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C
KEY→P30
范畴:人与社会 主题:科学技术 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/4
Scientists at Stanford University have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the outside of a house takes in heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature of the building. The new paint, however, is used to reflect the sun's heat off the outside of the house, which means the inside of the house doesn't heat up as much as before.
Nearly 90% of American households used air conditioning in 2020, which required a lot of electricity. In fact, electricity consumption for air conditioning accounted for about 19% of electricity consumption in American homes and cost Americans a lot that year. Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment, but it also lowers people's cost of electricity.
There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared (中红外的) light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that can make people feel warm. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun's mid-infrared light. That's 10 times more than common paint.
The bottom layer of the paint has metal flakes that work like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer has colourful particles (颗粒), which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions.
In addition to cooling a house in hot summer, the paint can also keep a home warm in winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. Homes are most often heated by using electricity or natural gas, so reducing that need could save people money on their heating costs too.
According to the paint's creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%.
(
A. To make houses more beautiful.
B. To help houses get more sunlight.
C. To lower the cost of building houses.
D. To stop houses from getting too hot.
(
A. Too much waste of electricity in the United States.
B. The cost of electricity used by American households.
C. The advantages of preventing houses from overheating.
D. The popularity of air conditioning in the United States.
(
A. 8%.
B. 36%.
C. 80%.
D. 90%.
(
A. Smart paint to heat or cool
B. Cheap paint beautifying houses
C. Reducing the amount of energy
D. Reflecting mid-infrared light back
KEY→P30
范畴:人与社会 主题:科学技术 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:/4
Scientists at Stanford University have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the outside of a house takes in heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature of the building. The new paint, however, is used to reflect the sun's heat off the outside of the house, which means the inside of the house doesn't heat up as much as before.
Nearly 90% of American households used air conditioning in 2020, which required a lot of electricity. In fact, electricity consumption for air conditioning accounted for about 19% of electricity consumption in American homes and cost Americans a lot that year. Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment, but it also lowers people's cost of electricity.
There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared (中红外的) light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that can make people feel warm. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun's mid-infrared light. That's 10 times more than common paint.
The bottom layer of the paint has metal flakes that work like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer has colourful particles (颗粒), which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions.
In addition to cooling a house in hot summer, the paint can also keep a home warm in winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. Homes are most often heated by using electricity or natural gas, so reducing that need could save people money on their heating costs too.
According to the paint's creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%.
(
D
)1. What is the purpose of creating the special paint?A. To make houses more beautiful.
B. To help houses get more sunlight.
C. To lower the cost of building houses.
D. To stop houses from getting too hot.
(
C
)2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. Too much waste of electricity in the United States.
B. The cost of electricity used by American households.
C. The advantages of preventing houses from overheating.
D. The popularity of air conditioning in the United States.
(
A
)3. How much of the sun's mid-infrared light can common paint reflect?A. 8%.
B. 36%.
C. 80%.
D. 90%.
(
A
)4. What is the best title for the passage?A. Smart paint to heat or cool
B. Cheap paint beautifying houses
C. Reducing the amount of energy
D. Reflecting mid-infrared light back
答案
斯坦福大学的科学家发明了一种新型涂料，夏天将它涂在房屋的外部可以防止房屋过热；冬天将它涂在室内的墙壁上能保持室内温暖。
1. D 细节理解题。由第一段中“... have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating.”可知，发明新型涂料是为了防止房屋过热。
2. C 段落大意题。通读第二段，且由第二段最后一句可知，第二段主要谈及防止房屋过热的好处。
3. A 推理判断题。由第三段中“The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun's mid-infrared light. That's 10 times more than common paint.”可知，普通涂料只能反射8%的太阳光的中红外光。
4. A 标题概括题。本文介绍科学家开发了一种特殊的涂料，这种涂料除了在炎热的夏季防止房屋过热外，还可以在冬天保持室内温暖，故A项为本文的最佳标题。
1. D 细节理解题。由第一段中“... have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating.”可知，发明新型涂料是为了防止房屋过热。
2. C 段落大意题。通读第二段，且由第二段最后一句可知，第二段主要谈及防止房屋过热的好处。
3. A 推理判断题。由第三段中“The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun's mid-infrared light. That's 10 times more than common paint.”可知，普通涂料只能反射8%的太阳光的中红外光。
4. A 标题概括题。本文介绍科学家开发了一种特殊的涂料，这种涂料除了在炎热的夏季防止房屋过热外，还可以在冬天保持室内温暖，故A项为本文的最佳标题。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科技类说明文的阅读理解题，需根据不同题型的解题思路逐一突破：1. 第1题为细节理解题，需定位题干关键词，在原文中找到对应语句匹配选项；2. 第2题为段落大意题，需通读段落并抓住核心句总结主旨；3. 第3题为推理判断题，需定位相关比例信息，通过计算推导结果；4. 第4题为标题概括题，需梳理全文核心功能，选择最贴合主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：题干问发明特殊涂料的目的，定位第一段关键句“... have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating.”可知，目的是防止房屋过热，对应选项D，故选D。
2. 段落大意题：通读第二段，内容围绕美国家庭空调用电量大、成本高展开，最后一句“Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment, but it also lowers people's cost of electricity.”点明核心——防止房屋过热的好处，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：定位第三段，特殊涂料可反射高达80%的太阳中红外光，且“that's 10 times more than common paint”，计算得普通涂料反射比例为80%÷10=8%，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 标题概括题：全文介绍新型特殊涂料，夏季可降温防过热，冬季可保暖，选项A“Smart paint to heat or cool”涵盖了涂料的核心功能，其他选项片面，故选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意概括
【点评】
本题为科技类说明文阅读，考查学生对细节信息的定位、段落主旨的归纳、逻辑推理及标题概括的能力，需学生具备快速提取关键信息的阅读技巧。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇科技类说明文的阅读理解题，需根据不同题型的解题思路逐一突破：1. 第1题为细节理解题，需定位题干关键词，在原文中找到对应语句匹配选项；2. 第2题为段落大意题，需通读段落并抓住核心句总结主旨；3. 第3题为推理判断题，需定位相关比例信息，通过计算推导结果；4. 第4题为标题概括题，需梳理全文核心功能，选择最贴合主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：题干问发明特殊涂料的目的，定位第一段关键句“... have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating.”可知，目的是防止房屋过热，对应选项D，故选D。
2. 段落大意题：通读第二段，内容围绕美国家庭空调用电量大、成本高展开，最后一句“Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment, but it also lowers people's cost of electricity.”点明核心——防止房屋过热的好处，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：定位第三段，特殊涂料可反射高达80%的太阳中红外光，且“that's 10 times more than common paint”，计算得普通涂料反射比例为80%÷10=8%，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 标题概括题：全文介绍新型特殊涂料，夏季可降温防过热，冬季可保暖，选项A“Smart paint to heat or cool”涵盖了涂料的核心功能，其他选项片面，故选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意概括
【点评】
本题为科技类说明文阅读，考查学生对细节信息的定位、段落主旨的归纳、逻辑推理及标题概括的能力，需学生具备快速提取关键信息的阅读技巧。
【难度系数】
0.4
