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七、核心素养 社会主义先进文化 阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:科技与救灾 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
① The Chinese-made aircraft(飞机) are playing an important role in protecting the country's green mountains. Many models of newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)(无人机) are showing their ability to protect the environment. In recent years, they have been used to put out forest fires and do other dangerous tasks.
② In mid-March 2024, Yajiang County in Sichuan Province faced a challenging spring when a serious forest fire happened. However, the situation changed quickly as the new aircraft were used to support firefighting. The aircraft played a key role in finding what caused the fire and understanding its size. The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts. At the same time, the fixed-wing(固定机翼的) aircraft dropped water on certain areas. It stopped the fire and saved more of the forest. This was the first time that China had used large UAVs to carry out some tasks, like putting out forest fires. The move showed the advantages(优点) of these new aircraft and provided a new way to stay away from disasters.
③ These new aircraft were also used for other tasks. MA60 aircraft have been used not only for firefighting, but also for spring drought(干旱). In the spring of 2024, they increased the rounds of rainfall in Shaanxi Province. They have also played a key role in facing the challenges of the weather.
④ Clear waters and green mountains are not only natural wealth but also social wealth. As the technology improves, more Chinese-made aircraft will be developed in the future. They will reduce the influence of natural disasters on the country and protect people's lives and wealth.
1. What do we know about the UAVs in the task of Yajiang according to the passage?
A. They provided real-time heat pictures and maps.
B. They sent firefighters to the fire place.
C. They acted as communication tools among firefighters.
D. They watered the place to prevent the fire from spreading.
2.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By comparing facts.
C. By giving an example.
D. By reporting results.
3.（创新考法·篇章结构）Which is the right structure of the passage?
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:科技与救灾 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
① The Chinese-made aircraft(飞机) are playing an important role in protecting the country's green mountains. Many models of newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)(无人机) are showing their ability to protect the environment. In recent years, they have been used to put out forest fires and do other dangerous tasks.
② In mid-March 2024, Yajiang County in Sichuan Province faced a challenging spring when a serious forest fire happened. However, the situation changed quickly as the new aircraft were used to support firefighting. The aircraft played a key role in finding what caused the fire and understanding its size. The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts. At the same time, the fixed-wing(固定机翼的) aircraft dropped water on certain areas. It stopped the fire and saved more of the forest. This was the first time that China had used large UAVs to carry out some tasks, like putting out forest fires. The move showed the advantages(优点) of these new aircraft and provided a new way to stay away from disasters.
③ These new aircraft were also used for other tasks. MA60 aircraft have been used not only for firefighting, but also for spring drought(干旱). In the spring of 2024, they increased the rounds of rainfall in Shaanxi Province. They have also played a key role in facing the challenges of the weather.
④ Clear waters and green mountains are not only natural wealth but also social wealth. As the technology improves, more Chinese-made aircraft will be developed in the future. They will reduce the influence of natural disasters on the country and protect people's lives and wealth.
1. What do we know about the UAVs in the task of Yajiang according to the passage?
A. They provided real-time heat pictures and maps.
B. They sent firefighters to the fire place.
C. They acted as communication tools among firefighters.
D. They watered the place to prevent the fire from spreading.
2.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By comparing facts.
C. By giving an example.
D. By reporting results.
3.（创新考法·篇章结构）Which is the right structure of the passage?
答案
1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts.”可知,雅江火灾中无人机的作用是提供实时热成像图和地图。
2. C 行文方式题。第三段通过列举在陕西人工增雨、应对气象灾害的具体案例,来支撑“国产飞机还可用于其他任务”的观点,属于“举例论证”。
3. B 篇章结构题。本文采用“总—分—总”结构:第一段开篇点题,指出国产无人机在环保、防灾中发挥重要作用;第二、三段分别以四川雅江森林火灾、陕西春旱为例,具体说明国产飞机的应用场景和效果;第四段总结升华,强调绿水青山的重要性,展望国产飞机未来在防灾减灾、保护民生方面的价值。
2. C 行文方式题。第三段通过列举在陕西人工增雨、应对气象灾害的具体案例,来支撑“国产飞机还可用于其他任务”的观点,属于“举例论证”。
3. B 篇章结构题。本文采用“总—分—总”结构:第一段开篇点题,指出国产无人机在环保、防灾中发挥重要作用;第二、三段分别以四川雅江森林火灾、陕西春旱为例,具体说明国产飞机的应用场景和效果;第四段总结升华,强调绿水青山的重要性,展望国产飞机未来在防灾减灾、保护民生方面的价值。
解析
【分析】
本题为阅读理解题，需根据语篇内容解答三个不同类型的问题：第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文中雅江火灾里无人机的作用；第2题是行文方式题，需分析第三段支撑观点的方法；第3题是篇章结构题，需梳理各段落的逻辑关系判断结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段“The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts.”，可知无人机提供实时热成像图和地图，对应选项A；B选项“送消防员”、C选项“通讯工具”、D选项“洒水灭火”均不符合原文，故答案为A。
2. 第2题：第三段通过列举MA60飞机在陕西应对春旱、增加降雨量的具体案例，支撑“国产飞机还可用于其他任务”的观点，属于举例论证，对应选项C；A选项“列数字”、B选项“对比事实”、D选项“报告结果”均不符合，故答案为C。
3. 第3题：第一段总述国产飞机在环保、防灾中的重要作用；第二、三段分别以雅江森林火灾、陕西春旱为例，分述应用场景；第四段总结升华，展望国产飞机的未来价值，属于“总—分—总”结构，对应选项B；A、C、D结构均不符合，故答案为B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. B
【知识点】
细节理解题、行文方式、篇章结构
【点评】
本题围绕“科技与救灾”主题，考查阅读理解的核心题型，涵盖细节查找、论证方法判断、篇章结构分析，需学生精准定位原文信息、把握段落逻辑，符合中等难度的学业要求。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为阅读理解题，需根据语篇内容解答三个不同类型的问题：第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文中雅江火灾里无人机的作用；第2题是行文方式题，需分析第三段支撑观点的方法；第3题是篇章结构题，需梳理各段落的逻辑关系判断结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段“The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts.”，可知无人机提供实时热成像图和地图，对应选项A；B选项“送消防员”、C选项“通讯工具”、D选项“洒水灭火”均不符合原文，故答案为A。
2. 第2题：第三段通过列举MA60飞机在陕西应对春旱、增加降雨量的具体案例，支撑“国产飞机还可用于其他任务”的观点，属于举例论证，对应选项C；A选项“列数字”、B选项“对比事实”、D选项“报告结果”均不符合，故答案为C。
3. 第3题：第一段总述国产飞机在环保、防灾中的重要作用；第二、三段分别以雅江森林火灾、陕西春旱为例，分述应用场景；第四段总结升华，展望国产飞机的未来价值，属于“总—分—总”结构，对应选项B；A、C、D结构均不符合，故答案为B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. B
【知识点】
细节理解题、行文方式、篇章结构
【点评】
本题围绕“科技与救灾”主题，考查阅读理解的核心题型，涵盖细节查找、论证方法判断、篇章结构分析，需学生精准定位原文信息、把握段落逻辑，符合中等难度的学业要求。
【难度系数】
0.5
