2026年能力培养与测试八年级英语上册人教版第48页答案
Ⅰ. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1. The bridge is 300 m
metres/meters
long.
2. He is a major c
character
in the book.
3. The car a
accident
happened at 3 p.m.
4. I didn't
expect
(预料) him to become a successful writer.
5. Everyone in the group
exchanged
(交换) email addresses yesterday.
6. The fairy tale was about a young
prince
(王子) who saved the kingdom.

答案

1. metres/meters 2. character 3. accident
4. expect 5. exchanged 6. prince

解析

【分析】
这类题目需结合句子语境、首字母提示或汉语提示填写正确的英语单词,解题时先理解句意,再匹配对应提示,同时注意单词的正确形式(如名词单复数、动词时态等)。具体思路:1题需填长度单位“米”的复数形式,匹配首字母m;2题需填书里的“角色”,匹配首字母c;3题需填“事故”,匹配首字母a;4题根据汉语“预料”,结合didn't后接动词原形;5题根据汉语“交换”,结合时间状语yesterday用一般过去式;6题根据汉语“王子”填名词原形。
【解析】
1. 句意:这座桥长300米,首字母为m,“米”的复数形式是metres/meters,故填metres/meters;
2. 句意:他是这本书里的主要角色,首字母为c,“角色”是character,故填character;
3. 句意:汽车事故发生在下午3点,首字母为a,“事故”是accident,故填accident;
4. 句意:我没预料到他成为一名成功的作家,“预料”是expect,didn't后接动词原形,故填expect;
5. 句意:小组里每个人昨天交换了邮箱地址,时间状语yesterday表明用一般过去时,“交换”的过去式是exchanged,故填exchanged;
6. 句意:这个童话是关于拯救王国的年轻王子,“王子”是prince,故填prince。
【答案】
1. metres/meters 2. character 3. accident 4. expect 5. exchanged 6. prince
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、动词时态、名词拼写
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的运用,要求学生结合句意、首字母或汉语提示准确填词,同时注意单词的正确形式(如时态、单复数),属于英语基础题型,侧重核心词汇的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅱ. 用“more than/more… than”或“less than/less… than”填空。
1. A shy person talks
less than
an outgoing person.
2. A direct person is
more
likely to express his opinion
than
a shy person.
3. A lazy worker finishes tasks
less than
a hard-working one.
4. A serious person is
less
playful
than
a humorous person.
5. A hard-working student studies
more than
a lazy student.

答案

1. less than 2. more, than 3. less than
4. less, than 5. more than

解析

【分析】首先明确每个句子的主语与对比对象的属性差异,判断是“更多/更可能/更少”的比较关系,再匹配对应的比较短语:more than(比…多,修饰数量或程度)、more…than(比…更…,修饰形容词/副词)、less than(比…少)、less…than(比…更少…)。
【解析】1. 害羞的人比外向的人说话更少,故填less than;2. 直接的人比害羞的人更可能表达观点,故填more, than;3. 懒惰的工人比努力的工人完成任务更少,故填less than;4. 严肃的人比幽默的人更少爱玩,故填less, than;5. 努力的学生比懒惰的学生学习更多,故填more than。
【答案】1. less than 2. more, than 3. less than 4. less, than 5. more than
【知识点】形容词比较级,固定比较短语用法
【点评】本题考查英语中表示程度或数量比较的固定短语的运用,需结合主语和对比对象的特征选择合适短语,属于基础的比较级应用题型,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
Ⅲ. 用方框内单词的适当形式完成句子。
shy outgoing lazy direct serious
1. Lily is much
shyer
than Mia. She never likes to start conversations.
2. Benjamin is
less outgoing
than James. He doesn't enjoy speaking in front of the crowd.
3. Noah is very
serious
about his studies, but James prefers to joke around.
4. Ava is
more direct
than Oliver. She always tells people exactly what she thinks.
5. Liam is
lazier
than Benjamin. He never finishes his homework on time.

答案

1. shyer 2. less outgoing 3. serious
4. more direct 5. lazier

解析

【分析】
解题思路:1. 先通读句子,理解每个句子的语境;2. 观察句子中的关键标志词,如出现than时需用形容词的比较级形式,出现very等词时用形容词原级;3. 结合方框内单词的含义,匹配语境选择对应单词,再转换为正确的形式。
【解析】
1. 句中有than,需用比较级,结合“从不主动开启对话”的语境,选shy,其比较级为shyer;
2. 句中有than,结合“不喜欢当众说话”的语境,表达“不如James外向”,故用less outgoing;
3. 句中very后接形容词原级,结合“学习上”的语境,选serious;
4. 句中有than,结合“直接说出想法”的语境,选direct,其比较级为more direct;
5. 句中有than,结合“不按时完成作业”的语境,选lazy,其比较级为lazier。
【答案】
1. shyer 2. less outgoing 3. serious 4. more direct 5. lazier
【知识点】
形容词比较级;形容词原级
【点评】
本题考查形容词的适当形式,核心是比较级的运用,需学生掌握比较级的变化规则,结合语境和标志词(than、very)解题,属于基础题型,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅳ. 用方框内单词的适当形式补全短文。
average spare especially pleasure pleasant
population personality alike novel besides
Emma enjoys reading in her 1.
spare
time, and her favourite is mystery. She recently finished a nice 2.
novel
about a detective(侦探) solving a hard problem. 3.
Besides
gaining happiness, she also learned a lot. Emma and her best friend, Sophia, are very 4.
alike
in their interests, as they both love reading. However, their 5.
personalities
are quite different—Emma is quiet and thoughtful, while Sophia is more outgoing and talkative. They both find it a 6.
pleasant
experience to discuss books together, 7.
especially
when they read the same story. Their town has a small 8.
population
compared to the nearby city, but it has a wonderful library where they spend hours exploring new books. On a(n) 9.
average
day, Emma reads for at least an hour before bed. She finds it a 10.
pleasure
to read.

答案

1. spare 2. novel 3. Besides
4. alike 5. personalities 6. pleasant
7. especially 8. population 9. average
10. pleasure

解析

【分析】
本题为用方框内单词适当形式补全短文的题型,解题思路如下:①先通读全文,把握文章主旨大意;②分析每个空缺处的词性(如形容词、名词、副词等)及语境逻辑;③从方框给出的单词中筛选匹配的词汇,注意必要的形式变化(如名词复数);④将所选词汇代入空缺处,验证是否符合语法规则与上下文语义。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配“in spare time”表示“在空闲时间”,故填spare;
2. 前文提到喜欢神秘类读物,此处指一本关于侦探的小说,故填novel;
3. 后文“还学到很多”是在“获得快乐”之外的内容,“Besides”表示“除……之外还有”,符合语境,故填Besides;
4. 后文提到两人都爱读书,说明兴趣相似,“alike”为形容词,意为“相似的”,作表语,故填alike;
5. 后文分别描述两人的性格,此处指两人的性格(复数概念),“personality”的复数为personalities,故填personalities;
6. 此处修饰名词“experience”,需用形容词,“pleasant”意为“愉快的”,符合语境,故填pleasant;
7. 此处强调“读同一本故事时”的情况,需用副词,“especially”意为“尤其”,故填especially;
8. 此处描述小镇的“人口”与附近城市的对比,“population”意为“人口”,故填population;
9. 此处修饰名词“day”,需用形容词,“average”意为“平均的”,“on an average day”表示“在平均一天里”,故填average;
10. 固定搭配“a pleasure”表示“一件乐事”,故填pleasure。
【答案】
1. spare 2. novel 3. Besides 4. alike 5. personalities 6. pleasant 7. especially 8. population 9. average 10. pleasure
【知识点】
词汇运用、词性辨析、短文填空
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇在语境中的灵活运用,需结合固定搭配、词性变化及上下文逻辑解题,题型常规,适合初中英语词汇巩固练习。
【难度系数】
0.6