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Ⅴ.词汇检测(每小题1分,共10分)
A)根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
1. To make the city less
2. When Mr Jiang got home, he found his private papers
3. Are they in
4. I ordered a birthday cake s
5. All the p
A)根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
1. To make the city less
polluted
(被污染的), the government has taken a series of measures.2. When Mr Jiang got home, he found his private papers
spread
(散开) all over the ground.3. Are they in
agreement
(同意) that the plan is worth carrying out?4. I ordered a birthday cake s
pecially
for you yesterday because it is your birthday today.5. All the p
passengers
on the flight 3U8633 feel very thankful for the quick decision made by the pilot.答案
1. polluted 2. spread 3. agreement 4. specially 5. passengers
---
---
解析
【分析】
本题为英语词汇检测题，需根据汉语提示或首字母，结合句子结构、固定搭配及词性要求填写正确形式的单词。解题时先分析句子语境，再确定单词的词性、形式（如名词单复数、动词形式、副词等），最后匹配对应词汇。
【解析】
1. 句意：为了让城市更少被污染，政府采取了一系列措施。“被污染的”对应形容词polluted，符合“make + 宾语 + 形容词”结构，故填polluted。
2. 句意：江先生回家时发现私人文件散落在地上。“find + 宾语 + 过去分词”表示“发现某物被……”，“散开”的过去分词为spread（原形、过去式、过去分词同形），故填spread。
3. 句意：他们同意这个计划值得执行吗？固定搭配in agreement表示“同意”，此处需名词，故填agreement。
4. 句意：我昨天专门为你订了生日蛋糕，因为今天是你的生日。修饰动词ordered需用副词，首字母为s，“专门地”对应specially，故填specially。
5. 句意：3U8633航班上的所有乘客都对飞行员的快速决定表示感激。“航班上的人”对应passenger，all the后接名词复数，故填passengers。
【答案】
1. polluted 2. spread 3. agreement 4. specially 5. passengers
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、词性转换、名词复数
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的拼写、词性及常见固定搭配，属于英语学习的基础题型，侧重考查学生对核心词汇的掌握程度，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为英语词汇检测题，需根据汉语提示或首字母，结合句子结构、固定搭配及词性要求填写正确形式的单词。解题时先分析句子语境，再确定单词的词性、形式（如名词单复数、动词形式、副词等），最后匹配对应词汇。
【解析】
1. 句意：为了让城市更少被污染，政府采取了一系列措施。“被污染的”对应形容词polluted，符合“make + 宾语 + 形容词”结构，故填polluted。
2. 句意：江先生回家时发现私人文件散落在地上。“find + 宾语 + 过去分词”表示“发现某物被……”，“散开”的过去分词为spread（原形、过去式、过去分词同形），故填spread。
3. 句意：他们同意这个计划值得执行吗？固定搭配in agreement表示“同意”，此处需名词，故填agreement。
4. 句意：我昨天专门为你订了生日蛋糕，因为今天是你的生日。修饰动词ordered需用副词，首字母为s，“专门地”对应specially，故填specially。
5. 句意：3U8633航班上的所有乘客都对飞行员的快速决定表示感激。“航班上的人”对应passenger，all the后接名词复数，故填passengers。
【答案】
1. polluted 2. spread 3. agreement 4. specially 5. passengers
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、词性转换、名词复数
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的拼写、词性及常见固定搭配，属于英语学习的基础题型，侧重考查学生对核心词汇的掌握程度，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
B)用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
6. The streets are much
7. One of the main
8. —Is there any
—Sorry, I don't know.
9. I really believe it's impossible to both improve
10. The journey to that city was very
6. The streets are much
more crowded
(crowd) at weekends, so we should drive more carefully.7. One of the main
disadvantages
(advantage) of the job is the long hours.8. —Is there any
possibility
(possible) that you'll be back by the weekend?—Sorry, I don't know.
9. I really believe it's impossible to both improve
customers'
(customer) satisfaction and reduce cost.10. The journey to that city was very
uncomfortable
(comfort). They all wanted to have a good rest.答案
6. more crowded 7. disadvantages 8. possibility 9. customers' 10. uncomfortable
---
---
解析
【分析】
做此类用所给单词正确形式填空的题目，需先分析句子的关键词、语法结构及语境，再转换单词的正确形式：
1. 第6题中，much用于修饰形容词比较级，需将名词crowd转换为形容词crowded的比较级形式；
2. 第7题中，one of后接可数名词复数，结合句意“工作时间长”是工作的缺点，故将advantage转换为其反义词的复数形式；
3. 第8题中，any后需接名词，需将形容词possible转换为名词形式；
4. 第9题中，需修饰名词satisfaction，故使用名词所有格，将customer变为复数后加所有格符号；
5. 第10题中，结合后文“想好好休息”的语境，需使用comfort的反义词形容词。
【解析】
6. 句中much修饰形容词比较级，crowd的形容词为crowded，其比较级是more crowded，故填more crowded；
7. one of后接可数名词复数，结合句意“工作时间长”是缺点，advantage的反义词为disadvantage，复数形式是disadvantages，故填disadvantages；
8. any后需接名词，possible的名词形式是possibility，意为“可能性”，故填possibility；
9. 此处修饰名词satisfaction，需用名词所有格，customer的复数是customers，其所有格为customers'，故填customers'；
10. 结合后文“想好好休息”的语境，可知旅程不舒服，comfort的形容词uncomfortable符合语境，故填uncomfortable；
【答案】
6. more crowded 7. disadvantages 8. possibility 9. customers' 10. uncomfortable
【知识点】
形容词比较级、词性转换、名词所有格
【点评】
本题考查英语词汇的形式变化，涵盖比较级、名词复数、词性转换等基础语法与词汇知识点，需结合句子结构、固定搭配及语境判断单词的正确形式，是初中英语的常规基础题型，注重词汇的灵活运用。
【难度系数】
0.6
做此类用所给单词正确形式填空的题目，需先分析句子的关键词、语法结构及语境，再转换单词的正确形式：
1. 第6题中，much用于修饰形容词比较级，需将名词crowd转换为形容词crowded的比较级形式；
2. 第7题中，one of后接可数名词复数，结合句意“工作时间长”是工作的缺点，故将advantage转换为其反义词的复数形式；
3. 第8题中，any后需接名词，需将形容词possible转换为名词形式；
4. 第9题中，需修饰名词satisfaction，故使用名词所有格，将customer变为复数后加所有格符号；
5. 第10题中，结合后文“想好好休息”的语境，需使用comfort的反义词形容词。
【解析】
6. 句中much修饰形容词比较级，crowd的形容词为crowded，其比较级是more crowded，故填more crowded；
7. one of后接可数名词复数，结合句意“工作时间长”是缺点，advantage的反义词为disadvantage，复数形式是disadvantages，故填disadvantages；
8. any后需接名词，possible的名词形式是possibility，意为“可能性”，故填possibility；
9. 此处修饰名词satisfaction，需用名词所有格，customer的复数是customers，其所有格为customers'，故填customers'；
10. 结合后文“想好好休息”的语境，可知旅程不舒服，comfort的形容词uncomfortable符合语境，故填uncomfortable；
【答案】
6. more crowded 7. disadvantages 8. possibility 9. customers' 10. uncomfortable
【知识点】
形容词比较级、词性转换、名词所有格
【点评】
本题考查英语词汇的形式变化，涵盖比较级、名词复数、词性转换等基础语法与词汇知识点，需结合句子结构、固定搭配及语境判断单词的正确形式，是初中英语的常规基础题型，注重词汇的灵活运用。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅵ. 句子翻译(每小题2分,共10分)
1. 父母应该避免把自己的孩子和别的孩子做比较。
2. 这个调查主要是询问乘客对这里的服务是否满意。
3. 由于人口的快速增长,地球上的资源将会很快被耗尽。
4. 我原以为这些动物会危害人类。
5. 我很难想象将来我们的生活会是什么样子。
1. 父母应该避免把自己的孩子和别的孩子做比较。
Parents should avoid comparing their own children with other children.
2. 这个调查主要是询问乘客对这里的服务是否满意。
The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here.
3. 由于人口的快速增长,地球上的资源将会很快被耗尽。
The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out of quickly because of the rapid increase in population.
4. 我原以为这些动物会危害人类。
I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings.
5. 我很难想象将来我们的生活会是什么样子。
It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future.
答案
1. Parents should avoid comparing their own children with other children.
2. The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here.
3. The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out of quickly because of the rapid increase in population.
4. I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings.
5. It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future.
---
2. The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here.
3. The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out of quickly because of the rapid increase in population.
4. I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings.
5. It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future.
---
解析
【分析】
翻译此类句子时，需先明确中文句子的核心成分（主语、谓语、宾语等），再对应英语的固定搭配、常用句式，同时注意时态、语态的正确使用：1. 注意“避免做某事”用avoid doing sth，“把…和…比较”用compare...with...；2. 注意“调查”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，“对…满意”用be satisfied with；3. 注意“被耗尽”的两种表达（run out/be run out of），“由于”后接名词短语用because of；4. “原以为”对应一般过去时，“危害”可用harm或do harm to；5. “很难做某事”常用It's hard for sb to do sth的形式主语结构，“将来”对应一般将来时。
【解析】
1. 核心结构：主语Parents + 情态动词should + 固定搭配avoid doing sth，“把自己的孩子和别的孩子比较”译为compare their own children with other children，组合得Parents should avoid comparing their own children with other children。
2. 核心结构：主语The survey + 副词mainly + 谓语（过去式）asked + 宾语passengers + 宾语从句（whether/if引导），“对这里的服务是否满意”译为whether/if they were satisfied with the service here，组合得The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here。
3. 核心结构：主语The resources on the Earth + 一般将来时will + 谓语（run out/be run out of），“由于人口的快速增长”译为because of the rapid increase in population，组合得The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out quickly because of the rapid increase in population。
4. 核心结构：主语I + 谓语（过去式）thought + that引导的宾语从句，“这些动物会危害人类”译为these animals would harm/do harm to human beings，组合得I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings。
5. 核心结构：形式主语It's hard for me + 真正主语to do sth，“想象将来我们的生活会是什么样子”译为imagine what our life will be like in the future，组合得It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future。
【答案】
1. Parents should avoid comparing their own children with other children.
2. The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here.
3. The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out quickly because of the rapid increase in population.
4. I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings.
5. It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future.
【知识点】
英语句子翻译、固定短语搭配、时态运用
【点评】
本题为英语基础句子翻译题，主要考查常用英语表达、固定搭配及句式结构，需准确对应中英文的常用表达，注意时态和语态的正确使用，属于难度适中的基础题型，学生只要平时积累常见短语和句式即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.5
翻译此类句子时，需先明确中文句子的核心成分（主语、谓语、宾语等），再对应英语的固定搭配、常用句式，同时注意时态、语态的正确使用：1. 注意“避免做某事”用avoid doing sth，“把…和…比较”用compare...with...；2. 注意“调查”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，“对…满意”用be satisfied with；3. 注意“被耗尽”的两种表达（run out/be run out of），“由于”后接名词短语用because of；4. “原以为”对应一般过去时，“危害”可用harm或do harm to；5. “很难做某事”常用It's hard for sb to do sth的形式主语结构，“将来”对应一般将来时。
【解析】
1. 核心结构：主语Parents + 情态动词should + 固定搭配avoid doing sth，“把自己的孩子和别的孩子比较”译为compare their own children with other children，组合得Parents should avoid comparing their own children with other children。
2. 核心结构：主语The survey + 副词mainly + 谓语（过去式）asked + 宾语passengers + 宾语从句（whether/if引导），“对这里的服务是否满意”译为whether/if they were satisfied with the service here，组合得The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here。
3. 核心结构：主语The resources on the Earth + 一般将来时will + 谓语（run out/be run out of），“由于人口的快速增长”译为because of the rapid increase in population，组合得The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out quickly because of the rapid increase in population。
4. 核心结构：主语I + 谓语（过去式）thought + that引导的宾语从句，“这些动物会危害人类”译为these animals would harm/do harm to human beings，组合得I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings。
5. 核心结构：形式主语It's hard for me + 真正主语to do sth，“想象将来我们的生活会是什么样子”译为imagine what our life will be like in the future，组合得It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future。
【答案】
1. Parents should avoid comparing their own children with other children.
2. The survey mainly asked passengers whether/if they were satisfied with the service here.
3. The resources on the Earth will run out/be run out quickly because of the rapid increase in population.
4. I thought that these animals would harm/do harm to human beings.
5. It's hard for me to imagine what our life will be like in the future.
【知识点】
英语句子翻译、固定短语搭配、时态运用
【点评】
本题为英语基础句子翻译题，主要考查常用英语表达、固定搭配及句式结构，需准确对应中英文的常用表达，注意时态和语态的正确使用，属于难度适中的基础题型，学生只要平时积累常见短语和句式即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.5
Ⅶ. 首字母填空(每小题1分,共10分)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
For centuries, people have asked what makes us different from animals. We share almost 99 per cent of our DNA with our closest relatives, chimpanzees, but have you ever w 1 why they have never evolved(进化) as fast as we have? The answer is our complex(复杂的) brains. The earliest human brains from around 2 million years ago were only big enough to deal with simple signals, such as sight and smell. As we developed into Homo sapiens(智人) 1.5 million years later, our brains grew three times bigger. This was to make space for new s 2, like speech and problem-solving. However, recent research into animal intelligence has made some interesting discoveries, and scientists are starting to question the "f 3" about our powerful intelligence.1. Animals don't use language
... except that several chimpanzees have already learned to use sign language, and some other animals have learned to c 4 in meaningful ways. In the 1990s, Dr Pepperberg published her studies of working with Alex, a parrot that could remember and name over 50 different objects! Most importantly, Alex h 5 made mistakes.
2. Animals aren't a 6 of themselves
... except that some chimpanzees, and a few dolphins and elephants, have all p 7 the "Mirror Test". In a mirror test, a scientist puts some paint on an animal, and then puts the animal in f 8 of a mirror and watches its behaviour. When they see themselves in the mirror, these animals then check their own body for the paint.
3. Animals can't solve problems
... except that some octopuses have the ability to c 9 their movements and open containers with great force to get food out of them. People w 10 work in aquariums(水族馆) have known this for years. And a study in 2014 made some important discoveries about some crows. It found that they could solve complex puzzles and use tools to get food.
1.
4.
7.
10.
根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
For centuries, people have asked what makes us different from animals. We share almost 99 per cent of our DNA with our closest relatives, chimpanzees, but have you ever w 1 why they have never evolved(进化) as fast as we have? The answer is our complex(复杂的) brains. The earliest human brains from around 2 million years ago were only big enough to deal with simple signals, such as sight and smell. As we developed into Homo sapiens(智人) 1.5 million years later, our brains grew three times bigger. This was to make space for new s 2, like speech and problem-solving. However, recent research into animal intelligence has made some interesting discoveries, and scientists are starting to question the "f 3" about our powerful intelligence.1. Animals don't use language
... except that several chimpanzees have already learned to use sign language, and some other animals have learned to c 4 in meaningful ways. In the 1990s, Dr Pepperberg published her studies of working with Alex, a parrot that could remember and name over 50 different objects! Most importantly, Alex h 5 made mistakes.
2. Animals aren't a 6 of themselves
... except that some chimpanzees, and a few dolphins and elephants, have all p 7 the "Mirror Test". In a mirror test, a scientist puts some paint on an animal, and then puts the animal in f 8 of a mirror and watches its behaviour. When they see themselves in the mirror, these animals then check their own body for the paint.
3. Animals can't solve problems
... except that some octopuses have the ability to c 9 their movements and open containers with great force to get food out of them. People w 10 work in aquariums(水族馆) have known this for years. And a study in 2014 made some important discoveries about some crows. It found that they could solve complex puzzles and use tools to get food.
1.
wondered
2. skills
3. facts
4.
communicate
5. hardly
6. aware
7.
passed
8. front
9. control
10.
who
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要就“人类真的比动物聪明吗？”这一问题展开了讨论。
1. wondered 2. skills 3. facts 4. communicate 5. hardly 6. aware 7. passed 8. front 9. control 10. who
---
1. wondered 2. skills 3. facts 4. communicate 5. hardly 6. aware 7. passed 8. front 9. control 10. who
---
解析
【分析】
首字母填空需先通读短文，理解文章围绕“人类与动物智力差异”的主题，再结合上下文语境、固定搭配、语法规则（如时态、定语从句）推断每个空格应填的单词，同时注意单词的正确形式（如过去分词、名词复数等）。
【解析】
1. 此处为现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，结合语境“你是否曾想知道为什么它们进化没我们快”，填wondered；
2. 后文举例speech、problem-solving属于技能，skill为可数名词，此处用复数形式，填skills；
3. 结合语境“质疑关于我们强大智力的事实”，填facts；
4. 结合语境“其他动物学会用有意义的方式交流”，learn to后接动词原形，填communicate；
5. 此处表示“几乎不犯错”，用副词hardly；
6. 固定搭配be aware of（意识到），填aware；
7. 此处为现在完成时，结构have+过去分词，结合语境“通过镜子测试”，填passed；
8. 固定搭配in front of（在……前面），填front；
9. 结合语境“控制它们的动作”，have ability to后接动词原形，填control；
10. 此处为定语从句，先行词是people，关系代词who在从句中作主语，填who。
【答案】
1. wondered 2. skills 3. facts 4. communicate 5. hardly 6. aware 7. passed 8. front 9. control 10. who
【知识点】
首字母填空、词汇运用、定语从句
【点评】
本题围绕人类与动物智力的讨论展开，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及语法的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境推断词义，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
首字母填空需先通读短文，理解文章围绕“人类与动物智力差异”的主题，再结合上下文语境、固定搭配、语法规则（如时态、定语从句）推断每个空格应填的单词，同时注意单词的正确形式（如过去分词、名词复数等）。
【解析】
1. 此处为现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，结合语境“你是否曾想知道为什么它们进化没我们快”，填wondered；
2. 后文举例speech、problem-solving属于技能，skill为可数名词，此处用复数形式，填skills；
3. 结合语境“质疑关于我们强大智力的事实”，填facts；
4. 结合语境“其他动物学会用有意义的方式交流”，learn to后接动词原形，填communicate；
5. 此处表示“几乎不犯错”，用副词hardly；
6. 固定搭配be aware of（意识到），填aware；
7. 此处为现在完成时，结构have+过去分词，结合语境“通过镜子测试”，填passed；
8. 固定搭配in front of（在……前面），填front；
9. 结合语境“控制它们的动作”，have ability to后接动词原形，填control；
10. 此处为定语从句，先行词是people，关系代词who在从句中作主语，填who。
【答案】
1. wondered 2. skills 3. facts 4. communicate 5. hardly 6. aware 7. passed 8. front 9. control 10. who
【知识点】
首字母填空、词汇运用、定语从句
【点评】
本题围绕人类与动物智力的讨论展开，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及语法的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境推断词义，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
