Ⅰ. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1. The Wright brothers were not looking to c the world when inventing the plane. They just wanted to fly like birds.
2. To solve the problem of heavier-than-air flight, the Wright brothers began working with g.
3. There were two main c in inventing the plane.
4. For both problems, they found their s by looking at how birds flew.
5. With the development of technology, the new （发动机）makes the car run more efficiently.
6. It's important to learn how to c your own time and emotions in daily life.
7. The i of the smartphone has changed the way people live and work.
8. We need to improve c between teachers and students to make teaching better.
9. Many people dream of having a wonderful （飞行）experience in the sky.

1. change 2. gliders 3. challenges
4. solutions 5. engine 6. control
7. invention 8. communication 9. flight

【分析】
这类题目需结合句子语境、首字母提示或汉语意思确定单词，同时注意单词的形式变化（如名词复数等）。解题时先理解每句大意，再匹配提示锁定单词，最后检查词形是否符合语法要求。
【解析】
1. 句意：莱特兄弟发明飞机时并非想要改变世界，只是想像鸟儿一样飞翔。结合首字母c及语境，填change；
2. 句意：为解决重于空气的飞行问题，莱特兄弟开始研究滑翔机。结合首字母g及语境，glider需用复数形式gliders；
3. 句意：发明飞机有两个主要挑战。由“two”可知，challenge用复数challenges；
4. 句意：针对这两个问题，他们通过观察鸟类飞行找到了解决方案。结合首字母s及“two problems”，solution用复数solutions；
5. 汉语提示“发动机”对应英文单词engine；
6. 句意：日常生活中学会控制自己的时间和情绪很重要。结合首字母c及语境，填control；
7. 句意：智能手机的发明改变了人们的生活和工作方式。结合首字母i及语境，填invention；
8. 句意：我们需要改善师生间的交流来优化教学。结合首字母c及语境，填communication；
9. 汉语提示“飞行”对应英文单词flight。
【答案】
1. change 2. gliders 3. challenges 4. solutions 5. engine 6. control 7. invention 8. communication 9. flight
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、名词单复数
【点评】
本题为基础词汇填空题，考查学生对核心词汇的掌握及语境理解能力，需准确结合提示和句子含义填写单词，注意词形变化，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3

Ⅱ. 阅读短文,用方框中所给词的恰当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
invent study risk curious drive another
Curiosity is more than just taking 1. . It also 2. people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: How did everything in the world move? He spent years 3. the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China's first star map, and 4. the first earthquake detector (检测仪). His curiosity continues to influence scientists today.
As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a 5. man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what's going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after 6. for us to discover a new world.

1. risks 2. drives 3. studying
4. invented 5. curious 6. another

【分析】本题为词汇运用题，需结合短文语境、固定搭配、动词时态及词性变化完成填空，且每词仅用一次。解题时先通读短文理解大意，再逐个分析空格的句子结构、所需词性或搭配，最后从方框所给词中选择并变形，确保符合要求。
【解析】1. 考查固定搭配take risks，意为“冒险”，故填risk的复数形式risks；2. 主语it指代curiosity，为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，drive的三单形式为drives，符合“驱使”的语境；3. 考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth，意为“花费时间做某事”，故将study变为studying；4. 由前文的drew（draw的过去式）可知，此处需用一般过去时，invent的过去式为invented，符合“发明”的语境；5. 空格处修饰名词man，需用形容词，方框中curious为形容词，意为“好奇的”，符合语境；6. 考查固定搭配one after another，意为“一个接一个”，故填another。
【答案】1. risks 2. drives 3. studying 4. invented 5. curious 6. another
【知识点】动词形式变化、固定搭配、形容词用法
【点评】本题考查词汇在语境中的恰当运用，涉及固定搭配、动词时态及词性转换，是初中英语常见基础题型，侧重考查学生的基础词汇和语法运用能力。
【难度系数】0.7