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第二课时 Understanding ideas(Grammar)
答案
第二课时 Understanding ideas(Grammar)
解析
【分析】
本题为课程课时相关的标识类题目，明确给出了课时对应的内容为“第二课时 Understanding ideas(Grammar)”，需匹配对应的参考答案内容。
【解析】
题目给出的课时信息与参考答案完全一致，无需额外推导或计算，直接输出参考答案即可。
【答案】
第二课时 Understanding ideas(Grammar)
【知识点】
课时标识、语法教学
【点评】
本题为课程课时的明确标注，对应指定课时的语法学习板块，考查对课时信息的准确对应，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.9
本题为课程课时相关的标识类题目，明确给出了课时对应的内容为“第二课时 Understanding ideas(Grammar)”，需匹配对应的参考答案内容。
【解析】
题目给出的课时信息与参考答案完全一致，无需额外推导或计算，直接输出参考答案即可。
【答案】
第二课时 Understanding ideas(Grammar)
【知识点】
课时标识、语法教学
【点评】
本题为课程课时的明确标注，对应指定课时的语法学习板块，考查对课时信息的准确对应，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.9
Ⅰ. Complete the sentences with who or whom.
1. The firefighter
2. Do you know the girl
3. The old man
4. Anyone
5. I know the girl
1. The firefighter
who
saved the cat from the tree is a hero.2. Do you know the girl
who/whom
my brother is talking to?3. The old man
who/whom
I saw in the park was reading a newspaper.4. Anyone
who
arrives late will not be allowed to enter.5. I know the girl
who
won the first prize in the competition.答案
1. who 2. who/whom 3. who/whom 4. who 5. who
解析
【分析】
要确定定语从句中关系代词who或whom的用法，需先判断空格在定语从句中所作的成分：若关系词在从句中作主语，用主格who；若作宾语，可用宾格whom或口语中常用的who。逐个分析句子：1. 从句缺主语；2. 从句缺介词to的宾语；3. 从句缺saw的宾语；4. 从句缺主语；5. 从句缺主语，据此选择。
【解析】
1. 先行词the firefighter在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
2. 先行词the girl在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，whom为宾格，who可替代宾格，故用who/whom。
3. 先行词the old man在定语从句中作saw的宾语，故用who/whom。
4. 先行词anyone在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
5. 先行词the girl在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
【答案】
1. who 2. who/whom 3. who/whom 4. who 5. who
【知识点】
定语从句；关系代词who/whom的用法
【点评】
本题考查定语从句中关系代词who与whom的核心用法，重点在于区分关系词在从句中作主语还是宾语，属于基础语法题，适合巩固定语从句的入门知识。
【难度系数】
0.6
要确定定语从句中关系代词who或whom的用法，需先判断空格在定语从句中所作的成分：若关系词在从句中作主语，用主格who；若作宾语，可用宾格whom或口语中常用的who。逐个分析句子：1. 从句缺主语；2. 从句缺介词to的宾语；3. 从句缺saw的宾语；4. 从句缺主语；5. 从句缺主语，据此选择。
【解析】
1. 先行词the firefighter在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
2. 先行词the girl在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，whom为宾格，who可替代宾格，故用who/whom。
3. 先行词the old man在定语从句中作saw的宾语，故用who/whom。
4. 先行词anyone在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
5. 先行词the girl在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
【答案】
1. who 2. who/whom 3. who/whom 4. who 5. who
【知识点】
定语从句；关系代词who/whom的用法
【点评】
本题考查定语从句中关系代词who与whom的核心用法，重点在于区分关系词在从句中作主语还是宾语，属于基础语法题，适合巩固定语从句的入门知识。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅱ. Combine the two sentences into one, using attributive clauses.
1. The girl is my good friend. She often helps me with difficult English homework.
→
2. The man is a brave firefighter. He saved several people from the big fire last week.
→
3. We met the old lady. She has lived in this village for 60 years.
→
4. The boy took part in the sports meeting. He runs fastest in his whole grade.
→
5. The woman is my great-aunt. She told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman.
→
1. The girl is my good friend. She often helps me with difficult English homework.
→
The girl who often helps me with difficult English homework is my good friend.
2. The man is a brave firefighter. He saved several people from the big fire last week.
→
The man who saved several people from the big fire last week is a brave firefighter.
3. We met the old lady. She has lived in this village for 60 years.
→
We met the old lady who has lived in this village for 60 years.
4. The boy took part in the sports meeting. He runs fastest in his whole grade.
→
The boy who runs fastest in his whole grade took part in the sports meeting.
5. The woman is my great-aunt. She told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman.
→
The woman who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman is my great-aunt.
答案
1. The girl who often helps me with difficult English homework is my good friend. 2. The man who saved several people from the big fire last week is a brave firefighter. 3. We met the old lady who has lived in this village for 60 years. 4. The boy who runs fastest in his whole grade took part in the sports meeting. 5. The woman who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman is my great-aunt.
解析
【分析】本题要求将两个简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句，解题思路为：首先找出两个句子中共同的指代人的名词（即先行词），由于先行词指人，选用关系代词who引导定语从句；接着将修饰先行词的句子调整为定语从句，置于先行词之后；最后调整主句与从句的语序，确保句子语法正确、语义连贯。
【解析】1. 先行词是the girl（指人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为修饰the girl的定语从句who often helps me with difficult English homework，置于the girl之后，调整主句结构，合并为：The girl who often helps me with difficult English homework is my good friend。2. 先行词是the man（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who saved several people from the big fire last week，置于the man之后，合并为：The man who saved several people from the big fire last week is a brave firefighter。3. 先行词是the old lady（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who has lived in this village for 60 years，置于the old lady之后，合并为：We met the old lady who has lived in this village for 60 years。4. 先行词是the boy（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who runs fastest in his whole grade，置于the boy之后，合并为：The boy who runs fastest in his whole grade took part in the sports meeting。5. 先行词是the woman（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman，置于the woman之后，合并为：The woman who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman is my great-aunt。
【答案】1. The girl who often helps me with difficult English homework is my good friend. 2. The man who saved several people from the big fire last week is a brave firefighter. 3. We met the old lady who has lived in this village for 60 years. 4. The boy who runs fastest in his whole grade took part in the sports meeting. 5. The woman who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman is my great-aunt.
【知识点】定语从句（who的用法），句子合并
【点评】本题是定语从句的基础应用练习，考察学生对关系代词who引导定语从句的掌握，需准确识别先行词并正确使用关系代词连接句子，属于初中英语核心基础题型，有助于巩固定语从句的基本结构。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 先行词是the girl（指人），用关系代词who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为修饰the girl的定语从句who often helps me with difficult English homework，置于the girl之后，调整主句结构，合并为：The girl who often helps me with difficult English homework is my good friend。2. 先行词是the man（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who saved several people from the big fire last week，置于the man之后，合并为：The man who saved several people from the big fire last week is a brave firefighter。3. 先行词是the old lady（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who has lived in this village for 60 years，置于the old lady之后，合并为：We met the old lady who has lived in this village for 60 years。4. 先行词是the boy（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who runs fastest in his whole grade，置于the boy之后，合并为：The boy who runs fastest in his whole grade took part in the sports meeting。5. 先行词是the woman（指人），用who引导定语从句，将第二个句子改写为who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman，置于the woman之后，合并为：The woman who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman is my great-aunt。
【答案】1. The girl who often helps me with difficult English homework is my good friend. 2. The man who saved several people from the big fire last week is a brave firefighter. 3. We met the old lady who has lived in this village for 60 years. 4. The boy who runs fastest in his whole grade took part in the sports meeting. 5. The woman who told me many stories about hero Zhao Yiman is my great-aunt.
【知识点】定语从句（who的用法），句子合并
【点评】本题是定语从句的基础应用练习，考察学生对关系代词who引导定语从句的掌握，需准确识别先行词并正确使用关系代词连接句子，属于初中英语核心基础题型，有助于巩固定语从句的基本结构。
【难度系数】0.7
Ⅲ. Complete the passage with proper words according to the Chinese given.
This story shows the courage of Chinese soldiers in the cold winter of Changjin Lake. The terrible 1.
bitter winter.
It is a 8.
This story shows the courage of Chinese soldiers in the cold winter of Changjin Lake. The terrible 1.
war
(战争) broke out, and Chinese soldiers went to the front 2. line
(线) to fight against enemies. They joined a fierce 3. battle
(战斗，战役) in Changjin Lake, where the 4. temperature
(气温) dropped far below minus thirty degrees. Every soldier stuck firmly to his 5. post
(岗位). They had to 6. lose
(失去) warm coats and enough food in the freezing weather. Only a few 7. survivors
(生还者) could describe the hardship of thatbitter winter.
It is a 8.
pity
(遗憾) that countless young soldiers sacrificed their lives to defend our motherland. Their strong will and bravery have 9. shocked
(使震惊) the whole world. We are 10. deeply
(深深地) moved by these great heroes forever.答案
1. war 2. line 3. battle 4. temperature 5. post 6. lose 7. survivors 8. pity 9. shocked 10. deeply
解析
【分析】
本题要求根据括号内的中文提示，结合句子语境、语法规则（词性、时态、固定搭配等）填写正确的英语单词。解题时需先明确每个空格对应的中文词义，再判断该词在句中所需的词性，同时结合句子结构（如固定搭配、时态要求、名词单复数等）确定最终单词形式。
【解析】
1. 中文“战争”对应名词war，符合“可怕的战争爆发了”的语境；
2. 固定搭配front line意为“前线”，“线”对应名词line；
3. 中文“战斗、战役”对应名词battle，符合“激烈的战斗”的表述；
4. 中文“气温”对应名词temperature，符合“气温降至零下三十度以下”的语境；
5. 中文“岗位”对应名词post，“坚守岗位”是常用表达；
6. had to后需接动词原形，中文“失去”对应动词lose；
7. a few后接可数名词复数，中文“生还者”对应名词复数survivors；
8. 固定句型it is a pity that...意为“遗憾的是……”，“遗憾”对应名词pity；
9. 句子为现在完成时（have+过去分词），中文“使震惊”对应动词过去分词shocked；
10. 修饰形容词moved需用副词，中文“深深地”对应副词deeply。
【答案】
1. war 2. line 3. battle 4. temperature 5. post 6. lose 7. survivors 8. pity 9. shocked 10. deeply
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、时态
【点评】
本题为根据中文提示完成短文填空，主要考查核心英语词汇的词义、词性及常用固定搭配，侧重基础词汇的掌握与运用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题要求根据括号内的中文提示，结合句子语境、语法规则（词性、时态、固定搭配等）填写正确的英语单词。解题时需先明确每个空格对应的中文词义，再判断该词在句中所需的词性，同时结合句子结构（如固定搭配、时态要求、名词单复数等）确定最终单词形式。
【解析】
1. 中文“战争”对应名词war，符合“可怕的战争爆发了”的语境；
2. 固定搭配front line意为“前线”，“线”对应名词line；
3. 中文“战斗、战役”对应名词battle，符合“激烈的战斗”的表述；
4. 中文“气温”对应名词temperature，符合“气温降至零下三十度以下”的语境；
5. 中文“岗位”对应名词post，“坚守岗位”是常用表达；
6. had to后需接动词原形，中文“失去”对应动词lose；
7. a few后接可数名词复数，中文“生还者”对应名词复数survivors；
8. 固定句型it is a pity that...意为“遗憾的是……”，“遗憾”对应名词pity；
9. 句子为现在完成时（have+过去分词），中文“使震惊”对应动词过去分词shocked；
10. 修饰形容词moved需用副词，中文“深深地”对应副词deeply。
【答案】
1. war 2. line 3. battle 4. temperature 5. post 6. lose 7. survivors 8. pity 9. shocked 10. deeply
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、时态
【点评】
本题为根据中文提示完成短文填空，主要考查核心英语词汇的词义、词性及常用固定搭配，侧重基础词汇的掌握与运用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
