五、〔郑州市改编·科普知识〕阅读短文,选择正确答案。

The Yellow River is famous for its yellow water. But today, its water is much cleaner. Why?
The river's yellow colour comes from sand(沙) and mud(泥). It begins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and runs across the Loess Plateau(黄土高原). Before, the Loess Plateau had loose soil(松散的土壤) and it didn't have many plants. When it rains, the soil goes into the river. This makes the river yellow.
Now, people plant trees and grass on the Loess Plateau. Over 60% of the land has plants. The plants hold(保持) the soil in place. People also build dams(大坝) and reservoirs(水库) to stop sand and mud. So the river water is clean and blue-green now.
()1. What is the Yellow River famous for?
A. Yellow water.
B. Clean water.
C. The long river.
()2. Where does the Yellow River originate(发源)?
A. The Loess Plateau.
B. The north of China.
C. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
()3. Why does the Yellow River look yellow?
A. Because it rains a lot every day.
B. Because there are many fish in it.
C. Because the soil from the Loess Plateau goes into it when it rains.
()4. How do the green plants help the river?
A. They stop the wind.
B. They make the water run fast.
C. They can hold the soil in place.
()5. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The Long Yellow River
B. The Yellow River Goes Clean
C. Green Plants on the Loess Plateau

1. A
2. C
3. C 【解析】根据短文第二段中“Before, the Loess Plateau had loose soil... When it rains, the soil goes into the river. This makes the river yellow.”可知，黄河变黄的直接原因是黄土高原的泥土在雨水的冲刷下进入河流，故选C。
4. C
5. B 【解析】文章主要讲述了黄河过去为什么是黄的，以及现在通过植树造林和建造大坝等措施使河水变清澈的过程，因此The Yellow River Goes Clean(黄河变清了)最适合作为标题，故选B。

【分析】本题为科普类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：①先通读全文，明确文章核心内容：黄河因黄土高原水土流失曾呈黄色，经治理后河水变清澈；②针对每个题目，提取题干关键词，回到原文对应段落定位相关信息；③将原文信息与选项逐一对比，排除错误选项，确定正确答案；④最后核对答案，确保符合原文表述。
【解析】1. 根据短文第一段第一句“The Yellow River is famous for its yellow water.”可知，黄河因黄色的水而出名，对应选项A，故选A。
2. 根据短文第二段“It begins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau...”可知，黄河发源于青藏高原，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 根据短文第二段中“Before, the Loess Plateau had loose soil... When it rains, the soil goes into the river. This makes the river yellow.”可知，黄河变黄是因为下雨时黄土高原的土壤流入河中，对应选项C，故选C。
4. 根据短文第三段“The plants hold(保持) the soil in place.”可知，绿色植物能固定土壤，对应选项C，故选C。
5. 文章主要讲述了黄河从因黄土高原水土流失变黄，到通过植树、建大坝等措施变清澈的过程，选项B“The Yellow River Goes Clean”最贴合文章主旨，故选B。
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B
【知识点】阅读理解、科普知识
【点评】本题考查学生对科普类短文的信息提取能力和主旨概括能力，题目设置围绕原文细节和核心内容，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6