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B
In the animal world, the giraffe has the longest
neck. But if the animal could live 162 million years
ago, it couldn't get the title(称呼). That belonged to a
kind of dinosaur called Mamenchisaurus(马门溪龙).
Scientists found the dinosaur had a neck of about
15 metres long! That's much longer than a giraffe's neck.
How did the dinosaur hold its long neck?
The neck was not heavy. Its neck bones were hollow. About
77% of the neck bones were full of air. The dinosaur had a long bone
on each side of its neck. The bones supported(支撑) the neck well.
The dinosaur didn't raise(举起) up its head too much. Its neck only
moved 20 to 30 degrees. But it was enough for the dinosaur to raise
its head 7 to 9 metres high.
Why did the dinosaur need such a long neck?
With a long neck, the dinosaur could sit in one place and eat
lots of tree leaves without leaving their place. Also, the long neck
made the animal cool.
(
A. It was more than 6 times longer than a school bus.
B. It was heavy with a 4-metre-long bone.
C. It needed to move 30 to 40 degrees.
D. It helped the dinosaur get cool.
(
A. 结实的 B. 虚弱的 C. 中空的 D. 实心的
(
A. The dinosaur with a long neck
B. The giraffe's long neck
C. The animal world
D. The world of dinosaurs
In the animal world, the giraffe has the longest
neck. But if the animal could live 162 million years
ago, it couldn't get the title(称呼). That belonged to a
kind of dinosaur called Mamenchisaurus(马门溪龙).
Scientists found the dinosaur had a neck of about
15 metres long! That's much longer than a giraffe's neck.
How did the dinosaur hold its long neck?
The neck was not heavy. Its neck bones were hollow. About
77% of the neck bones were full of air. The dinosaur had a long bone
on each side of its neck. The bones supported(支撑) the neck well.
The dinosaur didn't raise(举起) up its head too much. Its neck only
moved 20 to 30 degrees. But it was enough for the dinosaur to raise
its head 7 to 9 metres high.
Why did the dinosaur need such a long neck?
With a long neck, the dinosaur could sit in one place and eat
lots of tree leaves without leaving their place. Also, the long neck
made the animal cool.
(
D
)6. What do we know about the dinosaur's neck?A. It was more than 6 times longer than a school bus.
B. It was heavy with a 4-metre-long bone.
C. It needed to move 30 to 40 degrees.
D. It helped the dinosaur get cool.
(
C
)7. What does the underlined word "hollow" mean?A. 结实的 B. 虚弱的 C. 中空的 D. 实心的
(
A
)8. What is the best title for the passage?A. The dinosaur with a long neck
B. The giraffe's long neck
C. The animal world
D. The world of dinosaurs
答案
6. D 7. C 8. A
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题思路是先通读全文把握核心介绍对象是长脖子的马门溪龙，之后带着每道题的题干信息回到原文对应段落定位，逐一核对选项和原文内容是否匹配，排除无中生有、和原文矛盾的干扰项，最终选出正确答案。做细节题时要精准比对数字、描述的差异，词义猜测题要结合划线词后文的补充说明推导含义，主旨题要抓住全文核心描述对象，排除范围过大、偏离核心的选项。
【解析】
6. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：全文没有任何内容提及马门溪龙脖子和校车长度的倍数对比，属于无中生有，错误。
选项B：原文第二段明确说明“The neck was not heavy”，和选项描述的“很重”完全矛盾，错误。
选项C：原文明确写了“Its neck only moved 20 to 30 degrees”，选项的30到40度和原文数据不符，错误。
选项D：文章最后一段提到“Also, the long neck made the animal cool”，说明长脖子可以帮助恐龙降温散热，表述符合原文，正确。
7. 词义猜测题：划线词hollow的后文紧接着补充说明“About 77% of the neck bones were full of air”，也就是颈骨77%的空间都充满空气，由此可以推导出这个单词的含义是中空的。
8. 主旨大意题：全文围绕长脖子的马门溪龙展开，依次介绍了它的脖子长度、长脖子的支撑结构、长脖子的作用。选项B长颈鹿只是开头用来对比的引入内容，不是核心；选项C动物世界、选项D恐龙世界的范围都过于宽泛，没有抓住全文核心的“长脖子恐龙”这个描述主体，所以最佳标题是A。
【答案】
6. D 7. C 8. A
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，词义猜测，阅读主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的科普类阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类题型，只要学生能耐心回到原文定位对应信息，很容易排除干扰项选出正确答案，适合用来训练学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题思路是先通读全文把握核心介绍对象是长脖子的马门溪龙，之后带着每道题的题干信息回到原文对应段落定位，逐一核对选项和原文内容是否匹配，排除无中生有、和原文矛盾的干扰项，最终选出正确答案。做细节题时要精准比对数字、描述的差异，词义猜测题要结合划线词后文的补充说明推导含义，主旨题要抓住全文核心描述对象，排除范围过大、偏离核心的选项。
【解析】
6. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：全文没有任何内容提及马门溪龙脖子和校车长度的倍数对比，属于无中生有，错误。
选项B：原文第二段明确说明“The neck was not heavy”，和选项描述的“很重”完全矛盾，错误。
选项C：原文明确写了“Its neck only moved 20 to 30 degrees”，选项的30到40度和原文数据不符，错误。
选项D：文章最后一段提到“Also, the long neck made the animal cool”，说明长脖子可以帮助恐龙降温散热，表述符合原文，正确。
7. 词义猜测题：划线词hollow的后文紧接着补充说明“About 77% of the neck bones were full of air”，也就是颈骨77%的空间都充满空气，由此可以推导出这个单词的含义是中空的。
8. 主旨大意题：全文围绕长脖子的马门溪龙展开，依次介绍了它的脖子长度、长脖子的支撑结构、长脖子的作用。选项B长颈鹿只是开头用来对比的引入内容，不是核心；选项C动物世界、选项D恐龙世界的范围都过于宽泛，没有抓住全文核心的“长脖子恐龙”这个描述主体，所以最佳标题是A。
【答案】
6. D 7. C 8. A
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，词义猜测，阅读主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的科普类阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类题型，只要学生能耐心回到原文定位对应信息，很容易排除干扰项选出正确答案，适合用来训练学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
四、阅读与回答问题
Ink brushes(毛笔) play an important part in Chinese culture.
They are widely used in Chinese painting and writing.
Xu Wenyi is from Wenzhou. He runs an ink brush shop with his
two brothers. Xu's grandfather set up the shop in 1900. Xu's father
learnt how to make the ink brush at 13, and ran the shop when he
was ready. Xu also began to learn the skill at the same age. Xu and
his brothers are the third generation to run the family shop.
There are about 40 steps to make an ink brush. The first step is
to choose the hair. Every winter, when animal hair is the best, Xu
Wenyi goes to other cities to collect the hair. Next, Xu and his
workers make the hair tidy. It may take days, even a week, to get a
small strand(缕) of brush hair. After that, they cut the hair in
different sizes. When the hair is finally ready, they think about other
parts of an ink brush. These days, the brothers try many new
things. They make lanugo(胎毛) writing brushes and many new
parents enjoy these brushes because the brushes keep babies' hair.
The brothers also show how to make brushes in their shop. They
sometimes take their brushes to different cultural festivals. Many
culture lovers show great interest in the skill itself.
"We're happy to make good brushes for people," said Xu. "We
want to pass on the skills if people are still writing with ink brushes.
And we believe we can make better brushes by improving the skill."
1. Where is Xu Wenyi from?
2. How many steps are there to make an ink brush?
3. Is the first step to choose the hair or to cut the hair?
4. Why do many new parents enjoy these brushes?
5. What can we do to help pass on ink brush skills?
Ink brushes(毛笔) play an important part in Chinese culture.
They are widely used in Chinese painting and writing.
Xu Wenyi is from Wenzhou. He runs an ink brush shop with his
two brothers. Xu's grandfather set up the shop in 1900. Xu's father
learnt how to make the ink brush at 13, and ran the shop when he
was ready. Xu also began to learn the skill at the same age. Xu and
his brothers are the third generation to run the family shop.
There are about 40 steps to make an ink brush. The first step is
to choose the hair. Every winter, when animal hair is the best, Xu
Wenyi goes to other cities to collect the hair. Next, Xu and his
workers make the hair tidy. It may take days, even a week, to get a
small strand(缕) of brush hair. After that, they cut the hair in
different sizes. When the hair is finally ready, they think about other
parts of an ink brush. These days, the brothers try many new
things. They make lanugo(胎毛) writing brushes and many new
parents enjoy these brushes because the brushes keep babies' hair.
The brothers also show how to make brushes in their shop. They
sometimes take their brushes to different cultural festivals. Many
culture lovers show great interest in the skill itself.
"We're happy to make good brushes for people," said Xu. "We
want to pass on the skills if people are still writing with ink brushes.
And we believe we can make better brushes by improving the skill."
1. Where is Xu Wenyi from?
2. How many steps are there to make an ink brush?
3. Is the first step to choose the hair or to cut the hair?
4. Why do many new parents enjoy these brushes?
5. What can we do to help pass on ink brush skills?
答案
四、1. From Wenzhou. 2. There are about 40 steps.
3. To choose the hair. 4. Because the brushes keep babies' hair.
5. We can learn the skill and teach others. / We can study the skill and pass it on.
3. To choose the hair. 4. Because the brushes keep babies' hair.
5. We can learn the skill and teach others. / We can study the skill and pass it on.
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国毛笔制作传统技艺的阅读问答题，解题思路清晰明确：首先快速通读全文了解文章整体大意，之后针对每一道题干的关键词，回到原文精准定位对应的语句，直接提取信息就能完成前4道题的作答，最后一道开放性问题结合文章末尾提到的传承传统技艺的主旨，给出合理可行的做法即可，不需要脱离文意随意发挥。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段开头语句"Xu Wenyi is from Wenzhou"，直接提取地点信息即可得到答案。
2. 定位原文第三段首句"There are about 40 steps to make an ink brush"，直接提取制笔的步骤数量信息。
3. 定位原文第三段第二句"The first step is to choose the hair"，明确制笔的第一步是选毛，对应题干的二选一设问给出答案。
4. 定位原文第三段介绍胎毛笔的部分，找到"many new parents enjoy these brushes because the brushes keep babies' hair"的语句，直接提取原因内容。
5. 结合文章最后一段提到的"pass on the skills"的核心主旨，写出符合逻辑、有助于传承制笔技艺的合理做法即可，答案不唯一。
【答案】
1. From Wenzhou.
2. There are about 40 steps.
3. To choose the hair.
4. Because the brushes keep babies' hair.
5. We can learn the skill and teach others. / We can study the skill and pass it on.
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位
文化类语篇理解
开放性问答表达
【点评】
本题整体难度偏低，前四道题均为原文原句可直接找到答案的细节题，仅最后一道为开放性设问，既考查了学生快速抓取文本关键信息的阅读能力，也渗透了中国传统非遗毛笔制作的相关文化知识，引导学生树立传承传统技艺的意识，符合学科核心素养的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍中国毛笔制作传统技艺的阅读问答题，解题思路清晰明确：首先快速通读全文了解文章整体大意，之后针对每一道题干的关键词，回到原文精准定位对应的语句，直接提取信息就能完成前4道题的作答，最后一道开放性问题结合文章末尾提到的传承传统技艺的主旨，给出合理可行的做法即可，不需要脱离文意随意发挥。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段开头语句"Xu Wenyi is from Wenzhou"，直接提取地点信息即可得到答案。
2. 定位原文第三段首句"There are about 40 steps to make an ink brush"，直接提取制笔的步骤数量信息。
3. 定位原文第三段第二句"The first step is to choose the hair"，明确制笔的第一步是选毛，对应题干的二选一设问给出答案。
4. 定位原文第三段介绍胎毛笔的部分，找到"many new parents enjoy these brushes because the brushes keep babies' hair"的语句，直接提取原因内容。
5. 结合文章最后一段提到的"pass on the skills"的核心主旨，写出符合逻辑、有助于传承制笔技艺的合理做法即可，答案不唯一。
【答案】
1. From Wenzhou.
2. There are about 40 steps.
3. To choose the hair.
4. Because the brushes keep babies' hair.
5. We can learn the skill and teach others. / We can study the skill and pass it on.
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位
文化类语篇理解
开放性问答表达
【点评】
本题整体难度偏低，前四道题均为原文原句可直接找到答案的细节题，仅最后一道为开放性设问，既考查了学生快速抓取文本关键信息的阅读能力，也渗透了中国传统非遗毛笔制作的相关文化知识，引导学生树立传承传统技艺的意识，符合学科核心素养的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.8
