[2025 江苏盐城一模]Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet of the solar system. It is 1 than the Earth with a diameter (直径) of about 6,779 kilometres. If you stand on Mars and 2 the Sun, it will appear about half the size as we see it on Earth. Mars is widely known as the 3 planet. Its red appearance is caused by the iron oxide (氧化铁) in the 4.
In many ways, Mars can be considered as Earth’s 5. On Mars surface, we have discovered the 6 mountain in the solar system. It is named Olympus Mons. With a height of about 25 km, it is more than three times as 7 as the tallest mountain on Earth. A 8 on Mars is also a little longer than a day on Earth. It lasts about 24.6 9. A year on Mars, or the time that it takes for the red planet to 10 the Sun, however, lasts about 687 Earth days. That is almost 11 as long as a year on Earth!
In the 19th century, it was believed that 12 existed on Mars. An astronomer (天文学家) said that he “found” straight lines on 13 surface. Many people believed that 14 were the work of smart life as the straight lines were most likely to be canals for irrigation (灌溉渠).
However, as more advanced telescopes were 15, it was found that the straight lines were an optical illusion (视觉假象).
To this day, humans are still trying to find out whether life exists on Mars.
()1. A. brighter B. better C. smaller D. bigger
()2. A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look after
()3. A. blue B. red C. green D. white
()4. A. air B. water C. sea D. soil
()5. A. teacher B. mother C. brother D. father
()6. A. tallest B. thinnest C. longest D. shortest
()7. A. large B. high C. many D. wide
()8. A. year B. month C. week D. day
()9. A. seconds B. minutes C. hours D. decades
()10. A. circle B. leave C. arrive D. come
()11. A. once B. twice C. first D. second
()12. A. life B. people C. animals D. plants
()13. A. Earth B. Sun C. Mars D. Moon
()14. A. this B. that C. we D. those
()15. A. found B. made C. fallen D. seen

1—5 C A B D C
6—10 A B D C A
11—15 B A C D B
1. C 句意为：火星的直径约为 6,779 千米，它比地球小。根据 the second-smallest planet of the solar system 并结合常识可知，火星比地球小。故选 C 项。
2. A 句意为：如果你站在火星上看太阳，它的大小大约是我们在地球上看到的一半。根据语境可知此处指在火星上看太阳。故选 A 项。
3. B 句意为：火星作为红色的行星而广为人知。根据 Its red appearance 可知火星呈红色。故选 B 项。
4. D 句意为：它的红色外观是由土壤里的氧化铁造成的。根据语境和常识可知，火星的红色外观是由土壤里的氧化铁造成的。故选 D 项。
5. C 句意为：在许多方面，火星可以被认为是地球的兄弟。根据后文火星与地球的对比可知，此处指地球和火星像兄弟。故选 C 项。
6. A 句意为：在火星表面，我们发现了太阳系中最高的山。根据“With a height of about 25 km, it is more than three times as… as the tallest mountain on Earth.”可知此处指其高度。故选 A 项。
7. B 根据语境可知，此处比较山的高度。故选 B 项。
8. D 句意为：火星上的一天也比地球上的一天长一点。根据 than a day on Earth 可知，此处对比两个星球上一天的时长。故选 D 项。
9. C 句意为：它持续约 24.6 小时。根据前一句可知，此处是说一天的时长，结合 24.6 可知，单位应为小时。故选 C 项。
10. A 句意为：然而，在火星上的一年，或者说这颗红色行星绕太阳一周所需的时间，大约相当于 687 个地球日。此处指火星绕太阳一周的运动，应用 circle。故选 A 项。
11. B 句意为：那几乎是地球上一年的两倍！根据 687 Earth days 及常识可知火星上一年的时间约是地球上一年的两倍。故选 B 项。
12. A 句意为：在 19 世纪，人们认为火星上存在生命。根据下文的 whether life exists on Mars 可知，人们认为火星上存在生命。故选 A 项。
13. C 句意为：一位天文学家说，他在火星表面“发现”了直线。根据上文的 on Mars 可知，此处是在说火星。故选 C 项。
14. D 句意为：许多人认为，那些（直线）是智慧生命的成果，因为直线最有可能是灌溉渠。此处指代前文中的 straight lines，应用 those。故选 D 项。
15. B 句意为：然而，随着更先进的望远镜被制造出来，人们发现直线是一种视觉假象。根据 more advanced telescopes 可知，此处指望远镜被制造出来。故选 B 项。

[2026 福建莆田期中]①So far, humans have landed on the moon for six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for a long time in the future, there will be a need for a source of food. It's really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps towards making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers say that they have found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌).
②Researchers tested five kinds of bacteria. They found that over a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants.
③In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems (茎) and roots after 6 days, and heavier and wider leaves after 18 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria.
④Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow.
⑤China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific studies. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a promising solution.
()16. Chinese researchers are taking steps towards .
A. growing plants in Earth soil
B. doubling moon bacteria
C. growing plants on the moon
D. making plants' leaves longer
()17. Which of the following are compared in the study in Paragraph 3?
A. Moon soil and Earth soil.
B. Man-made soil and natural soil.
C. Heavier leaves and wider leaves.
D. Plants grown with and without the bacteria.
()18. 新考法篇章结构 Which is the right structure of the text?

()19. 新考法写作意图 What's the writer's main purpose of writing the text?
A. To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria.
B. To explain why Earth plants can grow well in moon soil.
C. To introduce tests about making moon soil possible for growing plants.
D. To explain an effective plan for landing astronauts on the moon.

16—19 C D A C
16. C 细节理解题。根据第一段的 but scientists are taking steps towards making moon farming possible 可知，科学家们正在采取措施使在月球上种植植物成为可能。故选 C 项。
17. D 细节理解题。根据“They discovered that the plants… compared with those grown without the bacteria.”可知，对比的是有细菌和无细菌的土壤种植的植物。故选 D 项。
18. A 推理判断题。文章第一段引入月球农业这个话题；第二段到第四段具体介绍实验过程和结果；第五段总结全文。故选 A 项。
19. C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要是为了介绍有关使月球土壤适合种植植物的试验。故选 C 项。