[课堂再现]
1. The Giant has been away for a long time.
2. Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.
3. We have played basketball for half a year.
4. How long have you been like this?
[规则探究]
现在完成时
在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，
通常要与表示一段时间的 连用，这类状语
通常由 for 或 since 引导。需要注意的是，for 后接
，而 since 后多接 。在对现在完
成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用 。
注意：现在完成时后接时间段时，谓语要用
（延续性动词/终止性动词）。

1. 时间状语
2. 一段时间
3. 时间点
4. how long
5. 延续性动词

【分析】
本题考查现在完成时的语法规则，解题思路是结合给出的例句，回忆现在完成时表动作/状态持续到现在时的时间状语搭配、提问方式及动词要求，对应每个空填写正确内容。
【解析】
现在完成时表示行为或状态从过去持续到现在时，通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语常由for或since引导：for后接一段时间，since后多接时间点；对这类时间状语提问用how long；且现在完成时后接时间段时，谓语需用延续性动词（终止性动词不能与时间段连用）。
【答案】
1. 时间状语
2. 一段时间
3. 时间点
4. how long
5. 延续性动词
【知识点】
现在完成时、for与since的用法、延续性动词
【点评】
本题是现在完成时的基础语法识记题，聚焦现在完成时表持续的核心规则，是初中英语语法的重点内容，帮助学生夯实现在完成时的时间搭配和动词使用要求。
【难度系数】
0.7

一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. [2026 大庆期末]I ______ (write) three compositions since the beginning of this term.
2. [2026 营口期末]Miss Zhang (teach) us English since we came here.
3. [2026 商洛期末]Jimmy Teng (make) many friends online since then.
4. He (learn) English for five years and he can speak it very well now.
5. Jason (be) in China for one week. He has enjoyed his stay very much.

1. have written
2. has taught
3. has made
4. has learned/has learnt
5. has been

【分析】
这几道题考查现在完成时的用法，解题思路是：先识别句中表时间段的时间标志词（如since、for），确定时态为现在完成时；再根据主语的人称和数，选择助动词have或has；最后将括号内的动词转换为过去分词形式，填入空格即可。
【解析】
1. 时间状语为since the beginning of this term，是现在完成时的标志，主语为I，助动词用have，write的过去分词是written，故填have written；
2. 时间状语为since we came here，主语Miss Zhang是第三人称单数，助动词用has，teach的过去分词是taught，故填has taught；
3. 时间状语为since then，主语Jimmy Teng是第三人称单数，助动词用has，make的过去分词是made，故填has made；
4. 时间状语为for five years，主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has，learn的过去分词为learned/learnt，故填has learned/has learnt；
5. 时间状语为for one week，主语Jason是第三人称单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词是been，故填has been。
【答案】
1. have written
2. has taught
3. has made
4. has learned/has learnt
5. has been
【知识点】
现在完成时；动词过去分词
【点评】
本题围绕现在完成时的核心考点命题，通过时间状语判断时态是解题关键，属于英语基础时态的常规考查，需牢记现在完成时的结构及常见时间标志词。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、句型转换。
1. He joined the League in 2021. (改为同义句)
He a League member 2021.
2. [2026 钦州期末]Betty borrowed the book a week ago. (改为同义句)
Betty the book for a week.
3. [2025 合肥期中]He has lived in Beijing for five years. (改为同义句)
He has lived in Beijing five years .
4. They have lived here for twenty years. (改为同义句,并对画线部分提问)
They have lived here .
have they lived here?

1. has been; since
2. has kept
3. since; ago
4. since twenty years ago; How long

【分析】
本题考查现在完成时的同义转换，核心是掌握短暂性动词与延续性动词的替换规则、时间状语的同义表达，以及对时间段的提问方式。解题关键：1. 短暂性动词（如join、borrow）不能与时间段状语连用，需转换为对应延续性动词（如be、keep）；2. 时间状语中“in+过去年份”可换为“since+过去年份”，“for+时间段”可换为“since+时间段+ago”；3. 对“for+时间段”提问用How long。
【解析】
1. 原句join是短暂性动词，改为现在完成时的延续性表达be a League member，时间状语in 2021对应since 2021，故填has been; since。
2. 原句borrow是短暂性动词，与时间段for a week连用时需换延续性动词keep，现在完成时结构为has kept，故填has kept。
3. 原句for five years的同义表达为since five years ago，故填since; ago。
4. for twenty years的同义表达为since twenty years ago；对时间段提问用How long，故依次填since twenty years ago; How long。
【答案】
1. has been; since
2. has kept
3. since; ago
4. since twenty years ago; How long
【知识点】
现在完成时（短暂性与延续性动词转换）、时间状语同义替换、特殊疑问句（对时间段提问）
【点评】
本题围绕现在完成时的核心考点设置，重点考查短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换、时间状语的同义替换，以及时间段的提问方式，是初中英语现在完成时的基础题型，需熟练掌握相关规则。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、选词填空。
teach change meet learn become
share discover happen
Friendship has always been one of the most important parts of my life. Over the years, I 1. that true friends are like stars—they shine brightest during dark times.
Since I started middle school, I 2. many classmates, but only a few 3. my closest friends. We 4. laughter during lunch breaks and have helped each other with homework. Their kindness 5. me that friendship means giving without expecting anything in return.
Friendship 6. how I see the world. Through my friends, I 7. new hobbies, like painting and cycling. We have created unforgettable memories, such as organising a surprise birthday party for our teacher. Even when disagreements 8. , we have learned to listen and forgive.
In the end, I have realised that friendship isn't just about fun—it's about trust, growth, and facing challenges together.

1. have learned/have learnt
2. have met
3. have become
4. have shared
5. has taught
6. has changed
7. have discovered
8. happen

【分析】
本题为选词填空，需结合语境、时间标志词判断动词时态，再匹配给定动词（teach、change、meet、learn、become、share、discover、happen）的正确形式。首先明确：现在完成时的标志词如Over the years、Since+过去时间点，对应结构为have/has+动词过去分词；描述常态用一般现在时。再根据主语单复数确定助动词，最后转换动词为正确形式。
【解析】
1. 时间状语“Over the years”是现在完成时标志，主语为I，动词learn的过去分词为learned/learnt，故填have learned/have learnt。
2. 时间状语“Since I started middle school”是现在完成时标志，主语为I，动词meet的过去分词为met，故填have met。
3. 语境意为“几个同学成为亲密朋友”，用现在完成时，主语a few指代复数，动词become的过去分词为become，故填have become。
4. 语境意为“分享笑声”，用现在完成时，主语为We，动词share的过去分词为shared，故填have shared。
5. 主语“Their kindness”为不可数名词，现在完成时助动词用has，动词teach的过去分词为taught，故填has taught。
6. 主语“Friendship”为不可数名词，现在完成时助动词用has，动词change的过去分词为changed，故填has changed。
7. 语境意为“发现新爱好”，用现在完成时，主语为I，动词discover的过去分词为discovered，故填have discovered。
8. 语境描述常态“出现分歧”，用一般现在时，主语disagreements为复数，动词用原形，故填happen。
【答案】
1. have learned/have learnt
2. have met
3. have become
4. have shared
5. has taught
6. has changed
7. have discovered
8. happen
【知识点】
现在完成时、一般现在时、动词形式变化
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，围绕动词时态展开，重点考查现在完成时的标志词识别与运用，需结合主语单复数确定助动词，核心是掌握时态的基本规则。
【难度系数】
0.5