2026年通城学典课时作业本八年级英语上册译林版第119页答案
一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
1. We have no trouble
guessing
(猜测)the answer to this English question since our teacher explained it clearly yesterday.
2. Look! It is raining
heavily
(大量地). We can't go out with friends.
3. These
postmen
(邮递员)are always busy during the holiday season because of the large number of packages.
4. Mr Green can't come to the meeting, because he has an a
che
in his left leg.
5. Remember to carry your p
assports
when you travel to foreign countries, kids.

答案

1. guessing 2. heavily 3. postmen 4. ache 5. passports

解析

【分析】
本题是根据句意、汉语提示或首字母提示填写单词的基础题型,解题思路为:①通读句子理解语境,明确所需单词的含义;②结合固定搭配、词性要求、首字母提示确定单词的正确形式;③验证填写的单词是否符合句子逻辑与语法规则。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth表示“做某事有困难”,“猜测”的动名词形式为guessing,故填guessing。
2. 此处修饰动词rain需用副词,“大量地”对应的副词是heavily,故填heavily。
3. these后接可数名词复数,“邮递员”的复数形式为postmen,故填postmen。
4. 根据首字母a及语境,“疼痛”对应的名词是ache,have an ache in...表示“……疼痛”,故填ache。
5. 根据首字母p及“去国外旅行”的语境,“护照”对应的名词是passport,结合kids可知用复数形式passports,故填passports。
【答案】
1. guessing 2. heavily 3. postmen 4. ache 5. passports
【知识点】
动词短语搭配、副词用法、名词单复数
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的运用,涵盖固定搭配、词性变化、名词单复数等核心基础知识点,是初中英语常见的基础题型,注重词汇在语境中的正确使用。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Several
policemen
(policeman) helped the lost boy find his parents in the shopping mall.
2. —
Was
your brother
reading
(read) a storybook when you got home? — Yes.
3. — Hey, Jack! I called you but there was no answer.
— I'm sorry. I
was attending
(attend) my DIY courses online from 7 p. m. to 9 p. m. last night.
4. People like to put their
hats
(hat) on the snowmen's heads when they build snowmen.

答案

1. policemen 2. Was; reading 3. was attending 4. hats

解析

【分析】
本题为用所给词的适当形式填空,需结合语境和语法规则判断:1. several后接可数名词复数;2. 考查过去进行时的一般疑问句结构;3. 考查过去某段时间正在进行的动作的时态;4. their后接可数名词复数。
【解析】
1. several表示“几个”,后接可数名词复数,policeman的复数为不规则变化policemen,故填policemen;
2. 由when引导的一般过去时从句可知,主句需用过去进行时,结构为was/were+doing;主语your brother是第三人称单数,故用Was,后面跟read的现在分词reading,构成一般疑问句,填Was; reading;
3. 时间状语from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last night表示过去某一时间段正在进行的动作,用过去进行时,主语I对应was,attend的现在分词是attending,故填was attending;
4. their是形容词性物主代词,后接可数名词复数,hat的复数形式为hats,故填hats。
【答案】
1. policemen 2. Was; reading 3. was attending 4. hats
【知识点】
可数名词复数、过去进行时
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础语法填空题,核心考察可数名词复数变化规则和过去进行时的用法,是日常学习的重点内容,难度适中,适合巩固基础语法。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. He
B
a space on his desk for a cup of coffee.

A.covers
B.clears
C.collects
D.chooses

答案

1. B

解析

【分析】首先理解句子语境:他在桌子上为咖啡杯______出一个空间。接着分析各选项的词义,结合语境判断合适的动词。
【解析】句子表达的意思是“他在桌子上为咖啡杯腾出一个空间”。逐一分析选项:A项covers意为“覆盖”,不符合“腾出空间”的语境;B项clears意为“清理、腾出(空间)”,clear a space是常用搭配,符合句意;C项collects意为“收集”,与语境无关;D项chooses意为“选择”,无法准确表达“腾出空间”的含义。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】动词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查动词在具体语境中的词义辨析,需掌握各动词的含义及常用搭配,属于基础题型,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8
2. Sam was washing the dishes in the kitchen
D
David was watching TV in the room.

A.if
B.when
C.as
D.while

答案

2. D

解析

【分析】首先观察句子结构,两个分句均为过去进行时,描述过去同时发生的延续性动作,需选择合适的时间连词。先逐一分析选项:A选项if表条件,不符合语境;B选项when可接延续或短暂性动作,但此处强调两个动作同时进行,需匹配对应连词;C选项as常表伴随或“一边…一边”,不符合;D选项while用于连接两个同时进行的延续性动作,符合句子语境。
【解析】句子意为“Sam在厨房洗碗时,David在房间看电视”,两个动作都是过去正在进行的延续性动作,需用while连接。A项if(如果)表条件,排除;B项when侧重某个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行,此处两个动作同时持续进行,不适用;C项as表伴随或伴随性动作,不符合语境;D项while可连接两个同时进行的延续性动作,符合要求。
【答案】D
【知识点】时间连词辨析;while的用法
【点评】本题考查时间状语从句中连词的辨析,重点区分while与when的用法,需掌握两者在连接同时进行的延续性动作时的适用场景,属于初中英语基础考点。
【难度系数】0.7
3. [2025 常州]Suzy
D
her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn't go shopping.

A.tidies
B.tidied
C.is tidying
D.was tidying

答案

3. D

解析

【分析】
首先观察句子中的时间状语“at this time yesterday”,它表示“昨天这个时候”,是过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作,需使用过去进行时。再逐一分析选项的时态:A为一般现在时,B为一般过去时,C为现在进行时,D为过去进行时,结合时态要求即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”,确定句子时态为过去进行时,其结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”。主语Suzy是第三人称单数,be动词用was,动词tidy的现在分词是tidying,因此空格处应填was tidying,对应选项D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
过去进行时
【点评】
本题考查过去进行时的用法,核心是识别时间状语“at this time yesterday”,明确过去进行时的适用场景,属于基础时态类题目。
【难度系数】
0.7
4. [2025甘肃]— Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
— Sorry, dear. I don't know. I
B
in the kitchen then.

A.cook
B.was cooking
C.have cooked
D.will cook

答案

4. B

解析

【分析】
这道题考查动词时态的辨析。首先理解对话语境:问句提到太阳镜坏了,询问过去发生的事;答句中的时间状语“then”指代太阳镜损坏的那个过去时刻,表达“那时我正在厨房做饭”,即过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作,需用对应时态。再分析各选项时态:A是一般现在时,B是过去进行时,C是现在完成时,D是一般将来时,结合语境可确定答案。
【解析】
根据对话语境,问句询问的是过去发生的太阳镜损坏事件,答句中的“then”指代过去的那个时间点,描述当时正在进行的动作,应使用过去进行时(结构为“was/were + 现在分词”)。主语为I,be动词用was,cook的现在分词是cooking,因此填was cooking,对应选项B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
过去进行时
【点评】
本题结合日常交际场景考查过去进行时的用法,需准确把握时间状语对应的时态特征,是初中英语时态考查的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.3
5. “Headache” is a compound word. Which word in the sentence “Humans should treat wildlife as priceless treasure.” is also a compound word?

A.Humans.
B.Priceless.
C.Wildlife.
D.Treasure.

答案

5. C

解析

【分析】要解决本题,首先明确复合词的概念:复合词是由两个或多个独立单词组合形成的新词,需与派生词(词根加前缀/后缀构成)区分。接下来逐一分析选项:A选项Humans是human的复数变形,仅为单一单词;B选项Priceless是名词price加后缀-less构成的派生词;C选项Wildlife由形容词wild和名词life两个独立单词组合而成;D选项Treasure是单个名词。
【解析】根据复合词定义判断:A.Humans为单一单词变形,排除;B.Priceless是派生词,排除;C.Wildlife由两个独立单词组合,属于复合词,符合要求;D.Treasure是单一名词,排除。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语复合词;词汇分类
【点评】本题考查英语复合词的识别,需区分复合词与派生词,属于基础词汇题,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
6. — I was flying a kite yesterday when it almost hit the power line.
B
You'd better move to the open field.

A.That's easy.
B.That was close.
C.That's right.
D.That's fun.

答案

6. B

解析

【分析】首先理解对话语境:前者陈述昨天放风筝时差点撞到电线,这是危险的侥幸情况,需选择符合该语境的回应用语。逐一分析选项含义,排除不符合语境的选项,确定正确答案。
【解析】对话中前者提到放风筝差点碰到电线,属于危险的侥幸状况。A选项“That's easy.”意为“那很容易”,与语境无关;B选项“That was close.”意为“好险,差一点就出事了”,契合语境;C选项“That's right.”意为“那是对的”,不符合对话逻辑;D选项“That's fun.”意为“那很有趣”,与危险情况的回应不符。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际
【点评】本题考查日常情景对话的用语选择,需结合语境理解对话逻辑,属于基础题型,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8
四、核心素养 学习能力 根据首字母提示补全短文。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:人身安全 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
As Torri'ell Norwood drove through Florida, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they came 1. n
ear
to a crossing, another car hit them, sending their car off the road and into a tree.
As smoke 2. r
ose
from the car, a bystander shouted, "It's about to blow up! Get out!" Shaken but fine, Norwood crawled(爬) out through the window 3. s
ince
the driver's side door couldn't be opened. Along with two of her friends, who'd also helped themselves out 4. s
uccessfully
, she ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn't 5. w
ith
them. Norwood ran back and found Simmons senseless in the back seat. She pulled her friend out. She dragged(拖拽) Simmons a few feet to 6. s
afety
and placed her on the ground. After checking her pulse(脉搏) and finding there was no sign of life, she started CPR(心肺复苏术).
If the accident had happened a few weeks earlier, she 7. m
ight
not have known what to do. But just the day before, Norwood got her CPR certificate(证书) by learning on her own. She started pumping Simmons's chest(胸) with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend's mouth in the hope of 8. f
illing
her lungs(肺) with the kiss of life. After quite a while, Simmons began coughing and taking quick deep breaths of air. The CPR 9. w
orked
. Soon, the ambulance(救护车) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. "I am not 10. s
urprised
," Simmons told others. "She will always help in any way she can."

答案

1. near 2. rose 3. since 4. successfully 5. with 6. safety 7. might 8. filling 9. worked 10. surprised

解析

【分析】
本题是一篇关于灾害自救互救的记叙文,需结合语境、语法规则、固定搭配及首字母提示补全单词。解题思路:先通读全文把握主旨,再逐个分析空格处的语境逻辑、词性要求、时态等,结合首字母确定单词,最后验证单词形式是否符合语法。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配come near to意为“靠近”,结合语境“当她们靠近十字路口时”,首字母n,填near;
2. 全文为过去时态,语境是“烟从车里升起”,rise的过去式为rose,首字母r,填rose;
3. 前半句“从窗户爬出”与后半句“驾驶座门打不开”为因果关系,首字母s,填since;
4. 修饰动词短语helped out需用副词,结合语境“另外两个朋友成功脱险”,首字母s,填successfully;
5. 固定搭配be with sb意为“和某人在一起”,结合语境“Simmons没和她们在一起”,首字母w,填with;
6. 固定搭配to safety意为“到安全处”,首字母s,填safety;
7. 此处为虚拟语气,if引导的过去虚拟句主句用might have done结构,首字母m,填might;
8. 固定搭配fill...with...,in the hope of后接动名词,首字母f,填filling;
9. 语境为“心肺复苏起作用了”,用过去式,首字母w,填worked;
10. 结合语境“Simmons说自己不惊讶”,首字母s,填surprised。
【答案】
1. near 2. rose 3. since 4. successfully 5. with 6. safety 7. might 8. filling 9. worked 10. surprised
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、语境理解
【点评】
本文围绕灾害防范主题,通过记叙文考查学生在具体语境中运用词汇、语法的能力,引导学生学习自救互救知识,贴合核心素养要求。
【难度系数】
0.6