四、阅读理解 主题:人与自我——身心健康 学科素养:思维品质 词数:约310 建议用时:8分钟
Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期), changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early.
Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time.
Here are some other benefits of later school start times:
More time for a healthy breakfast
When running late in the morning, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits.
With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning.
Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems
Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness.
When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with.
Better performance (表现) in study
Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn.
In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their eating, behaving and performing.
() 1. According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up?
A. Their low grades. B. Their empty stomachs.
C. Changes to their bodies’ sleep cycle. D. Their heavy homework.
() 2. 新考法·写作目的 What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage?
A. To explain reasons for students’ stress.
B. To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss.
C. To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food.
D. To introduce benefits of later school start times.
() 3. In which part of the website can you probably find this passage?
A. Education. B. Fashion. C. Sports. D. Technology.

【主旨大意】本文介绍了学校推迟上学时间，让中学生有足够的睡眠，对其身心健康发展和学业发展的好处。
1. C【点拨】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“However, in ... asleep early.”可知，青少年身体睡眠周期的变化使他们难以入睡。故选C。
2. D【点拨】写作意图题。通读短文内容可知，作者写作的意图是向我们介绍学校推迟上学时间的好处。故选D。
3. A【点拨】推理判断题。通读全文可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处，是关于学生教育的，最有可能在网站的“教育”部分看到这篇文章。故选A。

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、写作意图、推理判断三类题型。解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对各题目回到原文定位关键信息，分析选项与原文的匹配度，排除错误选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第一段“However, in adolescence (青春期), changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early.”可知，青少年身体睡眠周期的变化导致他们难以早睡，即可能熬夜，对应选项C。A选项低成绩是睡眠不足的结果，B选项空肚子是上学晚的影响，D选项作业重原文未提及，故选C。
2. 写作意图题：文章先指出青少年睡眠问题，提出学校推迟上学时间的建议，随后详细介绍推迟上学时间的好处，最后总结其对学生多方面的积极作用，因此作者的主要目的是介绍推迟上学时间的好处，对应选项D。A、B、C选项均偏离文章主旨，故选D。
3. 推理判断题：全文围绕学校推迟上学时间对学生的益处展开，属于教育类话题，因此最可能出现在网站的“教育”板块，对应选项A。B、C、D选项与文章主题无关，故选A。
【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解题、写作意图题、推理判断题
【点评】本题考查学生的英语阅读理解能力，题型常规，需学生准确定位原文信息、把握文章主旨，难度适中，适合中等水平学生解答。
【难度系数】0.6