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五、阅读理解
Housework is an endless argument (争论) between lazy husbands and their hard-working wives, but women are warned not to expect men to share housework any time soon.
A study from Oxford University has found it seems impossible for men to be doing an equal share of housework before 2050. Mothers will continue to shoulder the burden (负担) of childcare and housework for the next thirty years, largely because housework such as cleaning and cooking is still thought of to be "women's work".
The gap (鸿沟) has narrowed slowly over the past thirty years. Women expect true equality (平等). But what makes them down is that it will take another thirty years before it is achieved.
The research has found that in the northern part of Europe, the burden of housework is shared more equally between men and women. In the UK, a woman spends around four hours and forty minutes each day on housework, compared with two hours and twenty-eight minutes for men. This is an improvement from the 1960s, when British women typically (典型地) spent six hours a day on housework, while men spent just ninety minutes every day.
But progress towards housework equality appears to be slowing in some countries. Dr Oriel Sullivan, a research reader, said, "We've looked at what is influencing the equality at home, and we have found that certain tasks seem to be given according to whether they are viewed as 'men's work' or 'women's work'."
Dr Sullivan said cultural attitudes (态度) taught at school may decide the views of housework. "At school it is much easier for a girl to be a tomboy (假小子), but it is much more difficult for a boy to enjoy cooking and dancing," she said.
(
A. men are too busy to help
B. they would like to do so
C. they can do it better
D. it is considered as women's work
(
A. the research B. the housework C. true equality D. the gap
(
A. men now spend just ninety minutes a day on housework
B. women now are too busy with their work to do housework
C. women now spend less time on housework than before
D. housework is shared equally between men and women
(
A. Argument about housework between husbands and wives will end.
B. Women will be doing more housework than men until 2050.
C. Men are unable to help their wives with housework.
D. Women spend less time on housework while men spend more than before.
Housework is an endless argument (争论) between lazy husbands and their hard-working wives, but women are warned not to expect men to share housework any time soon.
A study from Oxford University has found it seems impossible for men to be doing an equal share of housework before 2050. Mothers will continue to shoulder the burden (负担) of childcare and housework for the next thirty years, largely because housework such as cleaning and cooking is still thought of to be "women's work".
The gap (鸿沟) has narrowed slowly over the past thirty years. Women expect true equality (平等). But what makes them down is that it will take another thirty years before it is achieved.
The research has found that in the northern part of Europe, the burden of housework is shared more equally between men and women. In the UK, a woman spends around four hours and forty minutes each day on housework, compared with two hours and twenty-eight minutes for men. This is an improvement from the 1960s, when British women typically (典型地) spent six hours a day on housework, while men spent just ninety minutes every day.
But progress towards housework equality appears to be slowing in some countries. Dr Oriel Sullivan, a research reader, said, "We've looked at what is influencing the equality at home, and we have found that certain tasks seem to be given according to whether they are viewed as 'men's work' or 'women's work'."
Dr Sullivan said cultural attitudes (态度) taught at school may decide the views of housework. "At school it is much easier for a girl to be a tomboy (假小子), but it is much more difficult for a boy to enjoy cooking and dancing," she said.
(
D
) 1. Women will continue to do more housework before 2050 mainly because it is considered as women's work
.A. men are too busy to help
B. they would like to do so
C. they can do it better
D. it is considered as women's work
(
C
) 2. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to true equality
.A. the research B. the housework C. true equality D. the gap
(
C
) 3. From Paragraph 4 we know that in the UK women now spend less time on housework than before
.A. men now spend just ninety minutes a day on housework
B. women now are too busy with their work to do housework
C. women now spend less time on housework than before
D. housework is shared equally between men and women
(
B
) 4. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Argument about housework between husbands and wives will end.
B. Women will be doing more housework than men until 2050.
C. Men are unable to help their wives with housework.
D. Women spend less time on housework while men spend more than before.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：解题时需定位原文关键信息，题目询问2050年前女性仍承担更多家务的主要原因，回到文章第二段，找到“largely because housework such as cleaning and cooking is still thought of to be 'women's work'”这一句，即可得出答案。
2. 第2题：对于指代题，需结合上下文语境分析。第三段提到“Women expect true equality (平等). But what makes them down is that it will take another thirty years before it is achieved.”，这里的“it”指代前文提到的女性期待的“true equality”，因为句子表达的是真正的平等需要30年才能实现。
3. 第3题：分析第四段英国的家务时间数据，原文指出现在英国女性每天做家务约4小时40分钟，而1960年代通常是6小时，对比可知现在女性做家务的时间比以前少，据此判断选项。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，文章开篇点明2050年前男性无法平等分担家务，女性仍会承担更多家务负担，后续段落围绕这一核心展开现状分析和原因探讨，因此主旨是女性到2050年仍会比男性做更多家务。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第二段“Mothers will continue to shoulder the burden of childcare and housework for the next thirty years, largely because housework such as cleaning and cooking is still thought of to be 'women's work'”，可知主要原因是家务被认为是女性的工作，故选D。
2. 第2题：第三段中“Women expect true equality. But what makes them down is that it will take another thirty years before it is achieved”，此处“it”指代前文的“true equality”，因为句子表达的是真正的平等需要30年才能实现，故选C。
3. 第3题：由第四段“In the UK, a woman spends around four hours and forty minutes each day on housework... This is an improvement from the 1960s, when British women typically spent six hours a day on housework”可知，现在英国女性做家务的时间比过去少了，A选项是1960年代男性的家务时间，B选项文中未提及，D选项“平等分担”不符合原文，故选C。
4. 第4题：文章开篇指出“it seems impossible for men to be doing an equal share of housework before 2050. Mothers will continue to shoulder the burden of childcare and housework for the next thirty years”，后续内容围绕这一核心展开，因此主旨是到2050年女性仍会比男性做更多家务，A选项“争论结束”错误，C选项“男性无法帮忙”不符合文意，D选项是部分细节而非主旨，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节查找题
2. 指代判断题
3. 主旨归纳题
【点评】
这篇阅读理解围绕家务分工平等的社会话题展开，涵盖了阅读理解常见的三类题型。解题时需精准定位原文信息，结合上下文逻辑分析指代内容，同时提炼全文核心观点归纳主旨，能有效锻炼学生的信息提取与逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：解题时需定位原文关键信息，题目询问2050年前女性仍承担更多家务的主要原因，回到文章第二段，找到“largely because housework such as cleaning and cooking is still thought of to be 'women's work'”这一句，即可得出答案。
2. 第2题：对于指代题，需结合上下文语境分析。第三段提到“Women expect true equality (平等). But what makes them down is that it will take another thirty years before it is achieved.”，这里的“it”指代前文提到的女性期待的“true equality”，因为句子表达的是真正的平等需要30年才能实现。
3. 第3题：分析第四段英国的家务时间数据，原文指出现在英国女性每天做家务约4小时40分钟，而1960年代通常是6小时，对比可知现在女性做家务的时间比以前少，据此判断选项。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，文章开篇点明2050年前男性无法平等分担家务，女性仍会承担更多家务负担，后续段落围绕这一核心展开现状分析和原因探讨，因此主旨是女性到2050年仍会比男性做更多家务。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第二段“Mothers will continue to shoulder the burden of childcare and housework for the next thirty years, largely because housework such as cleaning and cooking is still thought of to be 'women's work'”，可知主要原因是家务被认为是女性的工作，故选D。
2. 第2题：第三段中“Women expect true equality. But what makes them down is that it will take another thirty years before it is achieved”，此处“it”指代前文的“true equality”，因为句子表达的是真正的平等需要30年才能实现，故选C。
3. 第3题：由第四段“In the UK, a woman spends around four hours and forty minutes each day on housework... This is an improvement from the 1960s, when British women typically spent six hours a day on housework”可知，现在英国女性做家务的时间比过去少了，A选项是1960年代男性的家务时间，B选项文中未提及，D选项“平等分担”不符合原文，故选C。
4. 第4题：文章开篇指出“it seems impossible for men to be doing an equal share of housework before 2050. Mothers will continue to shoulder the burden of childcare and housework for the next thirty years”，后续内容围绕这一核心展开，因此主旨是到2050年女性仍会比男性做更多家务，A选项“争论结束”错误，C选项“男性无法帮忙”不符合文意，D选项是部分细节而非主旨，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节查找题
2. 指代判断题
3. 主旨归纳题
【点评】
这篇阅读理解围绕家务分工平等的社会话题展开，涵盖了阅读理解常见的三类题型。解题时需精准定位原文信息，结合上下文逻辑分析指代内容，同时提炼全文核心观点归纳主旨，能有效锻炼学生的信息提取与逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
