四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The four seasons make our lives interesting. Summer is when everyone has fun under the warm sun, autumn is the time of 1. (harvest) crops, and winter’s white snowflakes decorate the earth and trees. But I like spring 2. (good).
I 3. (remember) when I was a small child, my favourite season was winter. But one thing made me change 4. (I) mind. I loved playing in the garden and 5. (climb) trees when I was small. But I realized one autumn day that golden 6. (leaf) had started to fall 7. my favourite tree to the ground, and by winter its branches (枝条) were already bare (光秃秃). I thought that it had died, and would never turn green again. 8. I cried. But my father told me, “The tree hasn’t left you. It’s just resting. I promise in three months, that tree will be prettier than ever.” I 9. (believe) what my father said and waited for three months. Sure enough, when the time came, the tree was greener and taller than ever. From then on, spring has become my favourite time of a year because its vitality (生命力) 10. (bring) me happiness.

【主旨大意】文章主要讲述了一年四季的景色，以及作者最喜欢的季节。
1. harvesting 2. best 3. remember 4. my 5. climbing 6. leaves 7. from 8. So 9. believed 10. brings

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题，需结合语境、词性、时态、固定搭配等语法知识逐一分析每个空格：1. 介词后接动名词；2. 表达“最喜欢”用形容词最高级；3. 一般现在时主语为I时用动词原形；4. 名词前需用形容词性物主代词；5. and连接并列动名词；6. 可数名词需变复数；7. 固定搭配fall from；8. 因果关系用连词；9. 描述过去动作用一般过去时；10. 不可数名词作主语的一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数。
【解析】
1. 空格前为介词of，介词后需接动词的动名词形式，故将harvest变为动名词harvesting。
2. 此处表示“最喜欢”，固定搭配like...best中需用形容词good的最高级best，故填best。
3. 句子描述当前情况，主语为I，一般现在时中谓语动词用原形，故填remember。
4. 空格后为名词mind，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，I的形容词性物主代词为my，故填my。
5. and连接并列成分，前文为动名词playing，此处需用动名词，故将climb变为climbing。
6. leaf为可数名词，此处指多片叶子，需用复数形式，leaf的复数为leaves，故填leaves。
7. 固定搭配fall from...to...表示“从……落到……”，符合语境，故填from。
8. 前文提到以为树死了，后文说哭，为因果关系，需用连词So，故填So。
9. 此处描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，believe的过去式为believed，故填believed。
10. 主语vitality为不可数名词，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故将bring变为brings。
【答案】
harvesting; best; remember; my; climbing; leaves; from; So; believed; brings
【知识点】
词性转换、时态运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语语法填空的基础知识点，涵盖词性、时态、固定搭配等，需结合语境分析，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5

五、阅读表达
Different weather makes people feel different. It affects (影响) health, feelings and intelligence (智力).
In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have some health problems. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.
The weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. They feel hot and get angry easily.
The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a scientific report, the IQ (智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have higher intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse grades on exams in July and August, the hottest months of the year.
1. What’s the weather like in the southern part of the United States in August?

2. How might thin people feel during cold weather?

3. Who may have a hard time in hot summer?

4. When was the IQ of the group of students very high in a scientific report?

5. 新考法·开放设问 What do you learn from the passage?

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了不同天气对人们健康、情绪和智力的影响，如美国南北部不同季节的天气特点及带来的健康问题，天气对胖瘦人群情绪的影响，以及大风和高温对智商的影响，并通过具体例子进行了说明。
1. It is very hot and wet. 2. They might feel unhappy.
3. Fat people. 4. When a very strong wind came.
5. Different weather makes people feel different. It affects health, feelings and intelligence.（答案不唯一）

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解题与开放型主旨题。解题时，前4道细节题需根据题干关键词（如时间、地点、人物等）定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息作答；第5道开放题需结合文章主旨，围绕“天气对人的影响”核心内容组织语言，答案不唯一。
【解析】1. 定位原文第二段第一句“In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States.”，提取关键信息得出答案；2. 定位原文第三段“Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They might feel unhappy during cold weather.”，提取对应内容作答；3. 定位原文第三段“But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer.”，得出答案；4. 定位原文第四段“the IQ of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came.”，提取对应内容；5. 结合文章主旨句“Different weather makes people feel different. It affects health, feelings and intelligence.”作答，符合要求即可。
【答案】1. It is very hot and wet. 2. They might feel unhappy. 3. Fat people. 4. When a very strong wind came. 5. Different weather makes people feel different. It affects health, feelings and intelligence.（答案不唯一）
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨归纳
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解常规题型，前4题考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，难度较低；第5题考查对文章主旨的理解与表达，开放性较强，整体适合中等水平学生完成。
【难度系数】0.6