Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词
1. I invited everyone I know to the birthday party, （包括）my new neighbour who just moved here last week.
2. Travelling can help us understand the world better and increase our （知识）that we can't learn in class.
3. The team was not well （保持平衡的）. So the teacher was thinking about dividing the students again.
4. When you have difficulty s the problem, you can ask me for help, and I will give you a helping hand.
5. I studied hard every day for the exam. T, I scored full marks.
6. To make my room tidy, I decided to get r of old toys by donating them.

1. including 2. knowledge 3. balanced 4. solving
5. Therefore 6. rid

【分析】
本题为根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写单词的基础题型，需结合词义、词性、固定搭配及句子逻辑逐一分析：
1. 第1题：汉语提示“包括”，此处需介词修饰名词短语，动词include的介词形式为including；
2. 第2题：汉语提示“知识”，knowledge为不可数名词，符合“增加知识”的语境；
3. 第3题：汉语提示“保持平衡的”，需形容词作表语，固定表达well balanced意为“平衡良好的”；
4. 第4题：固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth，结合首字母s和宾语the problem，需填solve的动名词形式；
5. 第5题：前后句为因果逻辑，结合首字母T，需填表示“因此”的副词，且句首大写；
6. 第6题：固定搭配get rid of意为“去除、摆脱”，结合首字母r和句意，需填rid。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据汉语提示“包括”，此处需介词，故填including；
2. 第2题：根据汉语提示“知识”，不可数名词knowledge符合语境，故填knowledge；
3. 第3题：根据汉语提示“保持平衡的”，形容词balanced与well构成固定表达，故填balanced；
4. 第4题：固定搭配have difficulty doing sth，solve的动名词形式为solving，故填solving；
5. 第5题：前后句为因果关系，Therefore表示“因此”，符合首字母要求，故填Therefore；
6. 第6题：固定搭配get rid of，结合首字母r，故填rid。
【答案】
1. including 2. knowledge 3. balanced 4. solving 5. Therefore 6. rid
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、固定搭配、词性运用
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型，考查核心单词的词义、词性及常用固定搭配，难度较低，是巩固英语基础的典型题目，需学生熟练掌握常见单词的用法。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. 用方框中所给单词或短语的正确形式填空
lead to; set up; create; effort; main; harm
1. Jack's in practising the piano daily paid off when he performed a lively melody at the school talent show.
2. In the meeting, the manager mentioned the accidents their carelessness to prevent them from happening again.
3. I spend my weekends reading adventure stories in the library.
4. The government more natural reserves in the next ten years, which means a lot to wildlife.
5. During the art festival, we used methods like leaf painting to show nature's beauty.
6. To reduce plastic waste, our class collects old water bottles and turns them into reusable plant pots.

1. effort(s) 2. led to 3. mainly
4. will set up/is going to set up
知识拓展 当你在对未来进行一般性的预测,且这种预测基于你的个人观点、直觉或猜测时,两者通常可以通用。
例子:
I think it will rain tomorrow.(我觉得明天会下雨。)
I think it is going to rain tomorrow.(我觉得明天会下雨。)
这种情况下,说话人只是在表达一种看法,没有本质区别。但在口语中,be going to 听起来更非正式。
5. creative 6. harmful

【分析】
本题为用方框内单词或短语的正确形式填空，需结合句子语境、词性、时态及词形变化规则解题：
1. 第1空需填名词作所有格Jack's的中心词，结合语境“日常练钢琴的______有回报”，方框中effort符合；
2. 第2空定语从句需匹配主句过去时态，用lead to的过去式；
3. 第3空需副词修饰动词spend，将形容词main转换为副词；
4. 第4空时间状语in the next ten years表将来，用一般将来时；
5. 第5空需形容词修饰名词methods，将动词create转换为形容词；
6. 第6空需形容词修饰名词短语plastic waste，将名词harm转换为形容词。
【解析】
1. 句意：Jack日常练钢琴的努力在学校才艺表演中演奏活泼旋律时得到了回报。effort作“努力”讲时，可数或不可数均可，故填effort(s)；
2. 句意：在会议上，经理提到了他们的粗心导致的事故，以防止此类事故再次发生。主句时态为过去式（mentioned），从句需用一般过去时，lead to的过去式为led to，故填led to；
3. 句意：我主要在周末去图书馆读冒险故事。此处需副词修饰动词spend，main的副词形式为mainly，故填mainly；
4. 句意：政府将在未来十年内建立更多自然保护区，这对野生动物意义重大。由时间状语in the next ten years可知，用一般将来时，set up的将来式为will set up或is going to set up，两者均可，故填will set up/is going to set up；
5. 句意：艺术节期间，我们用叶画等创意方法展现自然之美。此处需形容词修饰名词methods，create的形容词形式为creative，故填creative；
6. 句意：为减少有害塑料垃圾，我们班收集旧水瓶并将其变成可重复使用的花盆。此处需形容词修饰名词短语plastic waste，harm的形容词形式为harmful，故填harmful。
【答案】
1. effort(s) 2. led to 3. mainly 4. will set up/is going to set up 5. creative 6. harmful
【知识点】
英语词汇形式转换、动词时态运用、形容词与副词用法
【点评】
本题考查方框内单词/短语的正确形式运用，涵盖词性转换、动词时态等基础知识点，需结合句子语境分析，是初中英语基础题型，注重词汇的灵活运用。
【难度系数】
0.6

1. —There are 36 students in our class. But only passed the maths exam.
—That is to say, 27 students failed it. What a difficult exam!

A.a quarter
B.one third
C.two-thirds
D.three quarters

1. A 解析:考查分数表达。根据“There are 36 students”和“only ... passed”以及“27 students failed”可知,9 个学生通过了考试,$\frac{9}{36}=\frac{1}{4}=$ a quarter。故选 A。

【分析】首先，我们需要先算出通过数学考试的学生人数：班级总共有36名学生，27名不及格，因此及格人数为36减去27等于9人；接着计算及格人数占总人数的比例，即9除以36，结果为1/4；最后匹配选项中分数的英文表达，确定正确答案。
【解析】第一步，计算及格人数：总人数36人，不及格人数27人，所以及格人数=36-27=9人；第二步，计算及格人数占总人数的比例：9÷36=1/4；第三步，分析选项：a quarter表示四分之一，one third是三分之一，two-thirds是三分之二，three quarters是四分之三，1/4对应a quarter，因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】英语分数表达、数词用法
【点评】本题结合数学计算与英语分数表达，考查基础的数词用法，解题关键是先算出及格人数及占比，再匹配对应的分数英文表达，属于难度较低的基础题。
【难度系数】0.7

2. What is the structure of the sentence "She found Siyang Taoyuan Bridge beautiful."?

A.S+V+O
B.S+V+P
C.S+V+O+O
D.S+V+O+C

2. D 解析:考查句子结构辨析。S+V+O 主谓宾;S+V+P 主系表;S+V+O+O 主谓+双宾语;S+V+O+C 主谓宾+宾补。该句中,She 是主语(S),found 是谓语动词(V),Siyang Taoyuan Bridge 是宾语(O),beautiful 是宾语补足语(C),补充说明宾语的状态,构成“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)”结构。故选 D。

【分析】
首先明确英语五种基本句型的结构及各成分功能：S（主语）、V（谓语）、O（宾语）、P（表语）、C（宾语补足语）。再分析题干句子：第一步确定主语（S）为She；第二步确定谓语（V）为found；第三步确定宾语（O）为Siyang Taoyuan Bridge；第四步判断beautiful是补充说明宾语的状态，属于宾语补足语（C），由此确定句子结构。
【解析】
本题考查英语句子基本句型的辨析。常见的五种基本句型中，S+V+O为主谓宾结构，S+V+P为主系表结构，S+V+O+O为双宾语结构，S+V+O+C为主谓宾+宾语补足语结构。题干句子中，She是主语（S），found是谓语动词（V），Siyang Taoyuan Bridge是宾语（O），beautiful补充说明宾语的特征，是宾语补足语（C），符合S+V+O+C结构，故选D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
英语句子基本句型；宾语补足语
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法中五种基本句型的区分，需准确识别句子各成分的功能，尤其是宾语补足语与其他成分的差异，是英语语法的核心考点之一。
【难度系数】
0.5

3. Try again, you will make it. Mike failed many times, he never gave up.

A.but; but
B.and; but
C.or; and
D.and; and

3. B 解析:考查并列连词。“Try again, ... you will make it”是顺承的关系,用 and 连接;“Mike failed many times, ... he never gave up”是转折关系,用 but 连接。故选 B。

【分析】先判断两个句子的逻辑关系：第一句“Try again, ______ you will make it”是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的固定结构，表示顺承关系，意为“再试一次，你就会成功”，所以用并列连词and；第二句“Mike failed many times, ______ he never gave up”中，前半句说失败多次，后半句说从不放弃，是转折关系，所以用并列连词but，结合选项即可选出正确答案。
【解析】本题考查并列连词的用法。第一句中，“Try again”（再试一次）和“you will make it”（你会成功）是顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接；第二句中，“Mike failed many times”（迈克失败多次）和“he never gave up”（他从不放弃）是转折关系，应用并列连词but连接，因此正确选项为B。
【答案】B
【知识点】并列连词的用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础并列连词and与but的用法，核心是判断句子间的逻辑关系（顺承或转折），属于初中英语的基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7

4. The medical team three doctors and five nurses. They work together to save lives.

A.is made of
B.is made from
C.is made into
D.is made up of

4. D 解析:考查被动语态和短语辨析。is made of 意为“由……制成”;is made from 意为“由……制成”;is made into 意为“被制成”;is made up of 意为“由……组成”。根据“The medical team ... three doctors and five nurses”可知,医疗队由三名医生和五名护士组成。is made up of 意为“由……组成”,符合语境。故选 D。

【分析】首先需要辨析四个由make构成的短语的含义，再结合句子语境判断合适的选项。先回忆各短语：be made of表示“由……制成（能看出原材料）”，be made from表示“由……制成（看不出原材料）”，be made into表示“被制成……”，be made up of表示“由……组成”。句子表达的是医疗队的组成情况，需选对应含义的短语。
【解析】逐一分析选项：A选项is made of意为“由……制成（能看出原材料）”；B选项is made from意为“由……制成（看不出原材料）”；C选项is made into意为“被制成……”；D选项is made up of意为“由……组成”。根据句子“The medical team ... three doctors and five nurses”的语境，此处表示医疗队由成员组成，因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】动词短语辨析、语境理解
【点评】本题考查常见动词短语的辨析，需准确掌握短语含义并结合语境选择，属于基础题型，注重基础知识积累。
【难度系数】0.3

Ⅳ. 阅读与回答问题
（2025·滨州一模）Shi Guangyin is a farmer and eco-warrior（生态战士）from Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China. Born in 1952, he grew up in a small town near the Mu Us Desert, where sandstorms often destroyed crops, houses, and even people's lives. The local weather condition is terrible, and so is life for the locals. Growing up in such an environment, Shi knows how much pain and harm the sand can cause. As a child, Shi experienced the pain of losing his home because of sandstorms. At the age of 8, he lost his best friend in a sandstorm, which made him decide to fight against desertification（沙漠化）.
Fighting against the desert is not an easy job. In 1968, Shi started leading local people to plant trees in the desert. After years of hard work, he succeeded in finding ways to grow trees in the sand. In 1984, he sold 84 sheep and borrowed money to plant trees on 200 hectares of land. Although he had many difficulties, including failures in the harsh（艰苦）area of Langwosha, Shi never stopped fighting. In 1988, he finally succeeded in greening Langwosha by using new planting technology.
Shi was old. His son, Shi Zhanjun, continued planting trees but sadly died in a car accident while transporting trees. Shi's grandson, Shi Jianyang, then took up the responsibility. Together, they have turned 23,334 hectares of desert into green land.
Shi believes that fighting against desertification is his lifelong duty. He says, "I shall not stop planting trees until my last breath." His story shows how one person's will can make a big difference in protecting nature and living in harmony with the environment.
1. Where is Shi Guangyin from?

2. Why did Shi Guangyin decide to fight against desertification?

3. How did Shi Guangyin succeed in greening Langwosha?

4. Who took up the responsibility to plant trees after Shi's son died?

5. What can we learn from Shi's story?

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了石光银——一位来自陕西定边的农民和生态战士。他从小在沙漠边缘长大,亲眼目睹沙尘暴的危害,8 岁时在沙尘暴中失去了最好的朋友,这促使他决定与荒化作斗争。经过几十年的努力,他成功绿化了狼窝沙,他的儿子和孙子也继续他的事业。
1. Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China. 解析:根据“Shi Guangyin is a farmer and eco-warrior from Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China.”可知,石光银来自中国陕西省定边县。
2. Because he experienced the pain of losing his home and a friend in sandstorms. 解析:根据“As a child, Shi experienced the pain of losing his home because of sandstorms. At the age of 8, he lost his best friend in a sandstorm, which made him decide to fight against desertification.”可知,是因为他经历了在沙尘暴中失去家园和朋友的痛苦,所以他决定与沙漠化作斗争。
3. By using new planting technology. 解析:根据“he finally succeeded in greening Langwosha by using new planting technology”可知,是通过使用新的种植技术成功的。
4. Shi's grandson, Shi Jianyang. 解析:根据“Shi's grandson, Shi Jianyang, then took up the responsibility.”可知,石光银的孙子石健阳承担起了植树的责任。
5. One person's will can make a big difference in protecting nature.(开放性试题,言之有理即可)

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需针对每个问题回到原文定位关键信息句，提取对应内容整理作答。1-4题为细节理解题，直接查找原文对应信息即可；第5题为主旨感悟类开放性试题，需结合文章主旨合理表达。
【解析】
1. 根据原文第一段第一句“Shi Guangyin is a farmer and eco-warrior from Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China.”，可直接得出他的籍贯；
2. 根据第一段“As a child, Shi experienced the pain of losing his home because of sandstorms. At the age of 8, he lost his best friend in a sandstorm, which made him decide to fight against desertification.”，可知他因经历沙尘暴中失去家园和朋友的痛苦决定治沙；
3. 根据第二段最后一句“In 1988, he finally succeeded in greening Langwosha by using new planting technology.”，可知他绿化狼窝沙的方式；
4. 根据第三段“Shi's grandson, Shi Jianyang, then took up the responsibility.”，可知他儿子去世后承担植树责任的人；
5. 结合最后一段主旨，提炼出关于个人意志对环保的影响的感悟，开放性作答即可。
【答案】
1. Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China.
2. Because he experienced the pain of losing his home and a friend in sandstorms.
3. By using new planting technology.
4. Shi's grandson, Shi Jianyang.
5. One person's will can make a big difference in protecting nature.（开放性试题，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找、主旨感悟
【点评】
本题围绕石光银治沙的故事展开，考查学生快速定位原文细节信息的能力及对文章主旨的理解，题型包含细节题和开放性试题，整体难度适中，需学生仔细阅读原文，准确提取关键内容。
【难度系数】
0.6