一、词汇运用
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
reduce achievement harmful bit by bit lie
It's well-known that staying up late is 1 to our health—it can weaken immunity and affect study efficiency. To improve this, Tom made a plan: he would 2 his screen time before bed and go to sleep earlier 3 . At first, it was hard for him to break the old habit, but he didn't give up. After a month, he could fall asleep easily at 10:00 o'clock every night. This small 4 made him more confident. He realized that the key to changing bad habits didn't 5 in sudden changes, but in consistent efforts.

1. harmful 2. reduce 3. bit by bit 4. achievement 5. lie

【分析】
本题为词汇运用题，需结合语境、词性及固定搭配选择方框内的词并填入适当形式。首先明确方框内词汇：reduce（动词，减少）、achievement（名词，成就）、harmful（形容词，有害的）、bit by bit（短语，逐渐地）、lie（动词，存在；位于）。再逐个分析空格：
1. 第一空需形容词构成固定搭配，描述熬夜对健康的影响；
2. 第二空需动词原形，对应Tom减少屏幕时间的计划；
3. 第三空需状语，体现调整习惯的渐进过程；
4. 第四空需名词，对应小的进步带来的自信；
5. 第五空需动词原形，对应固定搭配“在于”的含义。
【解析】
1. 第一空：考查固定搭配“be harmful to”，意为“对……有害”，此处需形容词，故填harmful；
2. 第二空：情态动词would后接动词原形，结合语境“减少睡前屏幕时间”，故填reduce；
3. 第三空：需副词性短语修饰“go to sleep earlier”，bit by bit意为“逐渐地”，符合语境，故填bit by bit；
4. 第四空：形容词small后需接名词，结合语境“这个小成就让他更自信”，故填achievement；
5. 第五空：考查固定搭配“lie in”，意为“在于”，助动词didn't后接动词原形，故填lie。
【答案】
1. harmful 2. reduce 3. bit by bit 4. achievement 5. lie
【知识点】
固定搭配、词汇运用、动词短语
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础词汇运用题，主要考查固定搭配、语境理解及词汇基本用法，难度适中，学生掌握方框内词汇的词义和常见搭配，结合语境分析即可正确作答，适合巩固基础词汇知识。
【难度系数】
0.7

B. 阅读下面的短文,根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空限填一词)。
A volunteer 6 (组织) launched a project to help children in 7 (北方的) mountain areas last year. These children often stay at home alone because their parents work in cities, and some even have 8 (失踪的) family members due to accidents.
The project team first made a 9 (适当的) plan after 10 (考虑) the children's real needs. They provided study materials and arranged weekly activities to cheer the children up. 11 (几乎) all the volunteers are young people who are willing to spend their weekends helping others. When a shy girl 12 (拒绝) to talk at first, a volunteer sat with her patiently and gave her a warm 13 (拥抱). Gradually, the girl opened up and made friends.
The volunteers also taught the children that kindness can turn an 14 (敌人) into a friend and that everyone should care for others. With the 15 (发展) of the project, more and more people have joined in to support these children, bringing them hope and warmth.

6. organization 7. northern 8. missing 9. proper 10. considering 11. Nearly 12. refused 13. hug 14. enemy 15. development

【分析】
本题是根据汉语提示填写单词的题型，需先通读短文理解语境，再结合每个空的语法要求（词性、时态、介词搭配、固定结构等）确定单词的正确形式，确保拼写准确、符合句子逻辑。
【解析】
6. 此处需名词，“组织”对应的名词为organization，构成volunteer organization（志愿者组织），符合语境。
7. 此处修饰名词短语mountain areas，需用形容词，“北方的”对应形容词northern。
8. 此处修饰名词members，需用形容词，“失踪的”对应形容词missing。
9. 此处修饰名词plan，需用形容词，“适当的”对应形容词proper。
10. 介词after后需接动名词，“考虑”的动名词形式为considering。
11. 此处修饰代词all，需用副词，“几乎”对应副词Nearly，句首首字母大写。
12. 描述过去发生的动作，需用动词过去式，“拒绝”的过去式为refused。
13. 由不定冠词a修饰，需用名词单数，“拥抱”对应名词hug。
14. 由不定冠词an修饰，需用名词单数，“敌人”对应名词enemy。
15. 考查固定搭配with the development of（随着……的发展），“发展”对应名词development。
【答案】
6. organization 7. northern 8. missing 9. proper 10. considering 11. Nearly 12. refused 13. hug 14. enemy 15. development
【知识点】
词汇运用、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础词汇考查题，围绕志愿者项目的语境，重点考查核心词汇的拼写、词性及形式变化，是英语学习中的基础题型，注重对基础知识的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.8