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一、完形填空 看牙医
素养:思维品质 难度:易 用时:7 分钟
[2025 邯郸广平月考改编] Tom had a bad toothache. His mother wanted to take him to the dentist's (牙科诊所), but he _1_. He was afraid of the _2_ when the dentist had to extract (拔出) his tooth. Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist, the pain would get _3_. At last, Tom had to agree.
There were not many people at the dentist's. Soon, it was Tom's _4_. He walked into the room and sat down _5_. The dentist looked friendly and said hello to him with a smile. He asked Tom to _6_ his mouth. And then he told Tom that he had to extract the bad tooth. The dentist gave Tom an injection (注射) and _7_ him that he would not feel any pain.
Tom really did not feel any pain. Then the dentist advised Tom to brush his teeth twice a day and taught him the _8_ way of brushing his teeth. He also told Tom not to eat too many sweet things so that his _9_ would be healthy.
After that, Tom _10_ how important it was to protect his teeth.
1. A. relaxed
B. refused
C. nodded
D. joked
2. A. pain
B. trust
C. success
D. training
3. A. nicer
B. smaller
C. less
D. worse
4. A. date
B. job
C. turn
D. plan
5. A. calmly
B. nervously
C. patiently
D. excitedly
6. A. fill
B. shut
C. open
D. cover
7. A. allowed
B. asked
C. warned
D. promised
8. A. right
B. brave
C. weak
D. rich
9. A. head
B. teeth
C. heart
D. stomach
10. A. regretted
B. forgot
C. realised
D. guessed
素养:思维品质 难度:易 用时:7 分钟
[2025 邯郸广平月考改编] Tom had a bad toothache. His mother wanted to take him to the dentist's (牙科诊所), but he _1_. He was afraid of the _2_ when the dentist had to extract (拔出) his tooth. Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist, the pain would get _3_. At last, Tom had to agree.
There were not many people at the dentist's. Soon, it was Tom's _4_. He walked into the room and sat down _5_. The dentist looked friendly and said hello to him with a smile. He asked Tom to _6_ his mouth. And then he told Tom that he had to extract the bad tooth. The dentist gave Tom an injection (注射) and _7_ him that he would not feel any pain.
Tom really did not feel any pain. Then the dentist advised Tom to brush his teeth twice a day and taught him the _8_ way of brushing his teeth. He also told Tom not to eat too many sweet things so that his _9_ would be healthy.
After that, Tom _10_ how important it was to protect his teeth.
1. A. relaxed
B. refused
C. nodded
D. joked
2. A. pain
B. trust
C. success
D. training
3. A. nicer
B. smaller
C. less
D. worse
4. A. date
B. job
C. turn
D. plan
5. A. calmly
B. nervously
C. patiently
D. excitedly
6. A. fill
B. shut
C. open
D. cover
7. A. allowed
B. asked
C. warned
D. promised
8. A. right
B. brave
C. weak
D. rich
9. A. head
B. teeth
C. heart
D. stomach
10. A. regretted
B. forgot
C. realised
D. guessed
答案
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了Tom看牙医的经历。拔掉坏掉的牙齿后，Tom意识到保护牙齿的重要性。
1.B 根据空前的“but”及空后的“He was afraid of”可推知，Tom拒绝去看牙医，故所缺的词是refused“拒绝”。
2.A 根据下文中的“if he did not visit the dentist，the pain would get 3 ”及第二段最后一句中的“he would not feel any pain”可知，Tom怕疼，pain“疼痛”符合文意。
3.D 根据空前的“if he did not visit the dentist”可知，此处表示“疼痛会加剧”，故所缺的词是worse。
4.C 根据空前的“There were not many people at the dentist’s”和下文可知，很快就轮到Tom了，故所缺的词是turn“(依次轮到的)机会”。
5.B 根据上文可知，Tom怕拔牙，所以推测，他进去看牙时应是紧张的，故应用nervously。
6.C 结合常识可知，看牙医需要张嘴，故open“张开”符合文意。fill“使充满”；shut“合上”；cover“遮盖，遮蔽”。
7.D 根据下文中的“Tom really did not feel any pain”可推知，牙医向Tom保证他不会感到任何疼痛，故所缺的词是promised“许诺，保证”。
8.A 然后牙医建议Tom每天刷两次牙，并教了他正确的刷牙方法。故所缺的词是right。
9.B 本文介绍了Tom看牙医的经历，“不吃太多甜食”是为了“他的牙齿健康”，故所缺的词是teeth。
10.C 此处表示“Tom意识到保护他的牙齿有多么重要”，故realised“认识到，意识到”符合文意。regret“后悔”；forget“忘记”；guess“猜测”。
1.B 根据空前的“but”及空后的“He was afraid of”可推知，Tom拒绝去看牙医，故所缺的词是refused“拒绝”。
2.A 根据下文中的“if he did not visit the dentist，the pain would get 3 ”及第二段最后一句中的“he would not feel any pain”可知，Tom怕疼，pain“疼痛”符合文意。
3.D 根据空前的“if he did not visit the dentist”可知，此处表示“疼痛会加剧”，故所缺的词是worse。
4.C 根据空前的“There were not many people at the dentist’s”和下文可知，很快就轮到Tom了，故所缺的词是turn“(依次轮到的)机会”。
5.B 根据上文可知，Tom怕拔牙，所以推测，他进去看牙时应是紧张的，故应用nervously。
6.C 结合常识可知，看牙医需要张嘴，故open“张开”符合文意。fill“使充满”；shut“合上”；cover“遮盖，遮蔽”。
7.D 根据下文中的“Tom really did not feel any pain”可推知，牙医向Tom保证他不会感到任何疼痛，故所缺的词是promised“许诺，保证”。
8.A 然后牙医建议Tom每天刷两次牙，并教了他正确的刷牙方法。故所缺的词是right。
9.B 本文介绍了Tom看牙医的经历，“不吃太多甜食”是为了“他的牙齿健康”，故所缺的词是teeth。
10.C 此处表示“Tom意识到保护他的牙齿有多么重要”，故realised“认识到，意识到”符合文意。regret“后悔”；forget“忘记”；guess“猜测”。
解析
【分析】
这篇完形填空讲述了Tom因牙疼看牙医的经历，解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再结合上下文语境、词汇含义及逻辑关系逐一分析选项：1. 由转折词but及后文“害怕”可知Tom拒绝看牙医；2. 拔牙时Tom怕的是疼痛；3. 妈妈警告不看牙医疼痛会加重；4. 诊所人少，很快轮到Tom；5. Tom怕拔牙，所以紧张地走进诊室；6. 看牙医需张开嘴；7. 牙医保证不会疼；8. 牙医教正确的刷牙方法；9. 少吃甜食是为了牙齿健康；10. Tom意识到保护牙齿的重要性。
【解析】
1. 选B。根据空前转折连词but及后文“He was afraid of”可知，Tom拒绝看牙医，refused符合语境。
2. 选A。结合下文“the pain would get”及“he would not feel any pain”可知，Tom怕拔牙时的疼痛，pain正确。
3. 选D。根据妈妈的警告“如果不看牙医，疼痛会加剧”，worse符合文意。
4. 选C。由前文“诊所人不多”可知，很快轮到Tom，turn表示“依次轮到的机会”。
5. 选B。Tom怕拔牙，所以走进诊室时是紧张地，nervously符合语境。
6. 选C。结合常识，看牙医需要张开嘴，open正确。
7. 选D。根据后文“Tom真的没感到疼”可知，牙医向Tom保证不会疼，promised符合。
8. 选A。牙医教Tom正确的刷牙方法，right符合文意。
9. 选B。本文围绕牙齿健康展开，少吃甜食是为了牙齿健康，teeth正确。
10. 选C。Tom通过看牙医的经历，意识到保护牙齿的重要性，realised符合语境。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C
【知识点】
完形填空、语境理解、词汇辨析
【点评】
本文以Tom看牙医的日常经历为素材，贴近学生生活，难度较低，主要考查学生对上下文语境的把握和基础词汇的运用，同时传递了保护牙齿的重要性，适合学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
这篇完形填空讲述了Tom因牙疼看牙医的经历，解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再结合上下文语境、词汇含义及逻辑关系逐一分析选项：1. 由转折词but及后文“害怕”可知Tom拒绝看牙医；2. 拔牙时Tom怕的是疼痛；3. 妈妈警告不看牙医疼痛会加重；4. 诊所人少，很快轮到Tom；5. Tom怕拔牙，所以紧张地走进诊室；6. 看牙医需张开嘴；7. 牙医保证不会疼；8. 牙医教正确的刷牙方法；9. 少吃甜食是为了牙齿健康；10. Tom意识到保护牙齿的重要性。
【解析】
1. 选B。根据空前转折连词but及后文“He was afraid of”可知，Tom拒绝看牙医，refused符合语境。
2. 选A。结合下文“the pain would get”及“he would not feel any pain”可知，Tom怕拔牙时的疼痛，pain正确。
3. 选D。根据妈妈的警告“如果不看牙医，疼痛会加剧”，worse符合文意。
4. 选C。由前文“诊所人不多”可知，很快轮到Tom，turn表示“依次轮到的机会”。
5. 选B。Tom怕拔牙，所以走进诊室时是紧张地，nervously符合语境。
6. 选C。结合常识，看牙医需要张开嘴，open正确。
7. 选D。根据后文“Tom真的没感到疼”可知，牙医向Tom保证不会疼，promised符合。
8. 选A。牙医教Tom正确的刷牙方法，right符合文意。
9. 选B。本文围绕牙齿健康展开，少吃甜食是为了牙齿健康，teeth正确。
10. 选C。Tom通过看牙医的经历，意识到保护牙齿的重要性，realised符合语境。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C
【知识点】
完形填空、语境理解、词汇辨析
【点评】
本文以Tom看牙医的日常经历为素材，贴近学生生活，难度较低，主要考查学生对上下文语境的把握和基础词汇的运用，同时传递了保护牙齿的重要性，适合学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
二、阅读理解 让身体饱尝阳光
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:8 分钟
[2025 河南中考] Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let's discover science behind sunlight.
Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical — melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night's sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals.
However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That's why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time.
There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time.
The roles that sunshine plays in people's life are more than those above. For example, your body produces vitamin D (维生素 D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, "Why do we love sunshine?"
1. Which of the following can take the place of "are exposed to" in the passage?
A. stay in
B. care about
C. dream of
D. depend on
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. What can help people to keep in good spirits.
B. How light influences people through chemicals.
C. Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep.
D. Which chemical is thought to be more important.
3. [新考法·创新性设问] Which of the following is an opinion according to the passage?
A. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter.
B. People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine.
C. The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day.
D. People's bodies produce something called vitamin D from sunlight.
4. Jack is a person with SAD. How could he solve his problem according to the passage?
A. By staying indoors a lot.
B. By taking in more fresh air.
C. By doing some exercise.
D. By using man-made lights.
5. Why is the sentence "Why do we love sunshine?" written in the last paragraph?
A. To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight.
B. To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time.
C. To let readers realize the importance of vitamin D.
D. To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air.
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:8 分钟
[2025 河南中考] Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let's discover science behind sunlight.
Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical — melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night's sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals.
However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That's why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time.
There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time.
The roles that sunshine plays in people's life are more than those above. For example, your body produces vitamin D (维生素 D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, "Why do we love sunshine?"
1. Which of the following can take the place of "are exposed to" in the passage?
A. stay in
B. care about
C. dream of
D. depend on
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. What can help people to keep in good spirits.
B. How light influences people through chemicals.
C. Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep.
D. Which chemical is thought to be more important.
3. [新考法·创新性设问] Which of the following is an opinion according to the passage?
A. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter.
B. People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine.
C. The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day.
D. People's bodies produce something called vitamin D from sunlight.
4. Jack is a person with SAD. How could he solve his problem according to the passage?
A. By staying indoors a lot.
B. By taking in more fresh air.
C. By doing some exercise.
D. By using man-made lights.
5. Why is the sentence "Why do we love sunshine?" written in the last paragraph?
A. To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight.
B. To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time.
C. To let readers realize the importance of vitamin D.
D. To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air.
答案
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了阳光对人们的影响。
阅读提升
(1)clear up转晴；放晴；变晴朗
(2)in good spirits兴高采烈
(3)go through经历；遭受
1.A 短语猜测题。
线索1：画线词前的“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical(化学物质)called serotonin(血清素)”(阳光会促使你的身体分泌一种名为血清素的化学物质)
线索2：画线词后的“your body will make more serotonin”(你的身体会分泌更多的血清素)
结论:“are exposed to sunlight”表示“处于/待在阳光下”。故选A。
2.B 段落大意题。第二段的句意梳理：
第1~3句 阳光促使人体分泌血清素，使人保持愉悦心情
第4~5句 黑暗环境促使褪黑激素分泌，帮助人们放松及入睡
第6句 强调需要保持这两种化学物质的平衡
结合上面的分析可知，本段主要介绍了光是如何通过化学物质影响人的(状态的)。
3.B 推理判断题。
选项 句意 所属类别
A 在冬季，有些地区会长期处于黑暗中。 地理事实
B 经常待在室内的人应该到户外晒太阳。 “应该”表明是建议、主张,属于观点
C 晴天时，屋内的光线通常不如户外充足。 事实
D 阳光可以使人体生成一种名为维生素D的物质。 生理机制事实
结合以上分析可知，只有B项属于观点。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“People with SAD...The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial(人工的)lights for some time”可知，对应D项中的“man-made lights”应选D。
5.A 推理判断题。题目问的是作者在文章最后一段写“Why do we love sunshine?”的目的。该题需要结合全文主旨和结尾段功能作答。
选项对比
A.为了鼓励读者更深入地了解阳光。(√)
文章主要介绍了阳光对人们的影响，且最后一段提到“The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above”和“there is more science about sunlight for you to discover”，由此可推知，A项符合题意。
B.为了建议读者在室内停留足够长的时间。(×)
全文主张多接触阳光，且第三段明确提出常居室内的弊端。
C.为了让读者意识到维生素D的重要性。(×)
文章虽提到了维生素D，但仅是为了说明阳光的重要性。
D.为了邀请读者走进大自然，享受新鲜空气。(×)
本文旨在介绍阳光对人的益处,文中也隐含鼓励人们走进大自然的信息，其核心目的是使人们多接触阳光，而非呼吸新鲜空气。
阅读提升
(1)clear up转晴；放晴；变晴朗
(2)in good spirits兴高采烈
(3)go through经历；遭受
1.A 短语猜测题。
线索1：画线词前的“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical(化学物质)called serotonin(血清素)”(阳光会促使你的身体分泌一种名为血清素的化学物质)
线索2：画线词后的“your body will make more serotonin”(你的身体会分泌更多的血清素)
结论:“are exposed to sunlight”表示“处于/待在阳光下”。故选A。
2.B 段落大意题。第二段的句意梳理：
第1~3句 阳光促使人体分泌血清素，使人保持愉悦心情
第4~5句 黑暗环境促使褪黑激素分泌，帮助人们放松及入睡
第6句 强调需要保持这两种化学物质的平衡
结合上面的分析可知，本段主要介绍了光是如何通过化学物质影响人的(状态的)。
3.B 推理判断题。
选项 句意 所属类别
A 在冬季，有些地区会长期处于黑暗中。 地理事实
B 经常待在室内的人应该到户外晒太阳。 “应该”表明是建议、主张,属于观点
C 晴天时，屋内的光线通常不如户外充足。 事实
D 阳光可以使人体生成一种名为维生素D的物质。 生理机制事实
结合以上分析可知，只有B项属于观点。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“People with SAD...The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial(人工的)lights for some time”可知，对应D项中的“man-made lights”应选D。
5.A 推理判断题。题目问的是作者在文章最后一段写“Why do we love sunshine?”的目的。该题需要结合全文主旨和结尾段功能作答。
选项对比
A.为了鼓励读者更深入地了解阳光。(√)
文章主要介绍了阳光对人们的影响，且最后一段提到“The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above”和“there is more science about sunlight for you to discover”，由此可推知，A项符合题意。
B.为了建议读者在室内停留足够长的时间。(×)
全文主张多接触阳光，且第三段明确提出常居室内的弊端。
C.为了让读者意识到维生素D的重要性。(×)
文章虽提到了维生素D，但仅是为了说明阳光的重要性。
D.为了邀请读者走进大自然，享受新鲜空气。(×)
本文旨在介绍阳光对人的益处,文中也隐含鼓励人们走进大自然的信息，其核心目的是使人们多接触阳光，而非呼吸新鲜空气。
解析
【分析】本题是2025年河南中考英语阅读理解题，围绕阳光对人体的影响设置5道题型，涵盖短语猜测、段落大意、观点判断、细节理解、推理判断。解题时需：1. 短语猜测题结合上下文逻辑，定位与画线短语相关的语境信息判断含义；2. 段落大意题梳理段落各句核心内容归纳主旨；3. 观点判断题区分客观事实与主观建议类内容；4. 细节理解题定位原文对应信息匹配选项；5. 推理判断题结合全文主旨与结尾段写作意图分析选项。
【解析】1. 短语猜测题：根据第二段“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical called serotonin. When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin.”可知，“are exposed to sunlight”表示“处于阳光下”，对应选项A（stay in，此处指待在阳光下），故选A。2. 段落大意题：第二段分别介绍阳光促使分泌血清素使人愉悦、黑暗环境促使分泌褪黑激素帮助放松入睡，强调需维持两种化学物质的平衡，核心是光通过化学物质影响人的状态，故选B。3. 观点判断题：A、C、D均为客观事实；B项“经常待在室内的人应该到户外晒太阳”带有主观建议，属于观点，故选B。4. 细节理解题：根据第四段“People with SAD...The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial lights for some time”可知，SAD患者可通过使用人工灯解决问题，故选D。5. 推理判断题：最后一段提到阳光的作用不止上述内容，还有更多科学知识待发现，“Why do we love sunshine?”的目的是鼓励读者了解更多关于阳光的科学，故选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、阅读技巧
【点评】本题为中考英语阅读理解题，围绕阳光对人体的影响展开，题型全面，考查学生的英语阅读能力、逻辑分析能力及信息提取能力，需准确区分事实与观点、归纳段落主旨，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 短语猜测题：根据第二段“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical called serotonin. When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin.”可知，“are exposed to sunlight”表示“处于阳光下”，对应选项A（stay in，此处指待在阳光下），故选A。2. 段落大意题：第二段分别介绍阳光促使分泌血清素使人愉悦、黑暗环境促使分泌褪黑激素帮助放松入睡，强调需维持两种化学物质的平衡，核心是光通过化学物质影响人的状态，故选B。3. 观点判断题：A、C、D均为客观事实；B项“经常待在室内的人应该到户外晒太阳”带有主观建议，属于观点，故选B。4. 细节理解题：根据第四段“People with SAD...The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial lights for some time”可知，SAD患者可通过使用人工灯解决问题，故选D。5. 推理判断题：最后一段提到阳光的作用不止上述内容，还有更多科学知识待发现，“Why do we love sunshine?”的目的是鼓励读者了解更多关于阳光的科学，故选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、阅读技巧
【点评】本题为中考英语阅读理解题，围绕阳光对人体的影响展开，题型全面，考查学生的英语阅读能力、逻辑分析能力及信息提取能力，需准确区分事实与观点、归纳段落主旨，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
