Ⅵ. 选词填空
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空,每个单词或短语限用一次。
(2024·成都二模改编)Traditional Chinese painting ( guohua ) is a traditional Chinese painting form. It is usually painted on silk or paper using a brush with black ink or coloured paint. The 1. can be divided into characters, landscapes, and flowers and birds.
There are two 2. skills in Chinese painting. One is gongbi, drawing details in fine strokes and rich colours. It's often used to draw people or animals. The other is xieyi, drawing in rough strokes and light colours. 3. to gongbi, xieyi pays more attention to expressing the artist's feelings. Xieyi is often used in landscape paintings.
From the Han to Tang dynasties, artists painted many detailed and beautiful pictures of the emperor's family. By the Sui and Tang dynasties, landscape painting had already built itself as a(n) 4. form of expression. These paintings were less detailed and allowed artists to 5. express their understanding of the subjects.
The time from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Northern Song Dynasty 6. the "Golden Age of Chinese Landscape Painting". Using bold strokes and black lines, artists showed wave-like hills, rivers and stones. During the Song Dynasty, artists began 7. poetry and calligraphy to their works to express their thoughts and feelings.
Colour printing skills 8. during the Ming Dynasty, which marked a great milestone. This made it possible 9. illustrated(有插图的) books on the skills of Chinese painting.
Western art had a(n) 10. on China in the late 1800s and 1900s. Some painters, after studying abroad, returned to their homeland and joined the best of both cultures in their art.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了国画的形式和特点。
1. themes 解析:根据"The ... can be divided into characters，landscapes，and flowers and birds."可知，这里指国画的主题可分为人物、山水、花鸟，方框中 theme 表示"主题"，此处用复数形式，故填 themes。
2. main 解析:根据"There are two ... skills in Chinese painting. One is gongbi ... The other is xieyi ..."可知，这里指国画有两大主要技法，main 表示"主要的"，修饰 skills，故填 main。
3. Compared 解析:根据"... to gongbi，xieyi pays more attention to expressing the artist's feelings."可知，这里表示与工笔相比，compare to 意为"与……相比"，主语 xieyi 与其之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填 Compared。
4. independent 解析:根据"landscape painting had already built itself as a(n) ... form of expression"可知，山水画已经成为一种独立的表现形式，independent 表示"独立的"，修饰 form，故填 independent。
5. freely 解析:根据"allowed artists to ... express their understanding"可知，这里指允许艺术家自由地表达理解，free 需变为副词 freely 修饰动词 express，故填 freely。
6. is known as 解析:根据"The time ... the 'Golden Age of Chinese Landscape Painting'"可知，这段时期被称为中国山水画的黄金时代，be known as 表示"被称为"，主语为单数且为客观事实，用一般现在时，故填 is known as。
7. to add/adding 解析:根据"artists began ... poetry and calligraphy to their works"可知，艺术家开始把诗和书法添加到作品中，begin to do/begin doing 均可表示"开始做某事"，add ... to ... 表示"把……添加到……"，故填 to add 或 adding。
8. progressed 解析:根据"Colour printing skills ... during the Ming Dynasty"可知，明代彩色印刷技术得到发展/进步，progress 作动词表示"进步，发展"，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填 progressed。
9. to create 解析:根据"This made it possible ... illustrated books"可知，这使得创作有插图的书籍成为可能，"make it possible to do sth"为固定结构，it 作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语，故填 to create。
10. influence 解析:根据"Western art had a(n) ... on China"可知，西方艺术对中国产生了影响，have an influence on 为固定搭配，表示"对……有影响"，故填 influence。

【分析】
这是一篇传统文化主题的短文选词填空题，解题时可以按照以下思路推进：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍中国国画的分类、技法以及发展历程，整体把握语篇的语境和主题方向。
2. 逐空分析句子结构，先判断空格处所需的词性，再结合上下文的逻辑含义，匹配对应的词义。
3. 结合语法规则（名词单复数、词性转换、非谓语形式、时态语态、固定搭配等）对选出的词汇进行正确的形式变形，确保语法合规。
4. 全部填完后通读全文，检查语义逻辑是否通顺、形式是否符合要求，排查错误。
比如第1空后文提到分类为人物、山水、花鸟，显然对应的是国画的主题，需要把theme变为复数themes；第3空后文出现对比逻辑，结合固定搭配compare to，这里作状语要用过去分词Compared，符合逻辑和语法。
【解析】
1. 句意：国画的主题可以分为人物、山水、花鸟。根据后文的分类内容可知此处指国画的主题，theme是可数名词，此处表示多个主题，要变为复数形式themes。
2. 句意：国画有两大主要技法。根据后文分别介绍工笔和写意两类核心技法，可知此处表示“主要的”，用形容词main修饰名词skills。
3. 句意：与工笔相比，写意更注重表达艺术家的情感。固定搭配compare to表示“与……相比”，此处逻辑主语xieyi和compare是被动关系，用过去分词Compared作状语，句首首字母大写。
4. 句意：到隋唐时期，山水画已经成为一种独立的表现形式。此处修饰名词form，结合句意表示“独立的”，用形容词independent。
5. 句意：这些画作细节更少，允许艺术家自由地表达他们对主题的理解。此处需要副词修饰动词express，将形容词free变为副词freely。
6. 句意：五代十国到北宋的这段时期被称为“中国山水画的黄金时代”。固定搭配be known as表示“被称为”，主语the time是单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is known as。
7. 句意：宋代期间，艺术家开始在作品中加入诗词和书法来表达他们的想法和情感。固定搭配begin to do sth./begin doing sth.都表示“开始做某事”，add...to...表示“把……添加到……”，故填to add或者adding。
8. 句意：明代彩色印刷技术取得了进步，是一个重要的里程碑。此处作谓语，时间是明代属于过去，动词progress表示“进步、发展”，用一般过去时progressed。
9. 句意：这使得创作讲解国画技法的带插图的书籍成为可能。固定结构make it possible to do sth.中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，故填to create。
10. 句意：19世纪末和20世纪，西方艺术对中国产生了影响。固定搭配have an influence on表示“对……有影响”，故填influence。
【答案】
1. themes
2. main
3. Compared
4. independent
5. freely
6. is known as
7. to add/adding
8. progressed
9. to create
10. influence
【知识点】
短文选词填空，词性转换，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题选取中国传统国画文化作为语篇载体，既考察学生对上下文语境的逻辑理解能力，也综合考察了中学阶段核心的语法点：包括名词单复数、形容词副词转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、常见固定搭配等，同时渗透了传统文化知识，引导学生了解传统艺术发展脉络，整体难度适中，学生容易在非谓语变形、时态判断的细节处出现失误。
【难度系数】
0.6