一、根据句意及汉语提示填写单词或词组。注意使用其正确形式。
1. The change of the （气候）has a great influence on our life. For example, the icebergs are melting.
2. The scientist is trying to （弄清楚）the reason why the sea level is rising. There are many factors to consider.
3. We should keep a （记录）of our daily activities. It can help us remember important things.
4. This kind of plant likes to grow in a （特指的）environment. It needs enough sunlight and water.
5. The river in front of my village used to be （宽阔的）, but now it becomes （狭窄的）because of the lack of water.
6. An irregular sleeping （模式）is very bad for your health.
7. （即使）it was raining heavily, the workers still went on with their work to build the bridge.
8. The earthquake is a terrible （自然灾害）that can cause great damage to people's lives and property.
9. The （增长）of the population in this city has brought many challenges, such as housing and transportation problems.
10. I lost my （感官）of smell after a bad cold.

1. climate
2. figure out
3. record
4. particular
5. wide; narrow
6. pattern
7. Even though
8. natural disaster
9. growth
10. sense

【分析】首先通读每个句子理解句意，确定空格处所需的词性（名词、动词、形容词等），再结合括号内的汉语提示，回忆对应的英文单词或固定短语，同时注意固定搭配、句式要求（如try to do sth），确保填写内容符合语法和语境。
【解析】1. 空格前是定冠词the，需填名词，“气候”对应的英文名词为climate，符合语境；2. try to后接动词原形，“弄清楚”的固定短语是figure out，符合句式要求；3. 固定搭配keep a record of意为“记录”，此处需填名词record；4. 空格后是名词environment，需填形容词，“特指的”对应的形容词是particular；5. 两个空格均需形容词，“宽阔的”对应wide，“狭窄的”对应narrow；6. 空格前是动名词sleeping作定语，需填名词，“模式”对应的名词是pattern；7. 引导让步状语从句，“即使”对应的短语是Even though；8. 空格前是不定冠词a和形容词terrible，需填名词短语，“自然灾害”是natural disaster；9. 空格前是定冠词the，需填名词，“增长”对应的名词是growth；10. 固定搭配sense of smell意为“嗅觉”，“感官”对应的名词是sense。
【答案】1. climate
2. figure out
3. record
4. particular
5. wide; narrow
6. pattern
7. Even though
8. natural disaster
9. growth
10. sense
【知识点】英语词汇运用、固定搭配、词性辨析
【点评】本题为基础词汇考查题，侧重核心词汇、常用短语及固定搭配的掌握，要求学生结合语境判断词性和形式，难度适中，是巩固英语基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】0.6

二、在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. This book (contain) a lot of useful information about history. You can learn a lot from it.
2. The scientist is trying (figure) out the mystery. It’s a challeng-
ing task.
3. We should protect the (nature) environment. After all, we depend on it for our survival.
4. My sister was admitted by the (chemical) department of the university.
5. Be careful with that knife. It’s (sharp) than the old one and can cut your finger easily.
6. You need (summary) the main idea of this passage.
7. They (record) the whole process of the experiment so that they could review it later.
8. I don’t think his explanation (make) sense. There are still many doubts in my mind.
9. The road is (wide) open to the traffic now. It makes our travel much more convenient.
10. There is a (particularly) way of doing this job. You should follow the instructions carefully.

1. contains
2. to figure
3. natural
4. chemistry
5. sharper
6. to summarise
7. recorded
8. makes
9. widely
10. particular

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题，需结合句子结构、时态规则、固定搭配、词性转换等知识点，对括号内单词进行适当变形。具体思考方向：1. 主语为第三人称单数且表客观事实时，动词用三单形式；2. 牢记固定搭配try to do sth；3. 修饰名词需用形容词；4. 学科名词作定语表示相关部门；5. 出现than时用形容词比较级；6. need作实义动词时后接不定式；7. 根据句中过去式提示确定动词时态；8. 宾语从句主语为单数时，动词用三单；9. 修饰形容词需用副词；10. 修饰名词需用形容词。
【解析】
1. 主语This book是第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实用一般现在时，故将contain变为三单形式contains；
2. 固定搭配try to do sth意为“努力做某事”，故填to figure；
3. 修饰名词environment需用形容词，nature的形容词形式为natural；
4. “化学系”的英文表达为chemistry department，用名词chemistry作定语，故填chemistry；
5. 句中出现比较级标志词than，需将形容词sharp变为比较级sharper；
6. need作实义动词时，用法为need to do sth，故填to summarise；
7. 由句中could（过去式）可知，句子为一般过去时，故将record变为过去式recorded；
8. 宾语从句主语his explanation是第三人称单数，描述客观看法用一般现在时，固定短语make sense的三单形式为makes；
9. 修饰形容词open需用副词，wide的副词形式为widely；
10. 修饰名词way需用形容词，particularly的形容词形式为particular。
【答案】
1. contains
2. to figure
3. natural
4. chemistry
5. sharper
6. to summarise
7. recorded
8. makes
9. widely
10. particular
【知识点】
动词形式变化、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考察英语基础语法中的时态、词性转换、固定搭配等核心知识点，是英语学习的常规基础题型，需学生掌握基础语法规则和词汇变形能力。
【难度系数】
0.7