2026年1课3练单元达标测试八年级英语上册译林版第101页答案
一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词
1. Our monitor always spends a lot of time helping with our class p
projects
.
2. I learned a lot about k
knowledge
of physics and the history of Chinese science.
3. Some people want to
kill
(杀死)the polar bear for its beautiful white coat.
4. She draws a picture to show how to
solve
(解决)the problem.
5. Students work in teams to work out
environmental
(环境的)problems.

答案

1. projects 2. knowledge 3. kill 4. solve
5. environmental

解析

【分析】
本题为根据首字母或汉语提示写单词的基础题,解题思路是:先理解每个句子的语境,再结合首字母或汉语提示,确定单词的词性、形式,最后填入合适的单词。具体步骤:1. 分析句子成分和语境,判断所需单词的含义;2. 结合首字母或汉语提示,匹配对应词汇;3. 检查词汇的形式(如名词单复数、动词形式、词性是否符合句子结构)。
【解析】
1. 句意:我们班长总是花很多时间帮我们做班级项目。结合首字母p,“project”意为“项目”,班级项目通常用复数形式,故填projects。
2. 句意:我学到了很多物理知识和中国科学史。结合首字母k,“knowledge”意为“知识”,为不可数名词,符合语境,故填knowledge。
3. 句意:有些人想为了北极熊漂亮的白色皮毛杀死它。“want to do sth.”是固定搭配,“杀死”的动词原形为kill,故填kill。
4. 句意:她画了一幅图来展示如何解决这个问题。“how to do sth.”结构中需用动词原形,“解决”对应solve,故填solve。
5. 句意:学生们分组解决环境问题。修饰名词“problems”需用形容词,“环境的”对应environmental,故填environmental。
【答案】
1. projects 2. knowledge 3. kill 4. solve 5. environmental
【知识点】
根据提示写单词;动词不定式;形容词的用法
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的运用,涉及名词单复数、固定搭配、词性辨析等基础知识点,是巩固英语词汇的典型题目,难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
1. (2025·南京秦淮区期末)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I see him playing basketball on the playground.”?

A.We will send her a birthday card.
B.They often fly kites on windy days.
C.All the classmates find Tom generous.
D.The new idea sounds really wonderful.

答案

1. C [解析]考查句子结构。句意:下列哪项与“我看见他在操场上打篮球”有相同的句子结构? We will send her a birthday card 我们将寄给她一张生日卡,主谓双宾结构;They often fly kites on windy days 他们经常在有风的日子放风筝,主谓宾结构;All the classmates find Tom generous 所有的同学都觉得汤姆很慷慨,主谓宾补结构;The new idea sounds really wonderful 这个新主意听起来真不错,主系表结构。句子“I see him playing basketball on the playground.”中:I为主语;see为谓语;him为宾语;playing basketball为宾补;on the playground为状语。选项C“All the classmates find Tom generous.”中:All the classmates为主语;find为谓语;Tom为宾语;generous为宾补。因此选项C结构与题干的句子都是“主+谓+宾+宾补”的结构。故选C。

解析

【分析】首先拆分题干句子“I see him playing basketball on the playground.”的句子成分:主语I,谓语see,宾语him,playing basketball是补充说明宾语动作的宾语补足语,on the playground是地点状语,因此该句结构为“主+谓+宾+宾补”。接下来需逐一分析各选项的句子结构,找出与题干结构一致的选项。
【解析】1. 分析题干结构:I(主)+ see(谓)+ him(宾)+ playing basketball(宾补),属于“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。2. 分析选项:A选项“We will send her a birthday card”是“主+谓+间接宾+直接宾”的主谓双宾结构;B选项“They often fly kites on windy days”是“主+谓+宾”的主谓宾结构;C选项“All the classmates find Tom generous”中,All the classmates(主)+ find(谓)+ Tom(宾)+ generous(宾补),与题干结构一致;D选项“The new idea sounds really wonderful”是“主+系+表”的主系表结构。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语句子结构;主+谓+宾+宾补结构
【点评】本题考查英语基本句子结构的辨析,解题核心是准确拆分句子成分,区分主谓双宾、主谓宾、主谓宾补、主系表等常见结构,属于基础题型,需学生掌握英语五种基本句子结构的特点。
【难度系数】0.5
2. To celebrate Teachers' Day, a party
was held
in the school hall yesterday evening.

A.will hold
B.was held
C.is held
D.holds

答案

2. B [解析]考查动词的时态和语态。句意:为了庆祝教师节,昨天晚上在学校礼堂举行了一个聚会。will hold一般将来时的主动语态;was held一般过去时的被动语态;is held一般现在时的被动语态;holds一般现在时的主动语态。根据“yesterday evening”可知,时态为一般过去时,聚会和举办之间为被动关系。故选B。

解析

【分析】首先根据句中时间状语yesterday evening(昨天晚上)确定句子时态为一般过去时;再分析主语a party(聚会)与谓语动词hold(举办)的逻辑关系,聚会是“被举办”,需使用被动语态;最后结合选项的时态和语态特征,选出正确答案。
【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语yesterday evening表明时态为一般过去时,主语a party与动词hold之间是被动关系,即“聚会被举办”,因此需使用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。选项A为一般将来时主动语态,选项C为一般现在时被动语态,选项D为一般现在时主动语态,均不符合要求;选项B为一般过去时被动语态,符合语境,故选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态;动词时态与语态辨析
【点评】本题结合具体语境考查时态和语态的综合运用,解题关键是先通过时间状语确定时态,再根据主语与谓语的主被动关系确定语态,属于基础题型,需熟练掌握被动语态的基本结构。
【难度系数】0.4
3. In our class,
three fifths
of the students
are
boys.

A.three fifth; are
B.three fifths; are
C.three fifths; is
D.three fifth; is

答案

3. B [解析]考查分数表达和主谓一致。句意:在我们班五分之三的学生是男生。当分数中的分子大于1时,分母需要加s,因此排除A和D两项。主语students是复数形式,谓语动词要用复数形式are,因此排除C项。故选B。

解析

【分析】这道题考查英语中分数的表达和主谓一致的用法,解题思路分两步:第一步,明确英语分数的表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母的序数词需加s;第二步,判断主谓一致:分数修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与所修饰的名词保持一致,据此逐步排除错误选项。
【解析】1. 分数表达:分子为three(大于1),分母fifth需变为fifths,因此正确分数形式是three fifths,排除A、D选项;2. 主谓一致:主语the students是复数,谓语动词需用复数are,排除C选项,故答案为B。
【答案】B
【知识点】分数表达、主谓一致
【点评】本题考查英语基础语法中的分数表达和主谓一致规则,属于初中英语常见基础考点,只要牢记相关规则即可正确解答。
【难度系数】0.7
4. (2024·无锡中考)I know how busy you are and I won't
take up
too much of your time.

A.take up
B.set up
C.make up
D.put up

答案

4. A [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意:我知道你很忙,我不会占用你太多时间。take up占用;set up建立;make up编造,占据;put up张贴。故选A。

解析

【分析】首先理解句子句意:我知道你很忙,我不会________你太多时间。接着辨析四个选项的动词短语含义,结合语境选择符合句意的短语。
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项take up意为“占用(时间、空间等)”;B选项set up意为“建立;设立”;C选项make up意为“编造;组成;化妆”;D选项put up意为“张贴;搭建;举起”。根据句意“我知道你很忙,我不会占用你太多时间”,此处表示“占用时间”,故应选take up。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词短语辨析
【点评】本题为中考基础题,考查常见动词短语的词义辨析,结合句子语境即可快速选出正确答案,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
5. (2025·泰州姜堰区期中)
On
a cold evening, I got to the station very late, but
luckily
the train was still there.

A.On; luckily
B.In; happily
C.At; unluckily
D.For; finally

答案

5. A [解析]考查介词及副词辨析。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,我很晚才到车站,但幸运的是火车还在那里。on在(某一天),用于具体的日期或星期、中午、早上、晚上等;in在,用于月份、季节、年份等较长的时间段;at在(某时间或时刻);for为了;luckily幸运的是;happily快乐地;unluckily不幸的是;finally最后。根据第一个空后的“a cold evening”可知,此处表示具体一天的晚上,用on;根据“I got to the station very late, but...the train was still there”的语境可知,到车站很晚但火车还在那里,这应该是幸运的。故选A。

解析

【分析】首先,本题考查时间介词和副词的辨析。第一步,判断时间介词:当表示带有修饰词的具体某一天的早、中、晚时,需用介词on;第二步,分析副词语境:前半句提到很晚到车站,后半句转折说明火车还在,这是幸运的情况,需选对应副词,结合选项即可得出答案。
【解析】首先,时间介词的用法:具体某一天的早、中、晚(如带有修饰词“cold”的evening)前,需用介词on,因此第一空填on;其次,副词辨析:根据语境“很晚到车站但火车还在”,这是幸运的事,luckily意为“幸运地”,符合语境,happily(快乐地)、unluckily(不幸地)、finally(最后)均不符合,因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】时间介词辨析、副词辨析
【点评】本题为基础的介词与副词辨析题,需准确掌握时间介词的搭配规则和副词的语境含义,难度较低,适合巩固基础知识点。
【难度系数】0.7
三、根据汉语提示或要求完成句子
1. 加入环保组织并做志愿者是有意义的。
It is meaningful
to
join
an environmental group and
work
as
a volunteer.
2. 我写信是想请你帮助保护海洋。
I am writing to
ask
for
your
help
in protecting the ocean.
3. 海洋中有数以百万吨计的塑料垃圾。
There are
millions
of
tons
of plastic waste in the ocean.
4. My parents got up so early that they could caught the early train this morning.(同义句改写)
My parents got up early
in
order
to
the early train this morning.
5. The ocean offers us space to have fun.(同义句改写)
The ocean
offers
space to have fun
to
us.

答案

1. to join; work as 2. ask for your help 3. millions of tons 4. in order to catch 5. offers; to/provide; for

解析

【分析】本题为根据汉语提示完成句子及同义句改写题,解题思路为:1. 结合It is + adj. + to do sth的固定句型,及“加入组织”“做志愿者”的固定搭配填写;2. 运用“请求某人帮助”的固定短语作答;3. 记忆“数以百万吨计”的固定英文表达;4. 掌握so...that句型与in order to引导目的状语的同义转换规则;5. 利用offer与provide的双宾语结构转换(offer sth to sb = provide sth for sb)完成改写。
【解析】1. 考查固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth,故前两空填to join;“做志愿者”的固定搭配为work as a volunteer,故后两空填work as。2. 考查固定搭配ask for one's help(请求某人帮助),to后接动词原形,故填ask for your help。3. “数以百万吨计”的固定英文表达为millions of tons,故填millions of tons。4. so...that(如此……以至于)引导结果状语从句,可转换为in order to(为了)引导目的状语,后接动词原形,故填in order to catch。5. offer sth to sb与provide sth for sb均表示“给某人提供某物”,主语the ocean为第三人称单数,故填offers; to 或 provide; for。
【答案】1. to join; work as 2. ask for your help 3. millions of tons 4. in order to catch 5. offers; to/provide; for
【知识点】固定搭配、同义句转换、固定句型
【点评】本题主要考查英语基础的固定短语、句型及同义转换的运用,属于英语学习中的核心基础内容,需学生日常积累常见表达。
【难度系数】0.6
四、(2025·南京建邺区期末)首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词。
字数:261 体裁:说明文 核心素养:思维品质
话题:地球日 难度:难 建议用时:7分钟
Have you ever heard of Earth Day? On Earth Day, we think about life on our beautiful planet. People celebrate Earth Day on April 22 of every year. That is the middle of spring, s 1 it is a good time for planting trees and flowers. Many people plant things in honour of Earth Day. Some people c 2 up rubbish. At school on Earth Day, students learn about h 3 the earth. Teachers often talk about pollution. Students learn about reducing pollution.
Do you know w 4 it started? The first Earth Day was celebrated by 20 million people who came from t 5 of schools and communities across America on April 22, 1970. The 30th anniversary of Earth Day was in 2000. At that time, important people from many countries gathered together and wrote a paper. It says our planet is in trouble. We can f 6 it, however. We just need to do certain things. We must think about our planet every day. Also, we should r 7 Earth Day every year.
Today, many countries do things in honour of Earth Day. Do you want to do s 8 for Earth Day too? Here are some things we can do. First, plant new trees. Second, don't throw cans or paper on the ground. You should pick up garbage that is on the ground. Third, save water. Don't keep the tap r 9 when you leave. Fourth, turn off the lights that we are not u 10. It's not that difficult to help. Let's think of every day as Earth Day.
Join us to help protect our beautiful planet!
1.
so
2.
clean
3.
helping

4.
when
5.
thousands
6.
fix

7.
remember
8.
something
9.
running

10.
using

答案

1. so 2. clean 3. helping 4. when
5. thousands 6. fix 7. remember 8. something
9. running 10. using

解析

【分析】本题为说明文主题的首字母填空题,解题思路如下:1. 通读全文,明确文章围绕“地球日”展开,掌握整体语境;2. 逐句分析每个空格的前后逻辑、语法结构,判断所需单词的词性、词义;3. 结合首字母提示,匹配符合语境的单词,同时注意词形变化(如动名词、复数等),确保填入后语句通顺、语法正确。
【解析】1. 前句说明地球日在4月22日(春季中期),后句表结果“因此是种植的好时机”,故填连词so;2. 固定搭配clean up意为“打扫”,主语people为复数,一般现在时用动词原形,故填clean;3. 介词about后接动名词,结合语境“学生学习帮助地球”,故填helping;4. 下句回答地球日开始的时间,故此处问“什么时候”,填when;5. 固定搭配thousands of意为“成千上万的”,修饰schools and communities,故填thousands;6. 前句指出地球有麻烦,后句表转折“我们能修复它”,故填动词fix;7. 情态动词should后接动词原形,结合语境“每年应记住地球日”,故填remember;8. 疑问句中表示“某事”,用于希望得到肯定回答,故填something;9. 固定搭配keep sth doing意为“让某物一直做某事”,此处指水龙头一直流,故填running;10. 语境为“关掉不用的灯”,be not后接动名词,故填using。
【答案】1.so 2.clean 3.helping 4.when 5.thousands 6.fix 7.remember 8.something 9.running 10.using
【知识点】首字母填空、词汇运用、固定搭配
【点评】本题围绕“地球日”话题,考查学生对语境的理解、常用词汇及固定搭配的掌握,需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则解题,难度适中偏难。
【难度系数】0.4