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三、阅读下列短文,从每小题的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Memory is a powerful ability that plays an important part in our lives. It helps us learn, work, and build relationships.
There are mainly two types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory is like a temporary storage (临时存储). It can hold a small amount of information for a short time. For example, when you try to remember a new phone number just long enough to dial it, that's your short-term memory at work. But if you don't repeat or use the information, it will quickly be forgotten.
Long-term memory, on the other hand, has a much larger capacity (容量) and can store information for a long time. It can be further divided into explicit memory (显性记忆) and implicit memory (隐性记忆). Explicit memory is the conscious recollection (有意识的回顾) of facts and events, like remembering your first day at school. Implicit memory is the unconscious (无意识的) memory of skills and habits, such as riding a bike without thinking about the steps.
Several things can affect our memory. Stress can make it harder to remember things. Lack of sleep also has a negative effect on our brain. A healthy diet rich in nutrients (营养素) like fish, nuts and fruits is beneficial for good memory.
To improve our memory, we can do regular exercise. It increases blood flow to the brain. We can also try memory techniques like making associations (联想). By understanding how memory works and taking good care of our brain, we can make the most of this amazing ability.
1. How many main types of memory are mentioned in the passage?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.
2. Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
A. Riding a bike smoothly.
B. Brushing your teeth without thinking.
C. Typing on the keyboard without thinking.
D. Remembering where you put your keys this morning.
3. What can have a bad influence on our memory according to the passage?
A. Doing regular exercise.
B. Having enough sleep.
C. Being under stress.
D. Eating a healthy diet.
4. What can we do to improve our memory?
A. Avoid thinking questions.
B. Eat a lot of junk food.
C. Do more exercise and use memory techniques.
D. Sleep less and study more.
Memory is a powerful ability that plays an important part in our lives. It helps us learn, work, and build relationships.
There are mainly two types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory is like a temporary storage (临时存储). It can hold a small amount of information for a short time. For example, when you try to remember a new phone number just long enough to dial it, that's your short-term memory at work. But if you don't repeat or use the information, it will quickly be forgotten.
Long-term memory, on the other hand, has a much larger capacity (容量) and can store information for a long time. It can be further divided into explicit memory (显性记忆) and implicit memory (隐性记忆). Explicit memory is the conscious recollection (有意识的回顾) of facts and events, like remembering your first day at school. Implicit memory is the unconscious (无意识的) memory of skills and habits, such as riding a bike without thinking about the steps.
Several things can affect our memory. Stress can make it harder to remember things. Lack of sleep also has a negative effect on our brain. A healthy diet rich in nutrients (营养素) like fish, nuts and fruits is beneficial for good memory.
To improve our memory, we can do regular exercise. It increases blood flow to the brain. We can also try memory techniques like making associations (联想). By understanding how memory works and taking good care of our brain, we can make the most of this amazing ability.
1. How many main types of memory are mentioned in the passage?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.
2. Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
A. Riding a bike smoothly.
B. Brushing your teeth without thinking.
C. Typing on the keyboard without thinking.
D. Remembering where you put your keys this morning.
3. What can have a bad influence on our memory according to the passage?
A. Doing regular exercise.
B. Having enough sleep.
C. Being under stress.
D. Eating a healthy diet.
4. What can we do to improve our memory?
A. Avoid thinking questions.
B. Eat a lot of junk food.
C. Do more exercise and use memory techniques.
D. Sleep less and study more.
答案
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. C
2. D
3. C
4. C
解析
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先明确每道题的问题指向，带着问题回到原文对应段落定位关键信息，再将选项与原文内容逐一对比，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。具体到本题：第1题问记忆的主要类型数量，定位第二段首句；第2题问显性记忆的例子，定位第三段显性记忆的定义；第3题问影响记忆的负面因素，定位第四段；第4题问提高记忆的方法，定位最后一段。
【解析】
1. 根据原文第二段第一句“There are mainly two types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory.”可知，记忆的主要类型有2种，故选B。
2. 根据原文第三段“Explicit memory is the conscious recollection of facts and events, like remembering your first day at school.”，显性记忆是有意识回忆事实和事件。选项A、B、C均为无意识的技能（属于隐性记忆），选项D“记得今早把钥匙放在哪里”是有意识的回忆，属于显性记忆，故选D。
3. 根据原文第四段“Stress can make it harder to remember things.”可知，压力对记忆有负面影响，A（规律锻炼）、B（充足睡眠）、D（健康饮食）均为积极影响，故选C。
4. 根据原文最后一段“To improve our memory, we can do regular exercise. We can also try memory techniques like making associations.”可知，提高记忆的方法是规律锻炼和使用记忆技巧，A、B、D均为错误做法，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题
【点评】
本题围绕记忆的相关知识设置细节理解题，考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题目难度不大，只要仔细阅读原文即可准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先明确每道题的问题指向，带着问题回到原文对应段落定位关键信息，再将选项与原文内容逐一对比，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。具体到本题：第1题问记忆的主要类型数量，定位第二段首句；第2题问显性记忆的例子，定位第三段显性记忆的定义；第3题问影响记忆的负面因素，定位第四段；第4题问提高记忆的方法，定位最后一段。
【解析】
1. 根据原文第二段第一句“There are mainly two types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory.”可知，记忆的主要类型有2种，故选B。
2. 根据原文第三段“Explicit memory is the conscious recollection of facts and events, like remembering your first day at school.”，显性记忆是有意识回忆事实和事件。选项A、B、C均为无意识的技能（属于隐性记忆），选项D“记得今早把钥匙放在哪里”是有意识的回忆，属于显性记忆，故选D。
3. 根据原文第四段“Stress can make it harder to remember things.”可知，压力对记忆有负面影响，A（规律锻炼）、B（充足睡眠）、D（健康饮食）均为积极影响，故选C。
4. 根据原文最后一段“To improve our memory, we can do regular exercise. We can also try memory techniques like making associations.”可知，提高记忆的方法是规律锻炼和使用记忆技巧，A、B、D均为错误做法，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题
【点评】
本题围绕记忆的相关知识设置细节理解题，考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题目难度不大，只要仔细阅读原文即可准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
