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Passage 5
"How are you?" is a nice question. It's a friendly greeting that people in the United States use. However, "How are you?" is also an unusual question. It's a question that often doesn't need an answer. The person who asks "How are you?" expects to hear the answer "Fine," even if the person isn't fine. The reason is that "How are you?" isn't really a question and "Fine" isn't really an answer.
Sometimes, people don't say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks "Do you agree?" the other person may be thinking, "No, I don't. I think you are wrong." It isn't polite to disagree very strongly, so he might say, "I am not so sure."
People also don't say exactly what they are thinking when they finish talking to other people. For example, many conversations over the phone end when one person says, "I've got to go now," or the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse such as "Someone is at the door" or "Something is burning on the stove."
Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an opinion, or ending a conversation, people often don't say exactly what they think.
A. The excuse may be real, or not.
B. If you disagree with others, they will hate you.
C. It's not good to lie to our family members.
D. They are common ways of saying"hello" or "hi".
E. This is a nice way to say that you don't agree with someone.
F. This is one way of being nice to people, and it's a part of the game of the language.
"How are you?" is a nice question. It's a friendly greeting that people in the United States use. However, "How are you?" is also an unusual question. It's a question that often doesn't need an answer. The person who asks "How are you?" expects to hear the answer "Fine," even if the person isn't fine. The reason is that "How are you?" isn't really a question and "Fine" isn't really an answer.
D
1Sometimes, people don't say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks "Do you agree?" the other person may be thinking, "No, I don't. I think you are wrong." It isn't polite to disagree very strongly, so he might say, "I am not so sure."
E
2People also don't say exactly what they are thinking when they finish talking to other people. For example, many conversations over the phone end when one person says, "I've got to go now," or the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse such as "Someone is at the door" or "Something is burning on the stove."
A
3 The person who wants to hang up simply doesn't want to talk any more, but it isn't polite to say so. An excuse is polite, and it doesn't hurt the other person's feelings.Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an opinion, or ending a conversation, people often don't say exactly what they think.
F
4A. The excuse may be real, or not.
B. If you disagree with others, they will hate you.
C. It's not good to lie to our family members.
D. They are common ways of saying"hello" or "hi".
E. This is a nice way to say that you don't agree with someone.
F. This is one way of being nice to people, and it's a part of the game of the language.
答案
1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F
解析
【分析】
这是一篇英语阅读还原类题目，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心主旨是介绍美国日常交际中，人们出于礼貌往往不会直接说出内心真实想法的几种典型场景：日常问候、表达不同意见、结束对话。接下来逐空定位前后文的内容逻辑，匹配主题一致的选项，同时排除和段落主题完全无关的干扰项：
1. 第1空：前文刚说明"How are you"本质不是真正的问题，对应的回答"Fine"也不是真正的答案，接下来需要补充说明二者的实际功能，匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第2空：前文举例子说明表达不同意的时候，人们不会直接强硬反驳，而是委婉说“我不太确定”，空处需要对这种委婉做法的性质做总结。
3. 第3空：前文提到人们想结束通话时会找各类借口，后文又说明很多时候找借口的真实原因只是不想继续聊天，空处需要衔接“借口”的真假属性。
4. 第4空：前文是对全文所有委婉表达的做法做总结，空处需要收尾点明这类做法的本质意义。
最后剩下的B选项“如果你不同意别人，他们会恨你”、C选项“对家人撒谎不好”完全和全文主题无关，可以直接排除。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文指出"How are you?"和对应的"Fine"都不是真正的问答，D选项“它们是人们用来表达‘你好’或‘嗨’的常见方式”刚好承接前文，解释了二者的实际功能，符合语境，故选D。
2. 第2空：前文提到人们为了保持礼貌，不会直接强硬表达反对，而是说“我不太确定”，E选项“这是一种表明你不同意他人的友好方式”刚好对这个委婉做法做出总结，逻辑连贯，故选E。
3. 第3空：前文提到人们挂电话前会给出各类借口，后文又说明很多时候找借口只是不想继续聊天，A选项“这个借口可能是真的，也可能不是”完美衔接前后内容，符合逻辑，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文总结了所有场景下人们都不会直接说出真实想法，F选项“这是善待他人的一种方式，也是语言游戏的一部分”对全文的这类交际特点做出收尾总结，契合主旨，故选F。
【答案】
1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F
【知识点】
阅读还原题，上下文逻辑，英美交际文化
【点评】
本题难度适中，围绕西方日常交际的委婉表达文化展开，解题的核心是抓住每个段落的分主题，通过前后文的关键词呼应快速匹配选项，既考察了学生的语篇逻辑梳理能力，也能帮助学生了解英语国家的日常交际常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇英语阅读还原类题目，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心主旨是介绍美国日常交际中，人们出于礼貌往往不会直接说出内心真实想法的几种典型场景：日常问候、表达不同意见、结束对话。接下来逐空定位前后文的内容逻辑，匹配主题一致的选项，同时排除和段落主题完全无关的干扰项：
1. 第1空：前文刚说明"How are you"本质不是真正的问题，对应的回答"Fine"也不是真正的答案，接下来需要补充说明二者的实际功能，匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第2空：前文举例子说明表达不同意的时候，人们不会直接强硬反驳，而是委婉说“我不太确定”，空处需要对这种委婉做法的性质做总结。
3. 第3空：前文提到人们想结束通话时会找各类借口，后文又说明很多时候找借口的真实原因只是不想继续聊天，空处需要衔接“借口”的真假属性。
4. 第4空：前文是对全文所有委婉表达的做法做总结，空处需要收尾点明这类做法的本质意义。
最后剩下的B选项“如果你不同意别人，他们会恨你”、C选项“对家人撒谎不好”完全和全文主题无关，可以直接排除。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文指出"How are you?"和对应的"Fine"都不是真正的问答，D选项“它们是人们用来表达‘你好’或‘嗨’的常见方式”刚好承接前文，解释了二者的实际功能，符合语境，故选D。
2. 第2空：前文提到人们为了保持礼貌，不会直接强硬表达反对，而是说“我不太确定”，E选项“这是一种表明你不同意他人的友好方式”刚好对这个委婉做法做出总结，逻辑连贯，故选E。
3. 第3空：前文提到人们挂电话前会给出各类借口，后文又说明很多时候找借口只是不想继续聊天，A选项“这个借口可能是真的，也可能不是”完美衔接前后内容，符合逻辑，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文总结了所有场景下人们都不会直接说出真实想法，F选项“这是善待他人的一种方式，也是语言游戏的一部分”对全文的这类交际特点做出收尾总结，契合主旨，故选F。
【答案】
1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F
【知识点】
阅读还原题，上下文逻辑，英美交际文化
【点评】
本题难度适中，围绕西方日常交际的委婉表达文化展开，解题的核心是抓住每个段落的分主题，通过前后文的关键词呼应快速匹配选项，既考察了学生的语篇逻辑梳理能力，也能帮助学生了解英语国家的日常交际常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
