五、阅读理解。
①Hail (冰雹), also called hailstorm, is a form of precipitation (降水)—like rain or snow—that is made up of ice. Hailstorms may happen all year long. Hail can even form in summer as long as the storms are strong.
②Hailstorms often visit the United States. The area where Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming meet is known as "Hail Alley" and it suffers seven to nine hail days every year. It's hard to tell exactly when a hailstorm might come.
③Hailstorms are very dangerous. They can cause lots of damage (破坏) to people, buildings, cars, plants and animals. In fact, hailstorms can even cause deaths. So it's important to know how to stay safe during a hailstorm.
④One way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year, and one of them must be helmets. They can help you protect your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by heavy storm. You should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety.
⑤What's more, make sure you stay inside until the hail stops and stay away from windows. If possible, find a room at least one level down from the top of the house. Finally, if you get caught outside in a hailstorm and can't find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head. Remember: stay out of lowland areas because they could be filled with water. And don't forget to avoid trees.
() 21. What does the underlined word "helmets" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Thick coats.
B. Big knives.
C. Hard hats.
D. Light umbrellas.
() 22. How many ways of staying safe during a hailstorm are mentioned in the passage?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.
() 23. Why should we stay away from trees when a hailstorm is outside?
A. Because the broken branch will fall and it may hit us.
B. Because there is more rain under the trees.
C. Because the trees are not beautiful because of the hailstorm.
D. Because the tree leaves will drop on our head.
() 24. What is the RIGHT structure of the passage?

五、21—24. CDAC
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰雹的定义、多发地区、危害性，以及在冰雹来临时的安全防护方法。
21. C【思路点拨】词义猜测题。根据第四段“They can help protect your head from both the hail itself and other things blown by heavy storms”可知，helmets是用来保护头部的。故选C。
22. D【思路点拨】细节理解题。根据第四段“have your tools prepared”，“make a plan for your family”，第五段“make sure you stay inside until the hail stops and stay away from windows”及“Finally, if you get caught outside in a hail storm...”可知，文章中提到了四种保护自己的方法。故选D。
23. A【思路点拨】细节理解题。根据第四段“They can help you protect...”及常识可知，下冰雹时远离树木是因为强风可能吹断树枝砸伤人。故选A。
24. C【思路点拨】文章结构题。根据全文可知，第一段介绍冰雹；第二段介绍其多发地区，第三段说明其危害；第四、五段介绍下冰雹时的安全防护方法。故选C。

【分析】
21题：这是词义猜测题，解题思路是先定位划线词所在段落，找到其后的解释性语句“They can help you protect your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by heavy storm”，根据“保护头部”这一关键信息，结合选项判断哪个物品具备该功能。
22题：这是细节理解题，解题时需要逐段梳理文中提到的避险方法，分别从第四段和第五段提取相关内容，统计数量后确定答案。
23题：这是细节理解题，结合文章中提到的冰雹会带来的危害以及生活常识，分析远离树木的原因，判断哪个选项符合逻辑。
24题：这是文章结构题，先梳理每段的核心内容：①介绍冰雹的定义；②介绍冰雹的多发地区；③说明冰雹的危害性；④⑤介绍冰雹来临时的安全防护方法。再根据段落间的逻辑关系（①②为并列的介绍部分，③承接前两部分讲危害，④⑤承接③讲防护方法）匹配对应的结构图示。
【解析】
21. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“They can help you protect your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by heavy storm.”可知，helmets是用于保护头部的物品，选项中“Hard hats（安全帽）”符合这一功能，故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据第四段“have your tools prepared throughout the year”“make a plan for your family”，以及第五段“make sure you stay inside until the hail stops and stay away from windows”“Finally, if you get caught outside in a hailstorm and can't find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head...”可知，文中一共提到了4种在冰雹天气里保证安全的方法，故选D。
23. 细节理解题。结合文章中提到的冰雹会带来各类危险，以及生活常识可知，冰雹天气时，强风可能吹断树枝，掉落的树枝会砸伤人，所以要远离树木，故选A。
24. 文章结构题。梳理段落内容：①介绍冰雹的定义；②介绍冰雹的多发地区；③说明冰雹的危害性；④⑤介绍冰雹来临时的安全防护方法。段落逻辑为：①②并列介绍冰雹的基本情况，③讲述冰雹的危害，④⑤讲述防护方法，对应选项C的结构，故选C。
【答案】
21—24. CDAC
【知识点】
词义猜测题解法、细节理解题解法、文章结构分析
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕冰雹展开介绍，题目涵盖了词义猜测、细节查找、逻辑推理和结构分析等常见阅读理解题型，考查学生对文本信息的提取、理解和逻辑梳理能力，需要学生结合文本内容和生活常识进行作答。
【难度系数】
0.6