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二、阅读理解
阅读下面的材料，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A 国际空间站的“建筑工人” 热点时文
Building a house needs workers. But who builds the International Space Station? Astronauts（宇航员）are the “workers” in space.
Living and working in space is not easy. The temperature outside the ISS can be $-180°\mathrm{C}$ to $120°\mathrm{C}$. Inside the space station, it can be about $21°\mathrm{C}$. Astronauts wear spacesuits when they go outside. Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe. They also keep astronauts safe from flying rubbish in space.
When working in space, astronauts can’t move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots’ arms and hands to do their work. They even sleep in sleeping bags to stay in one place!
The ISS is a home and a lab for astronauts. They do many science tests there. These tests help us learn more about space.
（
A. By asking a question.
B. By giving an example.
C. By telling a story.
D. By introducing a person.
（
A. About $21°\mathrm{C}$.
B. $-180°\mathrm{C}$.
C. $120°\mathrm{C}$.
D. Between $-180°\mathrm{C}$ and $120°\mathrm{C}$.
（
A. Because robots are stronger than astronauts.
B. Because astronauts want to save time.
C. Because astronauts can’t move easily.
D. Because robots don’t need to rest.
（
A. Astronauts don’t need to wear spacesuits in the ISS.
B. Spacesuits can keep astronauts warm.
C. The ISS is only a lab for astronauts.
D. Astronauts sleep on beds in space.
阅读下面的材料，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A 国际空间站的“建筑工人” 热点时文
Building a house needs workers. But who builds the International Space Station? Astronauts（宇航员）are the “workers” in space.
Living and working in space is not easy. The temperature outside the ISS can be $-180°\mathrm{C}$ to $120°\mathrm{C}$. Inside the space station, it can be about $21°\mathrm{C}$. Astronauts wear spacesuits when they go outside. Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe. They also keep astronauts safe from flying rubbish in space.
When working in space, astronauts can’t move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots’ arms and hands to do their work. They even sleep in sleeping bags to stay in one place!
The ISS is a home and a lab for astronauts. They do many science tests there. These tests help us learn more about space.
（
B
）16. How does the writer start the passage?A. By asking a question.
B. By giving an example.
C. By telling a story.
D. By introducing a person.
（
A
）17. What’s the temperature inside the ISS?A. About $21°\mathrm{C}$.
B. $-180°\mathrm{C}$.
C. $120°\mathrm{C}$.
D. Between $-180°\mathrm{C}$ and $120°\mathrm{C}$.
（
C
）18. Why do astronauts use robots’ arms and hands in space?A. Because robots are stronger than astronauts.
B. Because astronauts want to save time.
C. Because astronauts can’t move easily.
D. Because robots don’t need to rest.
（
B
）19. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Astronauts don’t need to wear spacesuits in the ISS.
B. Spacesuits can keep astronauts warm.
C. The ISS is only a lab for astronauts.
D. Astronauts sleep on beds in space.
答案
16—19. BACB
A篇
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了国际空间站的“建筑工人”——宇航员在太空的生活环境、工作方式，以及空间站的功能。
第19题:推理判断题
根据文中“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”可知，太空服能为宇航员保暖，B项表述正确;A项“宇航员在空间站不用穿太空服”表述绝对(文中仅说明外出时穿);C项“空间站只是实验室”与“ISS is a home and a lab”不符;D项“宇航员在太空睡在床上”与“sleep in sleeping bags”矛盾。故选B。
A篇
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了国际空间站的“建筑工人”——宇航员在太空的生活环境、工作方式，以及空间站的功能。
第19题:推理判断题
根据文中“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”可知，太空服能为宇航员保暖，B项表述正确;A项“宇航员在空间站不用穿太空服”表述绝对(文中仅说明外出时穿);C项“空间站只是实验室”与“ISS is a home and a lab”不符;D项“宇航员在太空睡在床上”与“sleep in sleeping bags”矛盾。故选B。
解析
【分析】
解答这类阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握主旨，再针对各小题的关键词回原文定位信息：16题考查文章开头方式，需关注首段写作手法；17题考查空间站内部温度，定位对应温度描述；18题考查使用机械臂的原因，定位因果关系句；19题考查细节判断，需逐一核对选项与原文表述是否一致。
【解析】
16题：定位文章首段，作者先举“建房子需要工人”的例子，再引出国际空间站的“工人”是宇航员，属于举例子的写作手法，故选B。
17题：关键词为“temperature inside the ISS”，定位原文第二段“Inside the space station, it can be about 21°C”，对应选项A，故选A。
18题：关键词为“use robots’ arms and hands”，定位原文第三段“astronauts can’t move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots’ arms and hands to do their work”，可知原因是宇航员移动不便，故选C。
19题：逐一核对选项：A项原文仅说明宇航员外出穿太空服，并非在空间站不用穿，错误；B项原文明确“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”，正确；C项原文提到ISS是“a home and a lab”，并非仅为实验室，错误；D项原文提到宇航员“sleep in sleeping bags”，并非睡床，错误，故选B。
【答案】
16—19：BACB
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文为热点时文类说明文，围绕国际空间站的宇航员展开介绍，题目以细节理解题为主，少量推理判断题，需学生精准定位原文信息，难度适中，适合考查学生的信息提取与判断能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
解答这类阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握主旨，再针对各小题的关键词回原文定位信息：16题考查文章开头方式，需关注首段写作手法；17题考查空间站内部温度，定位对应温度描述；18题考查使用机械臂的原因，定位因果关系句；19题考查细节判断，需逐一核对选项与原文表述是否一致。
【解析】
16题：定位文章首段，作者先举“建房子需要工人”的例子，再引出国际空间站的“工人”是宇航员，属于举例子的写作手法，故选B。
17题：关键词为“temperature inside the ISS”，定位原文第二段“Inside the space station, it can be about 21°C”，对应选项A，故选A。
18题：关键词为“use robots’ arms and hands”，定位原文第三段“astronauts can’t move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots’ arms and hands to do their work”，可知原因是宇航员移动不便，故选C。
19题：逐一核对选项：A项原文仅说明宇航员外出穿太空服，并非在空间站不用穿，错误；B项原文明确“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”，正确；C项原文提到ISS是“a home and a lab”，并非仅为实验室，错误；D项原文提到宇航员“sleep in sleeping bags”，并非睡床，错误，故选B。
【答案】
16—19：BACB
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文为热点时文类说明文，围绕国际空间站的宇航员展开介绍，题目以细节理解题为主，少量推理判断题，需学生精准定位原文信息，难度适中，适合考查学生的信息提取与判断能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
