately
【知识点】
短文填空、时态语态、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查英语短文填空，涵盖基础语法与词汇运用，需结合语境分析，是初中英语常见题型，注重知识的综合应用。
【难度系数】
0.5

五、完形填空
Teenagers have always been known to do 1, even dangerous things. This was once thought to lie in the "foolishness of youth". Now, scientists have studied the development of the brain (脑) in more detail.
Recently, scientists have discovered that only during teenage years do our brains truly "grow up". During this stage, teenagers 2 great changes, but the still-developing brains can 3 control impulses (冲动) while following rules. This leads to teenagers' uncertain behaviour.
Studies show that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme (极端的) ways. Luckily, the news isn't all 4. As brain scientist B. J. Casey points out, the teen brain 5 such behaviour in order to help teens prepare for adult life.
One reason is that it changes how teens see risks and rewards (回报). Researchers find that when teens think about rewards, their brains create more happiness. So rewards seem more important than risks, and teens feel the 6 of new experiences more strongly.
Research also shows that it makes ______ 7 ______ relationships seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have a strong need to meet new people. Scientists suggest this is because as teens, they begin to realize their friends may one day make great achievements. Therefore, the brain ______ 8 ______ social activities with more fun, pushing teens to make more friends for future success.
Unluckily, this search for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make terrible 9 and take dangerous risks. 10, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things and live their own lives successfully.
() 1. A. serious B. silly C. worried D. strict
() 2. A. go through B. look for C. turn down D. give up
() 3. A. differently B. easily C. quickly D. hardly
() 4. A. successful B. wonderful C. negative D. positive
() 5. A. encourages B. prevents C. stops D. considers
() 6. A. fear B. worry C. excitement D. sadness
() 7. A. strange B. social C. unusual D. common
() 8. A. connects B. divides C. separates D. breaks
() 9. A. results B. orders C. progress D. decisions
()10. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead

1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C

【分析】
先通读全文把握主旨：本文围绕青少年大脑发育与行为的关系展开，属于科普类完形填空。解题时需结合每空的上下文语境、词汇词义、固定搭配逐一分析选项：1. 由后文“even dangerous things”及“foolishness of youth”可判断，此处指青少年做愚蠢的事；2. 需选表示“经历变化”的固定搭配；3. 结合“still-developing brains”的逻辑，判断大脑对冲动的控制程度；4. 由前后转折关系判断词汇属性；5. 结合大脑对青少年行为的作用选动词；6. 对应新体验带来的情绪；7. 由后文“social activities”呼应词汇；8. 选表示“关联”的固定搭配；9. 结合语境选名词；10. 由前后转折逻辑选连词。
【解析】
1. 语境理解：根据后文“even dangerous things”及“foolishness of youth”，silly（愚蠢的）符合语境，故选B；
2. 固定搭配：go through great changes为固定表达，意为“经历巨大变化”，故选A；
3. 逻辑推理：由“still-developing brains”可知，发育中的大脑几乎不能控制冲动，hardly（几乎不）符合，故选D；
4. 词义辨析：前文提及青少年的风险行为，后文转折说明不全是负面的，negative（负面的）符合，故选C；
5. 词义辨析：encourage（鼓励）符合“大脑鼓励这种行为以帮助青少年准备成年”的语境，故选A；
6. 语境理解：新体验带来的是兴奋感，excitement（兴奋）符合，故选C；
7. 上下文呼应：后文提到social activities，对应此处social relationships（社交关系），故选B；
8. 固定搭配：connect...with...为固定搭配，意为“把……与……联系起来”，故选A；
9. 词义辨析：make decisions（做决定）符合“做出糟糕的决定”的语境，故选D；
10. 逻辑关系：前文说风险行为的坏处，后文说好处，表转折用however，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C
【知识点】
完形填空、词义辨析、上下文逻辑
【点评】
本题为科普类完形填空，围绕青少年大脑发育与行为的关系展开，侧重考查学生的语境理解、词汇辨析及固定搭配运用能力，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5