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Ⅲ. 阅读理解(18 分)
A
[2024 辽宁大连期中]
A big welcome to our new baby black rhino, Tau!
Tau was born last month. He weighs 40 kg now. He hasn't got any horns (角) at the moment. They're starting to grow.
Black rhinos are big. They're brown or grey. They aren't black! They have two horns. They're the only animals with horns on their noses. They can't see very well, but they can smell and hear better than many animals.
fruit
Black rhinos live in Africa, in woods or near rivers. They eat in the morning and evening. At midday, when it's hot, they like to lie in water or mud (泥浆).
Every baby rhino is important, because black rhinos are in danger. Hundreds of years ago, there were about 1,000,000 black rhinos in Africa. Now there are about 6,000. Sadly, baby rhinos often die in the wild. Baby rhinos born in zoos are safe. Every baby means a better future for black rhinos.
( )26. Black rhinos feed on _______.
A. fish
B. leaves
C. small animals
( )27. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. black rhinos can find food easily with good eyesight
B. black rhinos are the only animals with horns on their ears
C. black rhinos like to stay in wet places especially in hot weather
( )28. The writer lists numbers in the last part _______.
A. to tell us why people keep baby rhinos in zoos
B. to show all the rhinos should live in the wild
C. to call on more people to visit the rhinos in the zoo
( )29. 新考法 文章出处 In which part of the newspaper can we read this passage?
A. Culture.
B. Education.
C. Animals.
A
[2024 辽宁大连期中]
A big welcome to our new baby black rhino, Tau!
Tau was born last month. He weighs 40 kg now. He hasn't got any horns (角) at the moment. They're starting to grow.
Black rhinos are big. They're brown or grey. They aren't black! They have two horns. They're the only animals with horns on their noses. They can't see very well, but they can smell and hear better than many animals.
fruit
Black rhinos live in Africa, in woods or near rivers. They eat in the morning and evening. At midday, when it's hot, they like to lie in water or mud (泥浆).
Every baby rhino is important, because black rhinos are in danger. Hundreds of years ago, there were about 1,000,000 black rhinos in Africa. Now there are about 6,000. Sadly, baby rhinos often die in the wild. Baby rhinos born in zoos are safe. Every baby means a better future for black rhinos.
( )26. Black rhinos feed on _______.
A. fish
B. leaves
C. small animals
( )27. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. black rhinos can find food easily with good eyesight
B. black rhinos are the only animals with horns on their ears
C. black rhinos like to stay in wet places especially in hot weather
( )28. The writer lists numbers in the last part _______.
A. to tell us why people keep baby rhinos in zoos
B. to show all the rhinos should live in the wild
C. to call on more people to visit the rhinos in the zoo
( )29. 新考法 文章出处 In which part of the newspaper can we read this passage?
A. Culture.
B. Education.
C. Animals.
答案
阅读A篇·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了黑犀牛的相关信息。
快速对答案 26—29 B C A C
26. B 细节理解题。根据 black rhino's food 下的信息可知选 B 项。
27. C 细节理解题。根据“Black rhinos live in Africa... when it's hot, they like to lie in water or mud.”可知,黑犀牛喜欢待在潮湿的地方,尤其是在炎热的天气里。
28. A 推理判断题。根据数字及“Baby rhinos born in zoos are safe.”可知,作者列举数字的目的是说明为什么要在动物园里养小犀牛。
知识拓展
help还可作名词,意为“帮助”,ask (sb) for help 意为“请求(某人)帮助”。
知识拓展
the number of 意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
批注式详答与详析
29. C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了黑犀牛的相关信息,因此可以在报纸的 Animals 部分读到本文。
快速对答案 26—29 B C A C
26. B 细节理解题。根据 black rhino's food 下的信息可知选 B 项。
27. C 细节理解题。根据“Black rhinos live in Africa... when it's hot, they like to lie in water or mud.”可知,黑犀牛喜欢待在潮湿的地方,尤其是在炎热的天气里。
28. A 推理判断题。根据数字及“Baby rhinos born in zoos are safe.”可知,作者列举数字的目的是说明为什么要在动物园里养小犀牛。
知识拓展
help还可作名词,意为“帮助”,ask (sb) for help 意为“请求(某人)帮助”。
知识拓展
the number of 意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
批注式详答与详析
29. C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了黑犀牛的相关信息,因此可以在报纸的 Animals 部分读到本文。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍黑犀牛基本特征与生存现状的说明文，解题时我们可以先标注每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词返回原文定位对应段落，先完成细节理解类题目，再结合上下文逻辑完成推理判断类题目，逐一比对选项和原文内容，排除明显不符合原文表述的错误选项，就能快速得到正确答案。
【解析】
26. 细节理解题：黑犀牛是食草动物，选项A吃鱼、选项C吃小动物都不符合黑犀牛的食性，结合原文对黑犀牛进食习性的介绍，可知黑犀牛以树叶为食，选B。
27. 细节理解题：逐一核对选项：A选项“黑犀牛视力很好能轻易找到食物”和原文“它们视力不好”的表述矛盾；B选项“黑犀牛是唯一角长在耳朵上的动物”和原文“它们是唯一角长在鼻子上的动物”表述矛盾；C选项“黑犀牛尤其在炎热天气喜欢待在潮湿的地方”和原文“正午天热的时候，它们喜欢躺在水里或者泥浆里”表述一致，因此选C。
28. 推理判断题：最后一段列举了数百年前非洲有100万头黑犀牛，现在仅存约6000头，野外幼犀存活率低，动物园出生的幼犀更安全，列这些数字是为了解释人类为什么要在动物园饲养保护幼犀，对应A选项；B选项“所有犀牛都应该生活在野外”和原文表述相悖，C选项“号召更多人去动物园看犀牛”属于无中生有，因此选A。
29. 推理判断题：全文都围绕黑犀牛的外形、习性、生存现状展开，属于动物相关内容，因此最可能出现在报纸的动物板块，选C。
【答案】
26.B 27.C 28.A 29.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，文本推理判断，文章出处判断
【点评】
本篇阅读主题贴近学生认知，题目设置以细节题为主，难度较低，重点考察学生快速定位原文信息的阅读能力，做题时只要耐心将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，就能避开错误选项的干扰拿到满分，适合用来巩固基础阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍黑犀牛基本特征与生存现状的说明文，解题时我们可以先标注每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词返回原文定位对应段落，先完成细节理解类题目，再结合上下文逻辑完成推理判断类题目，逐一比对选项和原文内容，排除明显不符合原文表述的错误选项，就能快速得到正确答案。
【解析】
26. 细节理解题：黑犀牛是食草动物，选项A吃鱼、选项C吃小动物都不符合黑犀牛的食性，结合原文对黑犀牛进食习性的介绍，可知黑犀牛以树叶为食，选B。
27. 细节理解题：逐一核对选项：A选项“黑犀牛视力很好能轻易找到食物”和原文“它们视力不好”的表述矛盾；B选项“黑犀牛是唯一角长在耳朵上的动物”和原文“它们是唯一角长在鼻子上的动物”表述矛盾；C选项“黑犀牛尤其在炎热天气喜欢待在潮湿的地方”和原文“正午天热的时候，它们喜欢躺在水里或者泥浆里”表述一致，因此选C。
28. 推理判断题：最后一段列举了数百年前非洲有100万头黑犀牛，现在仅存约6000头，野外幼犀存活率低，动物园出生的幼犀更安全，列这些数字是为了解释人类为什么要在动物园饲养保护幼犀，对应A选项；B选项“所有犀牛都应该生活在野外”和原文表述相悖，C选项“号召更多人去动物园看犀牛”属于无中生有，因此选A。
29. 推理判断题：全文都围绕黑犀牛的外形、习性、生存现状展开，属于动物相关内容，因此最可能出现在报纸的动物板块，选C。
【答案】
26.B 27.C 28.A 29.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，文本推理判断，文章出处判断
【点评】
本篇阅读主题贴近学生认知，题目设置以细节题为主，难度较低，重点考察学生快速定位原文信息的阅读能力，做题时只要耐心将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，就能避开错误选项的干扰拿到满分，适合用来巩固基础阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.8
B
[2025 河南许昌期中] Do you like elephants? Do you know World Elephant Day? The day began in 2012 and it calls on people to help Asian elephants in need. In China, Asian elephants have been first-class protected wild animals (一级保护野生动物) since 1988. The number of them has grown from about 180 in the 1990s to over 300 now. As the number grows, they need more space to live.
These large animals often go to nearby villages for food and water. They sometimes share the same places with people around them. This brings some problems between people and elephants. So, solving (解决) the problems becomes an important part of elephant protection work.
The IFAW (国际爱护动物基金会) started an Asian elephant protection project (项目) in 2000. It helped people live with elephants peacefully. It set up the first warning monitoring system (预警监测系统) in China and helped many people.
( )30. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer start the passage?
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By asking questions.
( )31. Why are there problems between people and elephants?
A. Because elephants make noise (噪声).
B. Because some people don't like elephants.
C. Because people don't feed elephants.
D. Because they sometimes share places.
( )32. What does the underlined word "peacefully" mean in Chinese?
A. 谨慎地
B. 和平地
C. 有感情地
D. 有意义地
( )33. 新考法 顺序排列 What is the right order of elephant protection work?
a. The IFAW started an Asian elephant protection project.
b. The number of Asian elephants was about 180.
c. People set World Elephant Day to ask more people to protect elephants.
d. Asian elephants became first-class protected wild animals in China.
A. d-b-a-c
B. d-c-a-b
C. b-c-a-d
D. b-c-d-a
( )34. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The Life of Elephants
B. The IFAW Project
C. Asian Elephant Protection Work
D. Problems Between People and Elephants
[2025 河南许昌期中] Do you like elephants? Do you know World Elephant Day? The day began in 2012 and it calls on people to help Asian elephants in need. In China, Asian elephants have been first-class protected wild animals (一级保护野生动物) since 1988. The number of them has grown from about 180 in the 1990s to over 300 now. As the number grows, they need more space to live.
These large animals often go to nearby villages for food and water. They sometimes share the same places with people around them. This brings some problems between people and elephants. So, solving (解决) the problems becomes an important part of elephant protection work.
The IFAW (国际爱护动物基金会) started an Asian elephant protection project (项目) in 2000. It helped people live with elephants peacefully. It set up the first warning monitoring system (预警监测系统) in China and helped many people.
( )30. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer start the passage?
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By asking questions.
( )31. Why are there problems between people and elephants?
A. Because elephants make noise (噪声).
B. Because some people don't like elephants.
C. Because people don't feed elephants.
D. Because they sometimes share places.
( )32. What does the underlined word "peacefully" mean in Chinese?
A. 谨慎地
B. 和平地
C. 有感情地
D. 有意义地
( )33. 新考法 顺序排列 What is the right order of elephant protection work?
a. The IFAW started an Asian elephant protection project.
b. The number of Asian elephants was about 180.
c. People set World Elephant Day to ask more people to protect elephants.
d. Asian elephants became first-class protected wild animals in China.
A. d-b-a-c
B. d-c-a-b
C. b-c-a-d
D. b-c-d-a
( )34. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The Life of Elephants
B. The IFAW Project
C. Asian Elephant Protection Work
D. Problems Between People and Elephants
答案
阅读B篇·语篇导读 本文介绍了亚洲象的保护工作。
快速对答案 30—34 D D B A C
30. D 推理判断题。根据“Do you like elephants? Do you know World Elephant Day?”可知,作者是通过提问来开始文章的。故选 D 项。
31. D 细节理解题。根据“They sometimes share the same places with people around them. This brings some problems between people and elephants.”可知,因为大象和人类要共享空间,所以出现了问题。故选 D 项。
32. B 词义猜测题。根据“It helped people live with elephants peacefully.”及前文可知,大象和人类之间出现了问题,所以成立这个项目是为了帮助大象和人类和平相处。故选 B 项。
33. A 细节理解题。根据“In China, Asian elephants have been first-class protected wild animals since 1988. The number of them has grown from about 180 in the 1990s to over 300 now.”“The IFAW started an Asian elephant protection project in 2000.”以及“Do you know World Elephant Day? The day began in 2012...”可知答案。故选 A 项。
34. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了亚洲象的保护工作。故选 C 项。
快速对答案 30—34 D D B A C
30. D 推理判断题。根据“Do you like elephants? Do you know World Elephant Day?”可知,作者是通过提问来开始文章的。故选 D 项。
31. D 细节理解题。根据“They sometimes share the same places with people around them. This brings some problems between people and elephants.”可知,因为大象和人类要共享空间,所以出现了问题。故选 D 项。
32. B 词义猜测题。根据“It helped people live with elephants peacefully.”及前文可知,大象和人类之间出现了问题,所以成立这个项目是为了帮助大象和人类和平相处。故选 B 项。
33. A 细节理解题。根据“In China, Asian elephants have been first-class protected wild animals since 1988. The number of them has grown from about 180 in the 1990s to over 300 now.”“The IFAW started an Asian elephant protection project in 2000.”以及“Do you know World Elephant Day? The day began in 2012...”可知答案。故选 A 项。
34. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了亚洲象的保护工作。故选 C 项。
解析
【分析】
我拿到这道阅读题后，会先带着每道题的题干要求回到原文定位线索：
1. 第30题问作者开篇的写作手法，直接看文章开头的内容，发现开篇连续抛出两个问句，直接对应提问引入的方式，快速排除其他不符合的选项。
2. 第31题询问人象之间产生矛盾的原因，直接定位到第二段的因果关联句，找到矛盾的触发原因即可选出答案。
3. 第32题是词义猜测题，结合前文提到的人象冲突的背景，推导保护项目的作用，就能猜出划线词的含义。
4. 第33题是事件排序题，把四个选项对应的事件的发生时间全部从原文中找出来，按时间先后排列就能得到正确顺序。
5. 第34题选最佳标题，通读全文梳理核心内容，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项，选出能概括全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
30. 推理判断题：文章开篇直接用了两个问句“Do you like elephants? Do you know World Elephant Day?”引出下文内容，说明作者是通过提问的方式开启全文的，A讲故事、B列数字、C举例子均不符合开篇形式，因此选D。
31. 细节理解题：原文第二段明确表述“They sometimes share the same places with people around them. This brings some problems between people and elephants.”，直接点明人象产生矛盾的原因是二者有时共享活动区域，A、B、C选项的内容在原文中均无提及，因此选D。
32. 词义猜测题：前文提到人和大象因为共享栖息地产生了冲突，IFAW启动的亚洲象保护项目的目的就是解决这类冲突，帮助人和大象和谐共处，因此划线词peacefully的中文含义是“和平地”，因此选B。
33. 细节排序题：从原文提取各事件的时间先后：①1988年亚洲象成为中国一级保护野生动物（对应d）；②20世纪90年代亚洲象数量约为180（对应b）；③2000年IFAW启动亚洲象保护项目（对应a）；④2012年世界大象日设立，呼吁大众保护大象（对应c），正确顺序为d-b-a-c，因此选A。
34. 主旨大意题：全文先后介绍了世界大象日的设立、中国对亚洲象的保护政策、人象冲突问题、IFAW的相关保护项目，核心围绕亚洲象的保护工作展开，A选项“大象的生活”无相关内容，B选项仅IFAW项目、D选项人象矛盾都只是文章的局部内容，无法概括全文，因此最佳标题选C。
【答案】
30.D 31.D 32.B 33.A 34.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨判断
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语阅读B篇题型，覆盖了写作手法判断、细节理解、词义猜测、事件排序、主旨大意多种常考题型，其中事件排序的新考法要求学生精准定位不同事件对应的时间节点梳理先后逻辑，能有效锻炼学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，同时也能让学生了解亚洲象保护的相关科普常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
我拿到这道阅读题后，会先带着每道题的题干要求回到原文定位线索：
1. 第30题问作者开篇的写作手法，直接看文章开头的内容，发现开篇连续抛出两个问句，直接对应提问引入的方式，快速排除其他不符合的选项。
2. 第31题询问人象之间产生矛盾的原因，直接定位到第二段的因果关联句，找到矛盾的触发原因即可选出答案。
3. 第32题是词义猜测题，结合前文提到的人象冲突的背景，推导保护项目的作用，就能猜出划线词的含义。
4. 第33题是事件排序题，把四个选项对应的事件的发生时间全部从原文中找出来，按时间先后排列就能得到正确顺序。
5. 第34题选最佳标题，通读全文梳理核心内容，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项，选出能概括全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
30. 推理判断题：文章开篇直接用了两个问句“Do you like elephants? Do you know World Elephant Day?”引出下文内容，说明作者是通过提问的方式开启全文的，A讲故事、B列数字、C举例子均不符合开篇形式，因此选D。
31. 细节理解题：原文第二段明确表述“They sometimes share the same places with people around them. This brings some problems between people and elephants.”，直接点明人象产生矛盾的原因是二者有时共享活动区域，A、B、C选项的内容在原文中均无提及，因此选D。
32. 词义猜测题：前文提到人和大象因为共享栖息地产生了冲突，IFAW启动的亚洲象保护项目的目的就是解决这类冲突，帮助人和大象和谐共处，因此划线词peacefully的中文含义是“和平地”，因此选B。
33. 细节排序题：从原文提取各事件的时间先后：①1988年亚洲象成为中国一级保护野生动物（对应d）；②20世纪90年代亚洲象数量约为180（对应b）；③2000年IFAW启动亚洲象保护项目（对应a）；④2012年世界大象日设立，呼吁大众保护大象（对应c），正确顺序为d-b-a-c，因此选A。
34. 主旨大意题：全文先后介绍了世界大象日的设立、中国对亚洲象的保护政策、人象冲突问题、IFAW的相关保护项目，核心围绕亚洲象的保护工作展开，A选项“大象的生活”无相关内容，B选项仅IFAW项目、D选项人象矛盾都只是文章的局部内容，无法概括全文，因此最佳标题选C。
【答案】
30.D 31.D 32.B 33.A 34.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨判断
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语阅读B篇题型，覆盖了写作手法判断、细节理解、词义猜测、事件排序、主旨大意多种常考题型，其中事件排序的新考法要求学生精准定位不同事件对应的时间节点梳理先后逻辑，能有效锻炼学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，同时也能让学生了解亚洲象保护的相关科普常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
